具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

东北生态类型单雌蓖麻遗传规律研究

控制单雌蓖麻单雌性状的基因为4对,其中3对为隐性重叠基因,用符号ai表示,Ai对ai为显性;另外一对为隐性抑制基因,用符号b表示,B对b为显性．纯合隐性基因bb对隐性重叠基因a1a1a2a2a3a3起抑制作用,使得a1a1a2a2a3a3bb（保持株）表现为正常两性株,a1a1a2a2a3a3BB（纯合型）和a1a1a2a2aa3a3Bh（杂合型）表现为单雌株．还有一组控制性转换的修饰基因,当温度过低或极高时,该基因才发生作用,从而使单雌蓖麻出现一些极端分离的比例现象．纯合型单雌株与保持株杂交,可获得全雌系．全雌系与恢复系杂交,F1代全为正常两性株,这样即可用全雌系、保持系、恢复系实现蓖麻三系法制种．     

一系列新的LA-群及其自同构群的阶

利用循环群扩张理论构造出一系列新群G=〈a1,a2,a3,a4,…,an ｜a1^p^t1=a2^p^t2=a3^p^t3=a^p4^t4=…=an^p^tn=1,[a1,a3]=a1^ps,[ai,aj]=1〉（这里i,j=1,2,…,n,但是i=1,j=3不同时出现在[ai,aj]=1中,p为奇素数,s为整数）.给出新群的部分性质及其自同构群的阶,并证明新群均为LA-群.     

名量词判定新论

判定一个成分是名量词而非名词主要看量词所由产生的句法环境,在和数词组合的情况下作名词的谓语,并具计量单位的陈述功能,能在"名+数+X"结构中承担计量功能的,是名量词,不能,则不是.判定"数+X(+之/的)+名"中的X是不是名量词,可以运用"转换+替换"法.     

环的 WGP-内射性

给出了 WGP-内射环的等价定义,研究了 WGP-内射环的一些性质,证明了：若 R 是左非奇异的左 WGP-内射环,且对 R 中任意无限序列 a1,a2,a3…,升链 1（a1）1（a1 a2）1（a1 a2 a3）…是平稳的,则 R 是半单环。     

两类特殊的三阶矩阵环的Morphic性质

研究了两类特殊三阶矩阵环的左Morphic性质.具体地,设R是环,令L（R）=a11 0 0a21 a22 a230 0 a33｜a11,a21,a22,a23,a33∈R和O（R）=a 0 0a21 a a230 0a｜a,a21,a23∈R.证得：（1）L（R）和O（R）都不是左Morphic的;（2）当R是唯一Morphic环且R∝R是左Morphic的,O（R）中主对角线为非零元的元素是左Morphic元.     

关于拓扑空间中一些点集的注记

本文首先给出了拓扑空间中的一个集合为闭集的充要条件,从而进一步得到拓扑空间中的一个集合的闭包和边界集必为闭集并且它的闭包是包含着这个集合的最小的闭集。其次我们知道在一般的度量空间中一个集合的导集必是闭集,但是在一般拓扑空间中此结论不一定成立,所以本文主要给出了在拓扑空间中一个集合的导集为闭集的的充分条件和充分必要条件。     

求真务实:先进精神文化意义上的系列新维度

胡锦涛提出的要在全党大力弘扬的求真务实精神,有着精神文化上的多重性,是一个高度综合的富有感召力的先进文化理念,有必要全方位地加以认识、理解和实践。具体应把握以下六个“度”：传统意义上的新厚度、现实意义上的新强度、内涵意义上的新深度、外延意义上的新广度、思想意义上的新高度、实践意义上的新力度,等等。     

完备格中的超因子

给出了超因子元的概念,然后讨论了完备格中超因子的性质,得到了一个超因子元是连续并既约元的一些等价条件.运用超因子刻画了有补模格的部分结构,并得到了一个完备格L是Boole格的充要条件是格L是下连续的分配格,且任意非零元只有零超因子.     

关于一个Diophantine方程问题的解

应用二次Diophantine方程和四次Diophantine方程的性质,证明了方程x2-1y2-1=（z2-1）2满足min（x,y,z）〉1的所有正整数解为（x,y,z）=（4a3-3a,a,2a）（a〉1）和（8a4＋16a3＋8a2-1,2a2＋2a,2a＋1）这两种形式,其中a为一个正整数。从而,得到了关于Diophantine方程一个的公开问题的肯定回答。     

Theoretical Analysis of Nano Displacement of Nanometer Precision Actuator and Its Application

The kind of micro-/nano-meter precision actuator in cludes a piezoelectric one, an electric deformation one, a magnetic deformation one, a mechanical one, and a mechanical and electrical one. This paper puts forw ard a mechanical and electrical step actuator of nanometer precision, which cons ists of a step motor of large fine-dividing number of step angle, shaft couplin gs, a decelerator of large decelerating ratio, a screw mechanism and a pole of U shape, and has the minimum step displacement of 10...