玉米纹枯病抗性与防御酶关系的研究

以玉米抗、感纹枯病的4个品种为材料，研究了玉米2个抗性品种和2个感病品种在接种玉米纹枯病菌后苯丙氯酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和超氧化歧化酶（SOD）活性的动态变化，结果发现，在玉米接种R．solani后，POD、PAL、PPO和SOD活性有不同程度的增加，抗病品种瓦试13和沈试28比感病品种沈试29和掖单13增加的幅度大，酶活高峰出现的早，并发现玉米接种纹枯病菌后SOD活性均表现为先增加然后降低的趋势．     

不同烟草品种罹黑胫病后几种酶活性的变化

文章就黑胫病表现不同抗性的两烟草品种接种黑胫病菌后,对其叶片内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性进行了测定。结果表明,接种后抗病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平皆明显高于对照,感病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平也高于对照,但接种后抗病品种的PAL、PPO及POD活性水平前期增加速度明显高于感病品种。另外,接种后抗病品种和感病品种与各自对照相比皆未出现新的酶带,只是几个酶带的强弱发生了变化。     

腐烂病菌对不同抗性荷花品种防御酶活性的影响

以不同抗病品种的荷花为试材,研究接种腐烂病菌后,荷花叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化趋势.结果表明,接种腐烂病菌后,抗、感病品种的荷花幼苗POD、PAL、PPO活性均比对照有所提高,其中抗病品种提高程度均强于感病品种,随处理时间的延长,其活性变化呈先升高后降低趋势.POD、PAL、PPO活性与品种抗病性呈正相关关系.     

鸦胆子素D对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒的诱导抗性和保护作用

为明确植物源抗病毒化合物鸦胆子素D(Bruceine D)对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco Mosaic Virus,TMV)的诱导抗性及其对TMV感染后的保护作用,本研究分别设置清水处理作为阴性对照,接种TMV作为阳性对照,检测施用Bruceine D对烟草体内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化,并检测了Bruceine D对烟草感染TMV后体内叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响,以及对烟草POD和PPO同工酶的诱导作用。结果表明,Bruceine D能够系统性地诱导烟草体内POD,PPO,PAL以及SOD活性的提高;能够抑制烟草因感染TMV造成的叶绿素含量的下降以及MDA含量的升高;诱导烟草产生新的POD和PPO的同工酶;阻止TMV造成的烟草体内可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的降低。Bruceine D能够诱导烟草产生对TMV的抗性并对感染TMV的烟草起到保护作用。     

核黄素诱导番茄幼苗抗白粉菌机理研究

研究了2mmol/L核黄素诱导感病番茄品种Moneymaker对白粉菌(Oidium neolycopersici)的抗性及相关生理反应:叶片H2O2积累、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的变化.核黄素诱导后番茄MM对O.ne-olycopersici的抗性增强,诱发了过敏反应(hypersensitive response,HR),番茄叶片内MDA的含量、O2-产生速率、PAL,POD活性均高于核黄素未处理,其变化趋势与抗病番茄品种G1.1560与白粉菌组成的非亲和组合相似.结果表明,H2O2的积累、膜脂过氧化、O2-,PAL和POD在核黄素诱导感病番茄对白粉菌的抗性反应中发挥重要作用.     

地衣芽孢杆菌TG116诱导黄瓜抗病性相关防御酶系的研究

为了探讨地衣芽孢杆菌TG116诱导黄瓜抗病性机理,研究其对黄瓜叶片防御酶活性的影响.采用比色法测定了地衣芽孢杆菌TG116诱导黄瓜根部后对叶片中多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)等3种防御酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果显示,经地衣芽孢杆菌TG116灌根处理后,黄瓜叶片中的POD、PPO、PAL等防御酶类活性升高,MDA含量略有下降并达到新的平衡;经黄瓜枯萎病病原菌灌根处理后,黄瓜叶片中的POD、PPO、PAL等防御酶活性及MDA含量迅速上升;尤其同时接种TG116和黄瓜枯萎病病原菌后,3种防御酶类活性上升的幅度比单独接种要高,同时黄瓜叶片中MDA含量比单独接种黄瓜枯萎病病原菌有所降低,减轻植株细胞膜脂过氧化损伤.研究表明,地衣芽孢杆菌TG116在一定程度上能够诱导黄瓜的系统抗病性.     

