无碰撞磁场重联中的磁岛（英文）

在以下两个方面回顾了磁岛在无碰撞磁场重联中的作用:磁能到等离子体动能和热能的快速转化以及高能量电子的产生.重联的X点附近的电流片可能被拉伸并导致撕裂模不稳定性,并形成相互作用的次级磁岛.这种非稳态的磁场重联图像可以维持长时间的高重联率,进而有效地耗散磁能.电子可在磁岛内通过费米和betatron机制加速,也可在X点附近通过重联电场加速.磁岛间的相互作用可进一步加速电子.这些加速过程可导致高能量电子的幂律谱分布.     

Energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the sheath of interplanetary coronal mass ejection

Magnetic reconnection is an important universal plasma dissipation process that converts magnetic energy into plasma thermal and kinetic energy,and simultaneously changes the magnetic field topology.In this paper,we report the first observation of energetic electrons associated with asymmetric reconnection in the sheath of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection.The magnetic field shear angle was about 151°,implying guide-field reconnection.The width of the exhaust was about 8×104 km.The reconnection rate was estimated as 0.044-0.08,which is consistent with fast reconnection theory and previous observations.We observed flux enhancements of energetic electrons with energy up to 400 keV in this reconnection exhaust.The region where ener- getic electron fluxes were enhanced is located at one pair of separatrices in the higher density hemisphere.We discuss these observation results,and compare with previous observations and recent kinetic simulations.     

Electron dynamics in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Magnetic reconnection provides a physical mechanism for fast energy conversion from magnetic energy to plasma kinetic energy. It is closely associated with many explosive phenomena in space plasma, usually collisionless in character. For this reason, researchers have become more interested in collisionless magnetic reconnection. In this paper, the various roles of electron dynamics in collisionless magnetic reconnection are reviewed. First, at the ion inertial length scale, ions and electrons are decoupled. The resulting Hall effect determines the reconnection electric field. Moreover, electron motions determine the current system inside the reconnection plane and the electron density cavity along the separatrices. The current system in this plane produces an out-of-plane magnetic field. Second, at the electron inertial length scale, the anisotropy of electron pressure determines the magnitude of the reconnection electric field in this region. The production of energetic electrons, which is an important characteristic during magnetic reconnection, is accelerated by the reconnection electric field. In addition, the different topologies, temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the magnetic field affect the accelerating process of electrons and determine the final energy of the accelerated electrons. Third, we discuss results from simulations and spacecraft observations on the secondary magnetic islands produced due to secondary instabilities around the X point, and the associated energetic electrons. Furthermore, progress in laboratory plasma studies is also discussed in regard to electron dynamics during magnetic reconnection. Finally, some unresolved problems are presented.     

微波等离子体电子回旋共振放电粒子模拟分析

电子回旋共振放电产生的等离子体在微电子工业中材料加工、空间电推进方面有着广泛的应用。为了研究微波等离子体电子回旋共振的放电特性,使电子回旋共振放电产生的等离子体密度和能量转换效率更高,建立了微波等离子体电子回旋共振放电的1D3V模型,描述了带电粒子在外加静磁场、微波场共同作用下的微观运动。结果表明:微波频率为2.45 GHz时,随着静磁场磁感应强度的增加,平均电子能量先持续增大达到峰值,随后又不断地减小,且在0.087 5 T时电子加速效果最明显,结果符合电子的回旋频率公式,验证了该模型的正确性;共振区域内,发现在0.087 5 T磁感应强度下,微波频率为2.45 GHz下拟合的电子速度分布才与微波电场分布趋势相似,说明微波电场推动了电子运动。这为进一步研究微波等离子体放电的粒子模拟-蒙特卡罗碰撞模拟奠定了基础,也为进一步研究微波等离子体源中粒子产生效率及微波等离子体源的物理性质提供了重要参考。     

电子束聚焦测量电子荷质比的误差分析与研究

当利用电子束的磁聚焦测量电子荷质比时,不同的实验方法,不同的数据处理方法都会得出不同的结果,而这些结果中,大部分偏小于理论值1.759×1011C/kg,本实验通过尝试和比较不同的处理和测量方法,利用找出的最佳方法得出了多组误差在1‰附近的较准确数据.1实验基本原理图1电聚焦电     

5千瓦霍尔推力器磁场优化及Particle-In-Cell性能仿真

为了提升兰州空间技术物理研究所研制的一种5 k W霍尔推力器LHT—140的性能,采用ANSOFT软件进行了磁场优化设计,将磁场径向分量的轴向梯度提高了47%,相同励磁激励下放电通道中的磁场强度提高了38%。建立了一个R-Z平面内的二维particle-in-cell(PIC)等离子体模型,对磁场优化后推力器的性能进行了仿真分析,预估其在300~800 V放电电压、10~15 mg/s流率范围内,推力提升了9.6%~22.1%,效率提升了8.7%~19.3%。性能验证试验表明磁场优化后在相同放电电压与流率下,性能提升的测试值高于仿真值。     

磁聚焦法测量电子荷质比实验现象分析

通过利用DS-Ⅲ型电子束实验仪进行电子荷质比测定的实验现象和实验数据的分析,明确了磁聚焦法测量电子荷质比实验中电子束螺旋线起点位置的不确定性,并提出等效起点位置的概念。     

汞原子塞曼效应分裂谱线的完整观测与分析

在简要回顾了汞光谱塞曼效应原理后,本文详细研究了运用法布里-帕罗干涉仪所得的汞光谱π分量谱线和σ分量谱线特征,包括如何由π线图像确定汞光源所处的磁感应强度,在σ分量谱线图像中K级前三条谱线的丢失及原因的理论分析,汞光谱诸塞曼谱线相对强度的测量及分析。     

Development of Compact Standing－wave Guides with on－Axis Coupler of Electron Linac for Medical Radio

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磁场作用下水溶液结晶过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法对不同磁场、温度条件下水溶液的结晶过程进行了模拟研究。计算结果表明 ,水溶液的结晶成核速率和晶体生长速率与磁感应强度之间具有多极值关系 ,特别在常温以及磁感应强度为 0 .2 5T时 ,磁场对水溶液结晶参数的影响最为明显。     

Recent progresses in theoretical studies and satellite observations for collisionless magnetic reconnection

As an essential mechanism in large scale fast magnetic energy releases and field reconfigurations processes in space,astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas,magnetic reconnection,particularly collisionless magnetic reconnection,has been studied for more than 65 years.Many progresses have been achieved in recent years and basic features of the process have been well understood,largely due to more and more satellite observation data available in the last decade.However,a few outstanding issues are still remained unresolved.We in the paper review the development of collisionless magnetic reconnection studies and major achievements in recent years,and also briefly discuss the open questions remained to be answered in studies of collisionless magnetic reconnection.     

Simulation of the dawn-dusk magnetosheath asymmetry under quasi-steady states

The dawn-dusk asymmetry of the magnetosheath under quasi-steady states has been studied by using a newly developed 3D MHD magnetosphere simulation model. The results show that the dawn-dusk asymmetry is substantial because of the Parker spiral IMF. It is found that the dawn-dusk magnetosheath thickness asymmetry is the effect of different shock conditions. The plasma density and flux asymmetry are mainly caused by the different thickness of the dawn-dusk magnetosheath, and the magnetic reconnection on the magnetopause has no significant effects. It is also showed that the Plasma Depletion Layer in front of the dayside magnetopause can cause duskward plasma flow, and the total plasma flux on the dusk side will be higher.