矩形微细通道内流场的可视化实验研究

以蒸馏水为工质,水溶伊红为着色剂,对水力直径为419.2μm,相对粗糙度为3.86%的矩形不锈钢微槽内流动流态进行了可视化实验研究.经光学显微镜放大后由CCD相机拍摄,得到了不同Re数下矩形微槽内的流型图,同时测量了微槽内的摩擦阻力系数.可视化实验表明随Re数增大,出口段、中间段及入口段依次出现层流向湍流过渡,层流向湍流过渡是渐进的、连续的.摩擦阻力实验表明无论层流区还是过渡区,摩擦阻力系数均高于传统理论预测值,由于转捩提前层流区摩擦阻力系数随Re数增大,与传统理论预测值偏差越大.可视化实验与摩擦阻力实验均表明层流向湍流过渡的临界Re数在1 500左右.     

烟风道及典型零部件阻力系数的计算方法

探讨了烟风道摩擦阻力系数计算问题。给出了烟风动力粘度计算式及相关参数。通过计算结果分析,梳理了烟风道摩擦阻力系数计算条件:(1)雷诺数Re2000;(2)2000≤Re4000,或用于计算光滑工程管,或相对粗糙度时;(3)4000≤Re且有相对粗糙度。上述三种条件分别使用一个计算式即可。另外,通过数据拟合,给出了7种烟风道常见弯头的局部阻力系数计算式。上述计算式便于计算机编程。     

水在不同管径超疏水性微管内的流动特性

在改性有机硅稀溶液中加入2%全氟辛基氟硅烷以及添加剂配制成超疏水液,采用滴定法在内径分别为0.447、0.728和0.873 mm的3种微铜管内壁实现微米级超疏水性涂层涂覆,其水滴表观接触角超过150°。建立微管内流动特性实验系统对超疏水性处理的减阻规律进行了实验研究,分别测量了雷诺数为100~3 000时去离子水流过处理前后微铜管时的内部摩擦阻力系数f。研究发现,内壁面的超疏水性处理显著降低了微管内的流动阻力,且该影响随微管内径的增加而增大,实验范围内流动阻力系数最大降幅达29.08%。超疏水涂层使得微管内的流动转捩现象出现滞后,且转捩Re随微管管径增加而略有增大。     

较低雷诺数下ITTC尺度效应换算方法的改进

应用基于非结构化网格的过渡流模型,在商业CFD软件STAR-CCM+平台上,对不同雷诺数(Re)下螺旋桨模型和实桨进行数值模拟,分析了螺旋桨叶面和叶背边界层的流体流动随Re的变化情况,将浆叶0.75R剖面压力面和吸力面的摩擦阻力系数的数值模拟结果与国际船模试验池会议(ITTC)推荐的尺度效应换算公式以及平板摩擦阻力系数计算公式的计算结果进行对比,并对ITTC尺度效应换算方法在较低雷诺数下进行了改进,即应用不同的公式分别计算叶面和叶背的摩擦阻力系数.结果表明,螺旋桨叶面与叶背边界层的流体流动不同,故吸力面和压力面的摩擦阻力系数计算公式有所不同.当Re较小(接近临界雷诺数)时,改进方法比ITTC尺度效应换算方法计算的结果更准确;当Re1.0×106时,改进方法与ITTC尺度效应换算方法的计算结果基本一致;当Re2.0×106时,Re越大,2种方法的计算结果偏离实际值越多.     

