牛泡沫病毒BBet抑制BTas反式激活功能负调控病毒复制

泡沫病毒(foamy virus, FV)属于反转录病毒科中的泡沫病毒亚科、泡沫病毒属.其基因组除编码结构蛋白Gag、Pol及Env外,同时还编码2个非结构蛋白Tas和Bet.Tas是泡沫病毒的正调控蛋白,通过结合在病毒启动子上游的DNA调控元件上正调控病毒基因表达.Bet对病毒复制具有一定的负调控作用,但作用机制尚无报道.利用实验室筛选得到的牛泡沫病毒(bovine fomay virus, BFV)3026可释放株(BFV-Z1),采用不同感染复数(0.01及0.1)感染BFV Bet(BBet)稳定表达细胞系及对照细胞系,分析传代后病毒滴度,确证BBet抑制BFV复制;分析BBet对病毒启动子活性的影响,发现Bet对BFV的2个启动子LTR和IP本底活性影响较小,但BBet可抑制BFV Tas(BTas)对BFV的LTR和IP启动子的反式激活.进一步机制分析发现BBet未显著影响BTas的细胞定位,也不能直接结合启动子上游BTas相关应答序列,推测BBet可能通过抑制BTas结合启动子应答元件之后的分子事件,如募集转录复合物等过程负调控病毒复制.     

杆状病毒AcMNPVie0/ie1启动子区域甲基化对自身调控作用的影响

对杆状病毒ie0/ie1启动子区域甲基化测序和甲基化特异性PCR,发现ie0区域甲基化程度较高,且随着感染过程发生变化,在感染后8h有明显下降.为了研究启动子区域内甲基化对其活性及表达调控的影响,构建了表达AcMNPV极早期蛋白IE0和IE1的质粒p402-ie1、p402-ie0M-A及报告质粒pie0p-luc、pie1p-luc,采用体外甲基化的方式,研究DNA甲基化对IE0、IE1调控自身启动子作用的影响.结果证实ie0p受IE0蛋白激活,而受到IE1蛋白抑制,发现DNA甲基化极大降低ie0p、ie1p活性.验证了IE0、IE1蛋白对于ie1p的激活作用,而甲基化后IE1/IE0对其激活作用依然保持.不同比例的p402-ie1/p402-ie0M-A转染实验,发现在IE0IE1时,甲基化能够逆转IE0/IE1对于ie0p的调控作用.这些结果表明,DNA甲基化状态可以影响杆状病毒IE0和IE1蛋白对ie0启动子对基因表达的调控.     

DNA甲基化对杆状病毒极早期和滞早期启动子转录活性的影响

利用体外DNA甲基化酶和荧光素酶报告系统分析了DNA甲基化对杆状病毒苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)的8个极早期和滞早期基因启动子表达活性的影响.研究结果表明,病毒极早期基因ie1和ie0启动子的活性受到甲基化修饰的强烈抑制,pe38启动子活性受到部分抑制;同时滞早期启动子p35、DNApol、lef1、lef3和lef8的启动子则在甲基化处理后得到一定程度的激活.转染的同时用AcMNPV感染细胞,在多数启动子中并没有改变甲基化处理对它们表达活性的影响,但使其影响程度有所减弱.在另一些启动子(pe38,p35,lef1)中,AcMNPV的感染使甲基化的作用基本消失.这些结果表明DNA甲基化对一些杆状病毒启动子的转录活性有一定的调控作用.     

酵母snoRNA基因簇启动子的比较分析

报道对酿酒酵母ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因簇启动子序列的研究结果．通过计算机分析,发现酿酒酵母中Ｚ２Ｚ８和ＳｎＲ１９０Ｕ１４ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因簇有相似的启动子结构．这两个ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因簇都是由一个上游的启动子负责整个基因簇的转录,产生多个顺反子ｓｎｏＲＮＡ的前体,然后再加工成熟为各个独立的ｓｎｏＲＮＡ．在启动子保守序列ＴＡＴＡｂｏｘ的上游还发现２个ＲＡＰ１序列,表明ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因簇的表达可以通过ＲＡＰ１元素与核糖体蛋白基因的表达协同调控．这是在ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因的启动子中首次发现ＲＡＰ１调控元素．对ｓｎｏＲＮＡ基因簇的进化特点也进行了讨论．     

G1期细胞周期相关蛋白对POLD1基因启动子活性的调控

POLD1基因编码DNA聚合酶δ的催化亚基.然而作为最重要的复制蛋白,目前并不清楚其表达的细胞周期调控机制.研究中运用细胞周期同步化及荧光素酶报告基因测定了POLD1启动子在细胞周期不同时相的活性,结果显示启动子活性随着细胞周期进程而变化,在早S期最高.为进一步确定调控POLD1表达的细胞周期相关因子,应用不同质粒转染MCF7细胞,分别筛选得到稳定细胞系.荧光素酶实验表明增强p53或p21的表达,抑制CyclinE或CDK2的表达都能抑制POLD1启动子活性;而抑制CDK4或Cyclin D1的表达对启动子活性没有明显影响.瞬时共转染实验进一步验证Cyclin E或CDK2受到抑制后能够降低POLD1启动子活性.研究初步探讨了POLD1基因表达的细胞周期调控通路,进一步了解细胞周期因子对DNA复制体调控的复杂机制.     

