The effect of moderate hemodilution with fluosol-DA or normal saline on acetaminophen disposition in the rat

Hemodilution with 40 ml/kg of Fluosol or saline reduced the acetaminophen Vd and the acetaminophen sulfate ClM at 48 or 72 h, respectively. Fluosol hemodilution increased the acetaminophen renal excretion at 24 and 72 h. But at 48 h, Fluosol hemodilution either inhibited the renal secretion of acetaminophen or enhanced its reabsorption.     

Endocrine organs of different larval instars of Spodoptera (Prodenia) litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Summary A₁ and A₂ cells of the median neurosecretory group are filled with PF stained neurosecretory material between the first 24 to 48 h of the earlier moult in each instar followed by immediate release before the next moult at 72 h, while loaded posterior and lateral neurosecretory cells also appear from the 3rd and 5th instars onwards. Corpora cardiaca, corpora allata and prothoracic glands increase in size in each instar.     

Acute toxicity of copper and its probable effect on thyroid of the fry ofOphiocephalus punctatus (Bloch)

Summary LC₅₀ values for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h were estimated at 1.507; 1.065; 0.785; 0.607; 0.559 mg/l copper respectively for the fry ofOphiocephalus punctatus. Copper induced hyperthyroidism resulting in exopthalmos, has been reported for the first time.     

Attività enolasica del plasma e del fegato nell'epatite sperimentale de virus MHV-3 Craig

Summary In experimental hepatitis from MHV-3 Craig strain, the enolase activity of plasma increases significatively from 48^th h of the infection, reaching the highest values at 72–96^th h.The same activity in the liver decreases only after 72^th h, while in the precocious stages of the infection it is unmodified.The physiopathological significance of the enzymatic modification in the plasma is related to the liver necrosis (enzymo-plasmatic syndrome of virus hepatitis).     

Age-dependent tolerance toBaculovirus in last larval instars of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella,L., induced either for pupation or for diapause

Summary LD₅₀ values as well as time-dependent parameters of granulosis virus infections were determined at different times during the last larval instar (L₅) of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella L., induced either for pupation or for diapause. A significant increase of tolerance to virus was found in 48-h-old L₅ induced for pupation, and 24 h later in L₅ induced for diapause.     

Kinetics of division in PHA-stimulated pig lymphocytes

Our results indicate that pig lymphocytes in culture complete their 1st division at 24 h. At 36 h there are 9% of cells in 2nd division. 3rd mitosis appears at 48 h; and at 72 h there are cells engaged in the 4th division.     

Inhibition of human chlorionic gonadotrophin-induced ovarian and uterine growth in the mouse by synthetic arginine vasotocin-1.

21-day-old Swiss-Webster female mice were injected with 1 IU HCG at 09.00 h. Injection of freshly prepared arginine vasotocin (2 mug/0.1 ml/injection) every 12 h inhibited the HCG-induced hypertrophy of the ovaries at 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr after HCG-treatment while the uterine weight was depressed at 60 and 72 h.     

The effect of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on development of calcium homeostasis in embryonic intestinal epithelium

Cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration of epithelial cells from 14-day embryonic chick duodena decreased during 72 h of organ culture to a value 54% of that found at 17 days in vivo. The ability of cells to maintain a constant Ca²⁺ concentration when challenged with high extracellular calcium was also significantly reduced. Addition of 1 M hydrocortisone during culture restored both parameters of Ca²⁺ homeostasis to that of 16-day uncultured duodena, and rise in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ was significant within 4 h of hormone treatment. Thyroxine influenced epithelial Ca²⁺ similarly, but to a lesser degree and only after 48–72 h of culture. These data indicate that glucocorticoids, and possibly thyroid hormones, influence the development of calcium homeostasis in intestinal epithelium.     

Total replacement of blood by an emulsion of fluorocarbon in the rat-water extravasation as a cause of failure

Summary After exchange transfusion by an emulsion of fluorocarbons (Fluosol 43) in rats, an increase in fluorocarbons and¹³¹I-labelled albumin was observed. These changes suggest a transfer of water from vascular to interstitial space possibly owing to the inability of the emulsion to reproduce the oncotic pressure of normal blood.     

The effect of fasting,refeeding and meal eating on the ribonucleic acid content of adipose tissue in the rat

Zusammenfassung Durch experimentellen Hunger (48 bis 72 h) kommt es bei Ratten zu einer RNS-Minderung im mesentherialen, epididymalen und retroperitonealen Fettgewebe. Normale Fütterung oder Adaptation an beschränkte Fütterungsdauer (2 h pro Tag) führen zu einer Erhöhung des RNS-Gehaltes über die Normalwerte.     

Kinetics of division in PHA-stimulated pig lymphocytes

Summary Our results indicate that pig lymphocytes in culture complete their 1st division at 24 h. At 36 h there are 9% of cells in 2nd division. 3rd mitosis appears at 48 h; and at 72 h there are cells engaged in the 4th division.This work was supported by grants from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization of American States and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.We wish to thank for the technical assistance of Mr J. Serraïno.     

