Mg2Ca相对镁合金形变和失效机理的影响

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法,在分析Mg-Ca合金中Mg基质和Mg_2Ca稳定相机械性能基础上,对比揭示了Mg_2Ca对多晶镁合金形变和失效机理的影响.特定方向的单轴载荷下,单晶Mg伴随着活跃的锥面c+a和柱面a位错,有显著塑性形变.单晶Mg_2Ca无明显塑性形变,高刚度且脆性强烈.对比多晶Mg/Mg_2Ca复合材料的微观结构,在塑性形变过程中,Mg_2Ca晶粒因其高刚度能减少合金位错并阻断相邻Mg基质中活跃的基面a和锥面c+a位错的传播,从而锚定周围原子.而较弱的Mg/Mg_2Ca界面容易产生裂缝,引起晶间断裂,最终使多晶镁合金失效.     

Investigations of a nanostructured FeMnSi shape memory alloy produced via severe plastic deformation

Low-cost iron-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) show great potential for engineering applications. The developments of new processing techniques have recently enabled the production of nanocrystalline materials with improved properties. These developments have opened avenues for newer applications for SMAs. The influence of severe plastic deformation induced by the high-speed high-pressure torsion (HSHPT) process on the microstructural evolution of an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr alloy was investigated. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the alloy revealed the existence of nanoscale grains with an abundance of stacking faults. The high density of dislocations characteristic of severe plastic deformation was not observed in this alloy. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the presence of ε-martensite with an HCP crystal structure and γ-phase with an FCC structure.     

多晶纯铝晶内局部变形组织分析

用显微硬度方法在晶粒尺度范围内对多晶纯铝进行了晶内塑性变形,研究了退火前后压痕周边变形组织形貌.实验发现,仅在退火后的压痕周边出现了不同形态的滑移带,在滑移带的区域发现有大量位错露头并在某些局部范围内呈有序排列状态的现象,同时观察到滑移带直接穿越晶内偏聚区界的现象.文中分析了没有在晶内压痕周边区域内发现再结晶现象的原因,讨论了退火温度及时间、压下量及晶粒取向等因素对滑移带形成的影响.研究表明,与整体变形方式不同,晶内变形方法可以更方便地研究多晶材料塑性变形及再结晶时的一些组织特点.     

单晶铜纳米线弯曲、扭转的变形机制的分子动力学研究

本文利用分子动力学方法研究了〈001〉/{100}和〈110〉/{111}两种单晶铜纳米线在弯曲、扭转载荷作用下的变形机制和力学行为.在〈001〉/{100}铜纳米线的弯曲过程中,当弯曲角度很大时,我们观察到了一些五重变形孪晶.分析表明,配位数为12的其它原子类型与hcp原子类型间的相互转化是导致出现这种五重变形孪晶的重要因素.这个结果与文献（Appl Phys Lett,2006,89：041919）所报道的纳米晶铜在拉伸状态下所观察到的五重变形孪晶的形成过程截然不同;然而该孪生变形机制并未在相应的？110？/{111}单晶铜纳米线的弯曲加载过程中被发现.此外,通过对〈001〉/{100}和？110？/{111}单晶铜纳米线进行扭转模拟,我们发现,这两种纳米线的扭转塑性变形分别是以从表面边角和侧表面发射全位错为主的变形机制.     

Multiscale modelling of plastic flow localization in irradiated materials

The irradiation of metals by energetic particles causes significant degradation of the mechanical properties, most notably an increased yield stress and decreased ductility, often accompanied by plastic flow localization. Such effects limit the lifetime of pressure vessels in nuclear power plants, and constrain the choice of materials for fusion-based alternative energy sources. Although these phenomena have been known for many years, the underlying fundamental mechanisms and their relation to the irradiation field have not been clearly demonstrated. Here we use three-dimensional multiscale simulations of irradiated metals to reveal the mechanisms underlying plastic flow localization in defect-free channels. We observe dislocation pinning by irradiation-induced clusters of defects, subsequent unpinning as defects are absorbed by the dislocations, and cross-slip of the latter as the stress is increased. The width of the plastic flow channels is limited by the interaction among opposing dislocation dipole segments and the remaining defect clusters.     

钛铝合金中正常位错的特性

此研究探讨了钛铝合金中在没有超位错存在时的正常位错的特性。在少量塑性变形时,正常位错就发生缠结,正常位错对塑性变形贡献很少,大量的塑性变形主要靠孪晶过程,正因为如此,钛铝合金就容易产生脆性断裂。然而,γ钛铝合金中钛铝的原子百分数比却能改变位错的许多特性。     

微尺寸单晶金属应变突变现象的随机有限元分析

微米尺寸单晶柱体的压缩实验发现,在其塑性变形过程中应变会发生突变,致使塑性流动呈现明显的间歇性. 通过随机有限元方法,分析了微米尺寸和块体镍单晶柱体在混合加载方式下的间歇性塑性流动行为. 同时,结合镍单晶柱体的实验数据以及基于经典晶体塑性理论的有限元方法,对近期新建立的理论模型进行了分析研究. 结果表明:新理论模型能够捕捉应变突变的发生;对于块体材料,新模型计算结果与常规晶体塑性有限元结果以及实验结果均比较吻合;当单晶柱体尺寸减小至几十μm左右时,新模型预测结果仍然能够与实验结果保持一致;微柱体的塑性流动是通过一系列的应变突变行为实现的.     