PD-L1表达抑制剂的筛选及其抗肿瘤活性

为了筛选PD-L1启动子活性抑制剂,研究其抑制肿瘤细胞中PD-L1蛋白表达对机体抗肿瘤免疫活性的调节作用.利用荧光素报告基因检测系统对小分子化合物库中的311种化合物进行筛选,发现硫酸长春新碱(vincristine sulfate,VCR)以浓度依赖性抑制PD-L1基因启动子活性.RT-PCR、免疫印迹实验(Westernblot)等生物学评价实验显示:VCR抑制MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞中PD-L1表达以及B16细胞PD-L1蛋白表达和成瘤;VCR增强Jurkat细胞对MDA-MB-231细胞的杀伤活性,并促进C57BL/6小鼠细胞因子IL-2和γ-IFN的分泌,增强抗肿瘤活性.研究结果表明,VCR通过抑制PD-L1启动子活性下调肿瘤细胞中PD-L1蛋白表达,从而解除PD-1/PD-L1信号通路介导的免疫抑制,增强机体对肿瘤细胞的免疫应答和杀伤作用.     

NAP1基因和ARHP基因启动子区的生物信息学分析

采用进化足迹法,利用生物信息学在线软件,分析了鼻咽癌相关肽基因NAP1和成人视网膜假定蛋白基因ARHP的启动子结构,在人和小鼠NAP1基因的启动子保守区内预测出38个共同的转录因子结合部位,在人和小鼠ARHP基因的启动子保守区内预测出44个共同的转录因子结合部位,分析结果为NAP1基因和ARHP基因调控区的分析与鉴定,基因表达调控机制的研究提供了重要的参考.     

PMA对人肝癌细胞中Ha-ras基因启动子活性的影响及与PKC活性的相关性

为探讨佛波脂PMA的生物作用与癌基因ras表达及与PKC信号通路的相关性,用人肝癌细胞BEL-7402为模型,以荧光素酶为报告基因观察了PMA对Ha-ras启动子活性的影响.当用100μg/L PMA长期处理人肝癌细胞BEL-7402时,可明显抑制肿瘤细胞生长.通过RT-PCR和Western Blot分析发现,PMA处理后的BEL-7402细胞中Ha-ras mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下降.进一步观察了PMA对Ha-ras基因启动子活性的影响.通过构建含有Ha-ras启动子序列的、以荧光素酶为报告基因的pGL3-ras真核表达载体,利用脂质体瞬时转染技术将其转入BEL-7402细胞中,并通过荧光素酶活性的检测,发现PMA作用48和72h后的BEL-7402细胞中,Ha-ras启动子活性分别被抑制了55%和54%,同时PKC活性分别下降了76.7%和75.7%.并进一步观察到PKCα和βⅠ蛋白水平明显降低.实验结果表明,PMA长期处理的人肝癌细胞可通过抑制Ha-ras启动子的活性使Ha-ras基因表达被抑制,并且可能与PKC信号通路有关.     

Physagulin H通过阻断NF-κB和JNK/MAPKs信号通路抑制LPS诱导RAW 264.7细胞产生的炎症反应

采用脂多糖诱导的RAW 264. 7巨噬细胞体外炎症模型评价physagulin H的抗炎活性.以MTT法评价细胞毒性,Griess法检测NO的含量,ELISA法检测PGE2和TNF-α水平,Western Blot法检测炎症蛋白表达(iNOS和COX-2)以及对NF-κB炎性信号通路(IκB-α蛋白降解)和对MAPKs通路(JNK,p38和ERK蛋白磷酸化)的调控作用,研究physagulin H的抗炎活性及作用机制.结果表明,physagulin H可显著降低巨噬细胞RAW264. 7中NO、PGE_2和TNF-α的释放,还可显著降低iNOS和COX-2蛋白的高表达且呈浓度依赖性.Physagulin H对LPS诱导NF-κB/IκB-α降解具有显著抑制作用.进一步的抗炎机制研究表明,physagulin H能抑制JNK磷酸化,但对ERK 1/2和p38磷酸化无明显抑制作用.综上,physagulin H是通过调控NF-κB和JNK/MAPKs信号转导通路下调LPS诱导的炎性蛋白的高表达,进而抑制小鼠巨噬细胞产生和释放过量炎症介质以及炎症因子,从而发挥抗炎作用.     

中国明对虾卵黄蛋白原基因启动子克隆与分析

为了探明中国明对虾卵黄蛋白原基因启动子表达调控机制,利用DNA步移法克隆了中国明对虾卵黄蛋白原基因启动子及其上游调控序列,总长1 100bp.分析表明,在基因转录起始位点上游-30～-24bp处有1个TATA box,未发现有CAAT box和GC box.同时,在上游调控区还存在有多个可能影响启动子转录活性的顺式作用元件,如NF-κB,YY1和SP1等转录因子结合位点.这些结果为深入研究中国明对虾卵黄蛋白积累及卵子发生过程奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that