微槽板内的对流换热和流动特性

在单相强迫对流情况下,对刻有水力直径为0.133mm～0.367mm微矩形槽的微槽结构进行了换热和流动特性实验研究。研究发现,层流换热受槽道高宽比、水力直径与槽间距比值影响,而紊流换热则与水力直径、槽间距和无量纲参数Z有关,对紊流换热而言Z=0.5是最佳参数.实验表明Z对流动阻力因子亦有很大影响,层流情况下当Z为0.5时,摩擦因子或流动阻力都可达最小值;紊流流动阻力比经典理论预示值小,流动向充分发展紊流过渡的临界Re数也比常规值小。文中给出了计算换热和阻力降的经验公式。     

钛合金螺旋扁管换热器流阻与传热性能实验研究

为研究钛合金螺旋扭曲扁管换热器壳侧选用高黏度导热油的传热规律,对钛合金螺旋扁管换热器的壳侧在层流(Re2 000)与过渡流(2 000Re9 000)状态的传热性能进行实验研究,与分别采用钛合金圆管与螺旋槽管作为换热元件的折流板换热器进行比较,根据实验数据并采用多元线性拟合对扁管壳侧的努塞尔数Nu与阻力系数f进行拟合,其最大拟合误差都是±10%。实验结果表明,螺旋扁管换热器的壳侧在层流与过渡流均有明显的强化传热效果,其强化传热指标h/Δp是螺旋槽管换热器的1.7~2.5倍,光管换热器的2.3~4倍。在层流与过渡流状态下,扁管尺寸、Re、Pr对传热影响较大,螺旋扁管换热器特别适合层流换热。     

微通道内流流场的数值模拟及Micro-PIV测量

采用数值模拟与实验研究方法对直管微通道内流流场进行了详细研究.实验测量借助Micro-PIV技术,采用3μm荧光示踪粒子、10倍显微物镜和14位灰阶CCD相机获取微尺度流场速度分布.利用Fluent数值计算软件,将微尺度通道壁面粗糙元抽象为多孔介质模型,采用realizable k-ε两方程模型,对边长为600μm和800μm的方形断面微尺度直通道分别在Re=100和Re=300条件下进行数值模拟,模拟结果与同工况下Micro-PIV实验测量结果进行对比,结果表明基于多孔介质模拟壁面粗糙元的realizable k-ε两方程模型能够良好地模拟微尺度管流流动,并且获得了多孔介质厚度采用微尺度通道的相对粗糙度折算,多孔介质的粘性阻力系数和惯性阻力系数由多孔介质区域内的流态及阻力计算的方法.     

微小槽道散热器流动与换热实验研究

以 0 .4mm× 2 .0mm× 2 0mm的微小矩形槽道蔟为实验段 ,对水和 6 6 %乙二醇水溶液在底部加热的微小槽道散热器中的流动与换热特性进行了实验研究 ,实验的Re数范围为 2～ 2 5 0 0。实验结果表明 :水和乙二醇水溶液工质在微槽散热器中的流动阻力系数随Re数的增大而减小 ;对流换热的Nu数均随着Re数的增大而增加 ;在相同Re数下 ,Pr数大的乙二醇水溶液工质的Nu数大于水的Nu数。在实验基础上 ,获得了相应的流动阻力及换热系数的实验关联式     

相变乳状液层流流变特性实验研究

相变微乳浆是一种新颖的传热介质,在相变材料相变区内具有表观比热大、换热能力强的优点.文中建立了测量自研低温O/W(石蜡/水)相变乳状液流动性能实验台,对相变材料石蜡(十四烷)30%质量分数的相变乳状液层流流变特性、流动稳定性进行了系统研究.结果表明:研制的相变乳状液稳定性较好,从层流流变特性分析得到该流体可看成Newtonian流体,摩擦阻力系数符合64/Re关系,粘度不大,约是水的5.57倍,优于国内外文献中报道同类材料的粘度.该类材料在换热器、暖通空调等领域具有很好的应用前景.     

微细管内流动特性的数值分析

通过结合实验数据的数值计算方法研究了微细管道内可压流动的流动特性,提出了改进的表面粗糙度粘性系数模型,将表面粗糙度的影响引入计算模型中,计算结果与实验数据符合较好,说明表面粗糙度是影响微细管道内气体流动特性的重要因素。扩张管的计算结果表明在Re>450时,流动开始由层流向湍流转捩。因此微细管内流动的数值模拟需综合考虑粗糙度的影响以及流动的提前转捩,才能得到与实验比较吻合的计算值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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