人类终极能源梦——太阳光分解水制氢研究进展

 利用太阳光分解水制备氢气,从太阳照射能量中直接获得大功率的动力能源,被认为是人类能源的终极梦想.本文介绍了太阳光催化分解水制氢的原理,阐述了光解水对光催化材料的热力学和动力学要求.重点从新型光催化材料研发、共催化复合体系构筑、纳米形貌调控、器件化设计等4个方面综述了近年来国内外光解水制氢关键材料和技术的研究进展.结合实际应用,对制氢体系中牺牲剂应用、模拟自然光合作用、光解海水、光催化剂稳定性等方面的研究进行了分析.展望了未来太阳光催化分解水制氢技术的发展方向.     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

 以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心，从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面，介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展，并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

太阳能光催化分解水研究进展

以太阳能光-化学转化中最为重要的反应-光催化分解水为核心,从光催化分解水的原理、半导体捕光材料、光生电荷分离策略、双助催化剂、Z机制分解水体系以及太阳能分解水制氢途径等方面,介绍了光催化分解水制氢的最新研究进展,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。     

光催化分解水制氢半导体材料评述

综述了半导体光催化分解水制氢的基本原理以及近年来一些研究进展.对目前报导的光催化材料进行了整理和分类,评述了各种光催化材料的特点和性能;对光催化分解水的研究工作和发展方向进行了展望.     

基于可再生能源的分布式多目标供能系统(二)

提出了两种以氢为能量载体的基于可再生能源的多目标分布式供能系统的新构思，分别利用太阳光直接分解水制氢及太阳能高温集热（或高温燃料电池排气余热）分解生物质和水制氢，并与高温燃料电池，微型燃气轮机以及后续的供热，制冷，调湿等子系统共同构成高效，无污染的可以供氢，供电，供热，供轴功的多联产综合供能系统，简要分析了可再生能源高效低成本制氢的有关理论与技术，报道了本室光催化分解水制氢与超临界水生物催化气化制氢研究的最新进展。     

氮化碳光催化分解水研究进展

光能取之不尽用之不竭,利用光催化技术分解水解制氢被认为是解决能源与环境问题的有效手段之一。2009年,氮化碳聚合物半导体实现了光催化产氧与产氢水分解半反应,打破了人们对有机聚合物半导体不宜作为光催化材料的传统认识。氮化碳材料由碳、氮两种元素构成,廉价易得,且光化学性质稳定。近年来,以氮化碳为代表的不含金属组分的光催化材料逐渐成为国际光催化研究的热点之一。本文将从氮化碳材料的光催化分解水的构-效关系出发,围绕共聚合氮化碳、结晶相氮化碳和氮化碳光电极,讨论氮化碳材料在光催化分解水的研究现状与发展趋势。     

同多阴离子柱撑水滑石催化合成乳酸正丁酯

报道了同我钼阴离子柱撑水滑石在催化合成乳酸正丁酯反应中的应用，探讨了催化反应条件，结果表明同多钼阴离子柱撑水滑石具良好的催化活性。     

太阳能光催化分解水气泡动力学研究进展

太阳能光催化分解水制氢中的气泡动力学，涉及多物理场和光催化反应之间的相互作用，相比传统的沸腾换热和电解水领域气泡动力学更加复杂且具有独特性。本文从光催化分解水基本原理出发，综述了催化剂表面气泡成核生长动力学规律及其行为调控的研究进展。对于光催化分解水的气泡成核尺度和过饱和度，可以通过经典成核理论估算，然而受现有测试方式的制约，尚无法同时获取高空间和高时间分辨率的成核过程信息。对于催化剂表面气泡的生长规律，通常可由惯性控制、扩散控制和化学反应控制3种机制进行描述，而决定气泡生长控制机制的关键是有效反应表面与气泡尺寸的相对大小。为了有效降低气泡覆盖对光催化反应系统带来的负面影响，可通过添加表面活性剂、调节催化剂表面结构和润湿性为主的被动调控方式，以及施加外部流场、声场、磁场和周期性光照为主的主动调控方式，对气泡行为进行定向调控加以实现。当前研究面临的主要挑战是揭示光催化分解水过程中复杂物理场作用下的相间作用和能质输运机理，从而为未来低成本、高效利用太阳能光催化分解水制氢应用提供指导。     

有机阴离子柱撑水滑石的制备与表征

用离子交换法制备了十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-DB)、十二烷基硫酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-DS)和硬脂酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-St),并通过XRD、FTIR和TGA对改性前后LDH的结构进行了表征.结果表明:当有机阴离子与LDH物质的量比为2、反应温度为70～80,℃、反应时间为2,h、反应pH为4时,有机阴离子可以插入水滑石层间完全取代CO23-,且反应生成的柱撑水滑石具有完整的层状结构.     

双金属柱撑蒙脱石制备及应用研究进展

 双金属柱撑蒙脱石在吸附、催化领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了近年来双金属柱撑蒙脱石制备过程中柱化剂制备、柱撑方法及其在催化和吸附领域的应用,指出制备周期较长、热稳定性和水热稳定性不高、孔径分布不均等是目前双金属柱撑蒙脱石研究中存在的主要问题。今后研究中,采用多金属柱撑,引入稀土金属,探究柱撑机制,分析结构与性能的关系,制备高性能、多功能蒙脱石材料将成为主要方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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