1-萘酚-5-磺酸的合成

以精茶为原料,通过萘与发烟硫酸的磺化反应合成1,5-萘二磺酸钠,通过1,5-茶二磺酸钠与氢氧化钠水溶液的水解反应合成1-萘酚-5-磺酸,合成总收率为49．2％。     

聚酯催化剂乙二醇锑的合成

过量的乙二醇与三氧化二锑在一定条件下直接酯化脱水,一步法合成了聚酯催化剂乙二醇锑.运用正交设计原理,探讨了反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间等工艺条件对产品收率的影响.结果表明,合成乙二醇锑的最佳工艺条件为:三氧化二锑与乙二醇的摩尔配比为1:45,反应温度为190℃,反应时间为150 min,产品收率达81.12%,所得乙二醇锑中锑含量优于现行企业标准.     

2，6-萘二硫酚的合成及表征

文中以2，6-萘二磺酸钠为原料，成功地合成了2，6-萘二硫酚。研究了原料配比、反应时间、试剂纯度、氯化氢流量等因素对产率的影响。研究发现，合成中间产物2，6-萘二磺酰氯的最佳温度为110℃；合成目标产物2，6-萘二硫酚时，最佳反应温度为70℃，反应自始至终通入氯化氢，可以使产物的收率达80%以上。产物结构通过IR，¹H-NMR和元素分析表征。     

双(2-羟基-1-萘甲醛)缩N,N'-二(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪Schiff碱的合成、表征及抑菌活性

以N,N'-二(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪、2-羟基-1-萘甲醛为原料,通过缩合反应得到双Schiff碱,双(2-羟基-1-萘甲醛)缩N,N'-二(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪.研究了溶剂、反应时间、温度等因素对产率的影响,得到最佳合成工艺条件为:乙醇为反应溶剂,反应温度60℃,反应时间4 h,产物分离收率约92％.利用熔点、IR、UV...     

微通道反应器中合成二硝基萘的连续流工艺

在微通道反应器中,以萘和硝酸为原料,设计连续合成二硝基萘(DNN)的新工艺。考察硝酸浓度、反应温度、反应物料摩尔比以及原料进料流速对反应的影响,并进一步优化工艺条件。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为95%HNO3作硝化剂、n(萘)∶n(硝酸)=1∶6、反应温度70℃、反应系统总通量为42.4 m L/min。在最佳工艺条件下,产物二硝基萘的粗品收率为95%,1,5-DNN和1,8-DNN的总选择性为90%左右。与传统生产工艺相比,微通道反应器实现了连续化操作,提高了生产效率以及安全性。     

1,5-二硝基萘的合成与分离纯化

报道了一种简单、温和、经济、有效的合成1,5-二硝基萘的新方法.首先以65%~68%的硝酸和较少量浓硫酸作硝化剂来替代高浓度的混酸硝化剂或其它复杂且使用不便的硝化剂,无需添加其它助剂及有机溶剂,在温和条件下能以94.4%的收率得到1,5-二硝基萘和1,8-二硝基萘的混合物.然后利用该混合物在丙酮中溶解性的差异,通过调控丙酮的用量及温度可方便地将1,5-二硝基萘进行分离纯化,收率可达42.3%.     

光稳定剂间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的合成

研究了以苯甲酰氯和间苯二酚为原料、液碱为除酸剂,酯化合成然后精制得间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的工艺.研究了酯化反应中温度、物料配比、pH、间苯二酚水溶液的浓度和反应时间等条件对反应的影响,获得了较佳的酯化工艺条件:苯甲酰氯与间苯二酚的摩尔比为1.15∶1;pH值为7.5;反应温度为25℃;反应时间为1.5 h;间苯二酚溶液的质量分数为10%.酯化反应收率为88.6%.考察了结晶溶剂配比、温度对产品质量和收率的影响,经实验评估得到了较佳的结晶工艺条件:结晶溶剂甲苯的体积(/mL)与初产物的质量(/g)之比为2.5∶1,结晶温度为30℃,结晶收率为95.0%.优化工艺条件下产品的总收率为84.2%.     

N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成工艺研究

以苯酐和正丁胺为原料,以水为溶剂,以三乙胺为催化剂,合成了N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,探索了催化剂的用量、物料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素产品收率的影响,从而找出了制备N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳工艺条件:苯酐与正丁胺的摩尔比1:1.3,催化剂三乙胺的为苯酐质量的百分数为16%,反应时间2h,收率达到97%。     

假性紫罗兰酮合成条件

通过不同的实验条件合成假性紫罗兰酮,探讨了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应物配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应产率的影响;通过实验得到提高合成假性紫罗兰酮收率的最佳反应条件为:以氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾为催化剂,催化剂为原料质量的2%,反应原料的摩尔比为1∶6.1,反应温度为62 ℃,反应时间为3 h;并对所得产物进行了纯化,分离收率为79.69%;该结果对合成假性紫罗兰酮的工业开发具有实用价值.     

苯甲酸氧化制取苯酚

本文研究了以苯甲酸作为原料,液相催化氧化制取苯酚。阐述了催化剂配比,反应温度、反应时间对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件,催化剂物质的量配比为１：１,反应温度２１０－２３０℃,反应时间为１０ｈ,产品收率达９３．７％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with