Zur Leberregeneration der Ratte nach Teilhepatektomie während akuter CCl4-Intoxikation

Summary Following 2/3 hepatectomy + CCl₄, the labelling- (³H-thymidine) and mitosis-index of liver epithelia increases 8 h later than after an unique 2/3 hepatectomy, and the peak of compensatory regeneration is reached 16 h later. Then the curve declines and 48 h post operationem reparative regeneration due to CCl₄ necrosises starts.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Average dominance of interocellar bristle polygenes inDrosophila melanogaster

Summary The average dominance of interocellar bristle polygenes inDrosophila melanogaster was computed from the ratio of deviations from the base population mean of the F₁ and the selection lines. The alleles determining interocellar bristle number show recessiveness, more pronounced in low lines than in high lines.     

Influence of heavy water (D2O) on the multiplication of Adeno and Mengo virus

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von Deuteriumoxyd (50%) auf die Vermehrung von Mengo-Virus (kleiner RNS-Virus) und Adeno-7-Virus (ein DNS-Virus) in L-Zellen wurde untersucht. Nach 8 h im H₂O-Medium ist der Titer vom Mengo-Virus signifikant erhöht. 24 h nach Infektion sind die Titer von Mengo-Virus in H₂O und D₂O enthaltenden Medien identisch. Der Adenovirustiter in H₂O enthaltendem Medium ist 24 und 48 h nach Infektion signifikant höher als im Medium mit D₂O.     

Toxicity of Temik (aldicarb) for a fresh water teleost,Barbus conchonius Hamilton

Summary The toxic effects of Temik (aldicarb) on a fresh water Himalyan lake teleost,Barbus conchonius were investigated in hard and soft water. The 48-, 72- and 96-h TL_m-values in mg/l were 8.99, 2.39 and 2.42 respectively in the hard-water test and 3.30, 0.62 and 0.46 in the soft-water test. The toxicity of Temik toB. conchonius increases many fold in soft water.One of us (S. C. P.) is grateful to U. G. C., for the award of a senior research fellowship.     

Direct relationship between urinary prostaglandin E and sodium excretion in essential hypertensive patients

Summary Urinary prostaglandins (PGEs and PGFs), sodium and potassium were measured in 17 essentially hypertensive patients. Significant positive correlations were found between a) PGEs secreted in 24 h and sodium excreted in 24 h, b) the ratio PGEs/U_NaV before and PGEs/U_NaV after volume expansion and c) the ratio Na/K and urinary PGEs. It was suggested that renal PGEs, potent natriuretic and diuretic substances, play an important homeostatic role in the extracellular fluid regulation, and consequently in long-term control of the arterial blood pressure.     

Mitochondrial respiratory function and antioxidant capacity in normal and cirrhotic livers following partial hepatectomy

For many liver malignancies, major hepatectomy is the usual therapy. Although a normal liver has a tremendous capacity for regeneration, liver hepatectomy in humans is usually carried out on a diseased liver and, in such cases, liver regeneration takes place in a cirrhotic remnant. Mitochondrial function in cirrhotic livers shows a variety of changes compared to control livers. This study investigated how mitochondrial respiratory function and antioxidant capacity change following partial hepatectomy of cirrhotic livers, because liver regeneration requires greater energy demands and control of oxidative stress. Cirrhosis was induced in male Wistar-Furth rats by administration of thioacetamide. NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity, mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase activity and mitochondrial GSH levels were all significantly lowered in cirrhotic livers and in the cirrhotic remnants up to 72 h after 70% hepatectomy when compared to the corresponding controls. Lower respiratory control ratios with succinate as substrate were also observed from 6 to 48 h post-hepatectomy. At 24 h post-hepatectomy, higher levels of lipid peroxidation were observed. We conclude that, compared to the controls, cirrhotic livers have diminished oxidative phosphorylation capabilities due to changes in NADH and FADH₂-linked respiration as well as impaired antioxidant defenses following partial hepatectomy. Both of these factors, if critical, could then impede liver regeneration.Received 15 September 2003; received after revision 26 October 2003; accepted 19 November 2003     

Alterations in the fraction of oxygen in inspired gas affect rates of renal prostaglandin E2 synthesis in anesthetized dogs

Summary Reductions of oxygen in inspired gas from 20% to 15%, in anesthetized dogs, reduced arterial PO₂ and increased the renal efflux of PGE₂ but not PGF_2a . Renal blood flow, blood pressure, plasma renin activity as well as arterial pH and PCO₂ were unaffected. PGs may mediate the renal hemodynamic or excretory consequences of alterations in PO₂. In addition, minor variations in PO₂ might account, in part, for the variable renal venous PGE₂ concentrations reported under basal conditions.Authentic prostaglandins were supplied by Dr John E. Pike of the Upjohn Company. This work was supported by grants from the Veterans Administration, the Southern Medical Association and U.S. Public Health Service. Dr. Brash is an American Heart Association, Missouri Affiliate Fellow.     

Chromosomenaberrationen in den Wurzelspitzen vonAllium cepa durch Aflatoxin B1

Summary After treatment of roots ofAllium cepa with aflatoxin B₁ in 0.3% dimethylformamide, chromosome bridges, C-mitose chromosomes and a reduction of the mitotic index were observed. The aberrations occurred especially frequently when the roots had grown in 200 µg/ml toxin for 48 h. In its cytotoxic effect onAllium cepa root tips, aflatoxin B₁ acts similarly to the chemically related coumarin.