花生网斑病菌对白沙1016植株活性氧代谢和防御酶活性的影响

通过对受网斑病菌侵染的花生植株内主要防御酶活性和细胞损伤因子含量测定,探讨白沙1016抗网斑病的生理生化机制,为白沙1016品种改良及抗性品种培育提供理论依据。实验对白沙1016进行了花生网斑病抗性鉴定,并测定了感染网斑病菌的白沙1016植株在0～144 h期间O_2~-、MDA含量及4种防御酶活性的变化。结果显示:白沙1016对于花生网斑病属于感病品种,在接种网斑病菌144 h内,O_2~-和MDA含量均呈先上升后下降趋势,4种防御酶活性变化显著,POD活性变化程度最大,其次为CAT、PAL和SOD。得出结论:白沙1016的活氧代谢系统对网斑病菌的侵染有明显反应,清除病菌侵染而产生的活性氧是植株内进行最为强烈的生理生化反应,其次是对受病菌侵染的组织进行修复和防止病菌扩散的反应。     

内生细菌YBS106对棉花的诱导抗性研究

本实验以从一把伞南星(Arisaema erubescens(Wall.)Schott)组织分离到的内生细菌YBS106对三叶一心棉苗进行灌根诱导,同时挑战接种棉花枯萎病菌或棉花黄萎病菌,测定YBS106诱导对棉叶中抗性相关酶POD和PPO活性及与抗性相关的MDA和VC含量的影响,同时测定YBS106对棉花枯、黄萎病的相对防效。结果表明,YBS106诱导对POD和PPO活性及MDA和Vc含量均有显著影响。YBS106能有效诱棉叶中POD和PPO等防御酶活及Vc含量增加和MDA含量的减少,MDA和Vc含量在诱导后第5天达到最高,POD和PPO活性在诱导后第10天达到最高。病原菌挑战接种100 d时,YBS106对棉花枯萎病菌和黄萎病菌的相对防效分别为64.24%和71.37%,这与棉花系统抗性相关的防御酶活及相关物质(MDA和Vc)含量的变化趋势吻合。该结果表明YBS106诱导棉花产生了对棉花枯萎病菌和棉花黄萎病菌的系统抗性。     

水杨酸对锦绣杜鹃叶片中PAL、PPO及POD活性的影响

用不同浓度的水杨酸（SA）处理锦绣杜鹃植株,分析不同的SA处理时间杜鹃叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）、过氧化物酶（POD）等主要防御酶活性的变化。结果表明：水杨酸处理杜鹃叶片可明显诱导PAL、PPO、POD等防御酶活性的提高,其中50～100μg／mL浓度的SA对诱导杜鹃PAL、PPO、POD酶的活性影响最为显著,但受SA诱导的影响各不同,主要是在对防御酶活性的提高和表达时间上存在着差异,其中PAL受SA诱导后,活性提高最大,持续时间最长。     

中华猕猴桃果实青霉病抗性差异研究

青霉菌引起的猕猴桃果实腐烂是猕猴桃果实成熟和采后贮藏中的最主要病害之一,为了研究中华猕猴桃对青霉病抗性的差异,文章以中华猕猴桃中的红阳、翠玉和16A 3个品种为材料,研究了各品种在受到青霉菌侵染后菌斑大小以及抗性相关生理指标的变化,包括丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)4种酶在青霉菌侵染后不同时期酶活力的变化。结果表明,POD、CAT及PAL的量变化趋势从大到小依次为翠玉、16A、红阳,而MDA的量从小到大依次为翠玉、16A、红阳。综合菌斑大小的变化,该研究表明翠玉对青霉病抗性最大,其次为16A,红阳的抗病性最低。POD、CAT及PAL量的升高可以提高果实对青霉菌的抗病性。该研究结果为深入研究猕猴桃青霉病和提高青霉病抗性的研究提供了理论基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with