Super-resolution microscopy of live cells using single molecule localization

The resolution of conventional light microscopy is insufficient for subcelluar studies. The invention of various super-resolution imaging techniques breaks the diffraction barrier and pushes the resolution limit towards the nanometer scale. Here, we focus on a category of super-resolution microscopy that relies on the stochastic activation and precise localization of single molecules. A diversity of fluorescent probes with different characteristics has been developed to achieve super-resolution imaging. In addition, with the implementation of robust localization algorithms, this family of approaches has been expanded to multi-color, three-dimensional and live cell imaging, which provides a promising prospect in biological research.     

原子簇CoMn2B2的电子流动方向及磁性

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）方法,在B3LYP/Lan12dz水平下,对原子簇CoMn2B2的14种可能构型分别在二、四重态下进行全参数优化计算和频率验证,获得了6种二重态稳定构型,6种四重态稳定构型;分别对这些稳定构型的能量、电荷分布、不同构型磁矩的情况进行研究分析。结果表明：原子簇CoMn2B2所有构型中1（4）最稳定。原子簇CoMn2B2中各原子所带电荷受多重态的影响较小,Mn原子带负电,Co原子和B原子带正电。Mn原子的外层轨道布居数变化较大。Mn原子和Co原子的磁矩主要受原子簇的多重度的影响较大。     

CO_2分子的屈曲

用分子动力学方法模拟了CO2线形分子在纵向压力作用下的屈曲,与连续介质弹性稳定理论得到的计算结果一致.     

CO2分子的屈曲

用分子动力学方法模拟了CO2线形分子在纵向压力作用下的屈曲,与连续介质弹性稳定理论得到的计算结果一致.     

射频场照射下同核体系弛豫的计算与研究

本文根据WBR理论和同核体系的特点，构造了一个相应的三维转动，由此计算出了在射频场照射下同核体系完整的弛豫方程组，并在此基础上对射频场的照射对同核体系弛豫的影响做了理论上的研究，得出了一些有益的结论。     

基于混合遗传算法的变压器局部放电超声定位法

论述变压器局部放电超声波定位法原理,把混合遗传算法用于局部放电的超声定位,从而提出基于混合遗传算法的变压器局部放电超声定位法;并将其定位结果与遗传算法、模拟退火算法、粒子群算法和线性粒子群算法等智能算法的定位结果进行比较.算例结果表明混合遗传算法能有效地防止结果陷入局部最优,其定位效果理想,且比上述智能算法的定位效果都好.     

Constraining the atmospheric N2O budget from intramolecular site preference in N2O isotopomers

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere. It is an active greenhouse gas in the troposphere and it also controls ozone concentration in the stratosphere through nitric oxide production. One way to trace the geochemical cycle of N2O is by measuring the natural abundance of stable isotopes, namely 15N and 18O (refs 2-15). Here we report the intramolecular distribution of 15N within the linear NNO molecule, determined by measuring molecular and fragment ions of N2O on a modified mass spectrometer. This revealed a preference for 15N at the central N position, or alpha-site, within N2O isotopomers (isotope-containing molecules). Moreover, this preference varied significantly throughout the atmosphere. In the troposphere, low alpha-site preference indicates local emission of N2O from soils and fossil-fuel combustion, each with distinct isotopomer signatures, which then mixes with background N2O. In the stratosphere, on the other hand, loss of N2O is observed as enhanced alpha-site preference for 15N, due to fractionation during ultraviolet photolysis of N2O. We have constructed an atmospheric mass balance of N2O, incorporating isotopomer abundance, which shows that the intramolecular distribution of 15N is a parameter that has the potential to increase significantly the resolution with which sources and sinks of N2O can be identified and quantified in the atmosphere.     

电子辐照BaF2晶体的正电子寿命谱研究

用不同能量和注量的电子辐照BaF2∶Sr晶体,分别测量了辐照前后的正电子寿命谱和吸收谱。为了与正电子寿命谱结果对比,也测量了相应的荧光谱。结果表明,在能量为1.5MeV和1.8MeV,注量为1.25×1015到2.57×1016e-cm-2mai的电子辐照情况下,在BaF2∶Sr晶体中主要产生F-H对,F色心和其它一些由杂质引起的色心;辐照温度对这些色心的形成和演化过程有较大的影响。     

TM2-TCNQ有机分子磁性第一性原理

使用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法对3d过渡金属(TM)-TCNQ分子的电子结构与磁性进行研究,结果显示TM原子与TCNQ分子间通过极性键连接,TM原子的加入对TCNQ分子的结构和分子内电荷分布影响很小.TM2-TCNQ分子的磁矩主要源于TM原子;TM的3d电子与相邻氰基中C,N间存在类似超交换相互作用.同时发现V2-TCNQ体系的基态是铁磁态,并具有半金属性质.     

H2在N2O内燃烧反应机理探讨

本文利用公式ΔH=-0.1196n λ计算了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的火焰温度,计算值为3197K,与实际温度2923K较为接近.根据火焰温度,提出了H2在N2O内燃烧反应的机理,该机理为:(1)2N2O→N2 2NO;(2)NO hv→N· O;(3)N· NO→N2 O·;(4)H2 O·→H2O hv.     

掺杂二硼化镁体系超导电性与平均价电子数的关系

用平均价电子数作为掺杂二硼化镁超导电性的一个判断标准，对二硼化镁超导体及掺杂二硼化镁超导体系平均电子数进行研究．结果表明，二硼化镁体系超导材料的平均价电子数值在Tc-Zv图中集中分布在2.61附近.     

Ca3N2在生成BN反应中的作用

研究了Ca3N2对高温常压下B4C与NH4Cl生成hBN反应的作用,在950度,B4C与NH4Cl的反应产物中含少量hBN,加入Ca3N2后hBN含量无明显变化,在1200度,B3C与NH4Cl的反应产物中hBN含量高于950度时的含量,加入Ca3N2后hBN含量明显增加,分析表明：Ca3N2在上述生成hBN的反应中表现出催化作用,Ca3N2对生成hBN反应的催化作用弱于Li3N,而且Ca3N2和Li3N都只有在熔融状态下才能催化作用。     

Widespread active detachment faulting and core complex formation near 13 degrees N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Oceanic core complexes are massifs in which lower-crustal and upper-mantle rocks are exposed at the sea floor. They form at mid-ocean ridges through slip on detachment faults rooted below the spreading axis. To date, most studies of core complexes have been based on isolated inactive massifs that have spread away from ridge axes. Here we present a survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 13 degrees N containing a segment in which a number of linked detachment faults extend for 75 km along one flank of the spreading axis. The detachment faults are apparently all currently active and at various stages of development. A field of extinct core complexes extends away from the axis for at least 100 km. Our observations reveal the topographic characteristics of actively forming core complexes and their evolution from initiation within the axial valley floor to maturity and eventual inactivity. Within the surrounding region there is a strong correlation between detachment fault morphology at the ridge axis and high rates of hydroacoustically recorded earthquake seismicity. Preliminary examination of seismicity and seafloor morphology farther north along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge suggests that active detachment faulting is occurring in many segments and that detachment faulting is more important in the generation of ocean crust at this slow-spreading ridge than previously suspected.     

不同能量Kr原子与同位素分子H_2(D_2,T_2)碰撞分波截面的理论计算

用Tang-Toennies势模型和密耦近似方法计算了不同能量下惰性气体原子Kr与H2及其同位素D2,T2″替代碰撞体系的转动激发碰撞截面.结果表明,体系的约化质量及入射原子相对碰撞能量的变化均给体系的碰撞截面带来不同程度的影响。     

高效合成N,N1,N2,N3-四(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)季戊四胺的方法

提出了一种高效合成N,N1,N2,N3-四(4-甲基苯基磺酰基)季戊四胺的方法:即将季戊四溴与过量15%的对甲苯磺酰胺钠充分研磨混匀后置于反应釜中,再将反应釜密封后放入烘箱中于210 ℃下反应6-8 h,产率超过95%.     

试论交流铁芯线圈的铁损

论述了引起交流铁芯线圈在工作中铁损的原因,通过周密分析研究推导了计算铁 定量公式,并纠正了《日本实用电工讲座》译著中的错误结论。     

Silicon in the Earth's core

Small isotopic differences between the silicate minerals in planets may have developed as a result of processes associated with core formation, or from evaporative losses during accretion as the planets were built up. Basalts from the Earth and the Moon do indeed appear to have iron isotopic compositions that are slightly heavy relative to those from Mars, Vesta and primitive undifferentiated meteorites (chondrites). Explanations for these differences have included evaporation during the 'giant impact' that created the Moon (when a Mars-sized body collided with the young Earth). However, lithium and magnesium, lighter elements with comparable volatility, reveal no such differences, rendering evaporation unlikely as an explanation. Here we show that the silicon isotopic compositions of basaltic rocks from the Earth and the Moon are also distinctly heavy. A likely cause is that silicon is one of the light elements in the Earth's core. We show that both the direction and magnitude of the silicon isotopic effect are in accord with current theory based on the stiffness of bonding in metal and silicate. The similar isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Earth and the Moon is consistent with the recent proposal that there was large-scale isotopic equilibration during the giant impact. We conclude that Si was already incorporated as a light element in the Earth's core before the Moon formed.