Influence of reaction stresses induced by dislocation slips on the orientation evolution in bcc metals

A plastic deformation model for bcc metals is proposed in consideration of reaction stresses.The shear strains and the corresponding reaction stresses induced by the activation of dislocations are calculated in the model,which will influence the following dislocation activation.The rolling texture in bcc metals is simulated up tp 80% reduction,whille the ratio of critcal resolved shear stresses between the dislocations slippingon the {110}and{112}planes is chosen as 0.95.The corresponding calculation is also conducted with the activation of second dislocation,if the difference between the orientation factor of the two dislocations with maximal orientation factors is lower than 5%.It is shown that the simulated texture is closer to that of the 80% rolled interstitial free steels than other modeling.It is believed that the new model can give more attention to both of the strain and stress continuities during the plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals,and therefore approaches closer to the real deformation process in bcc metals.     

Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Super High-Speed Grinding of Ductile Material

This study aims to reduce the work-affected layer of the machined surface by carrying out the grinding at the speed over static pr o pagation speed of plastic wave of ductile materials and also aims to clarify suc h super high-speed machining mechanism.This paper reports on the result obtain ed through the molecular dynamics simulations and experiments on the super-spee d grinding below and beyond static propagation speed of aluminum.From the simul ation results,it is verified that the plastic deformation ...     

Striped iron zoning of olivine induced by dislocation creep in deformed peridotites.

Deformation of solid materials affects not only their microstructures, but also their microchemistries. Although chemical unmixing of initially homogeneous multicomponent solids is known to occur during deformation by diffusion creep, there has been no report on their chemical zoning due to deformation by dislocation creep, in either natural samples or laboratory experiments. Here we report striped iron zoning of olivine ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4) in deformed peridotites, where the iron concentration increases at subgrain boundaries composed of edge dislocations. We infer that this zoning is probably formed by alignment of edge dislocations dragging a so-called Cottrell 'atmosphere' of solute atoms (iron in this case) into subgrain boundaries during deformation of the olivine by dislocation creep. We have found that the iron zoning does not develop in laboratory experiments of high strain rates where dislocations move too fast to drag the Cottrell atmosphere. This phenomenon might have important implications for the generation of deep-focus earthquakes, as transformation of olivine to high-pressure phases preferentially occurs in high-iron regions, and therefore along subgrain boundaries which would be preferentially aligned in plastically deformed mantle peridotites.     

基于分子动力学的纳米压痕形变过程模拟

采用分子动力学方法模拟了金刚石压头压入Fe基体的纳米压痕全过程．研究了加载和卸载时基体的原子组态、载荷一位移曲线以及位错的发射和变化．分析了基体的塑性形变机理．发现压人深度为0．69nm时出现位错．随压入深度的增加位错长大成环,基体塑性形变加剧．卸载过程中位错环不断减小,当压头恢复到起始位置后,基体中心残留有位错环,产生了永久塑性形变,位错环的存在是基体产生永久塑性形变的关键因素．     

超塑性材料的单向拉伸均匀变形和颈缩速度的研究

均匀变形条件是超塑性材料迭到很高塑性的一个条件。文章用塑性基本理论导出幂硬化特性的在单向拉伸时均匀变形条件,它适用范围较广,幂硬化塑性材料的均匀变形条件是它的一个特例。从该均匀变形条件可以看到W.A.Backofen所提出的超塑性材料不可能有绝对意义上的均匀变形,但可以通过分析颈缩的速度和应变速率敏感性指数m来分析超塑性的高低。     

Deformation heterogeneity of Ti under cryogenic channel-die compression

Commercial purity Ti was subjected to channel die compression in liquid nitrogen for the purpose of studying its deformation characteristics from the viewpoint of the grain refinement induced by severe plastic deformation.Deformed specimens showed microstructural heterogeneity in that the initial blocky grains of about 50 urn in size turned into a mixture of the easily deforming soft grains and the hard grains revealing local concentration of dislocations and deformation twins.Using electron back scatter...     

冷连轧第5机架轧制力模型

在冷连轧轧制过程中,综合考虑轧件、轧辊的弹性变形和轧件的塑性变形,将轧件的受力变形区分为:入口弹性变形区、塑性变形区和出口弹性变形区·采用数值积分法,迭代计算入口弹性变形区和塑性变形区的轧制力,用出口区单位压力分布曲线围成的面积和轧件宽度的乘积近似计算出口弹性变形区的轧制力,两者求和即得到第5机架轧制力计算模型·用现场记录的不同钢种和规格的多组数据进行仿真计算,结果表明,该模型满足冷连轧生产轧制力预计算所需的精度要求·     

Texturing of the Earth's inner core by Maxwell stresses.

Elastic anisotropy in the Earth's inner core has been attributed to a preferred lattice orientation, which may be acquired during solidification of the inner core or developed subsequent to solidification as a result of plastic deformation. But solidification texturing alone cannot explain the observed depth dependence of anisotropy, and previous suggestions for possible deformation processes have all relied on radial flow, which is inhibited by thermal and chemical stratification. Here we investigate the development of anisotropy as the inner core deforms plastically under the influence of electromagnetic (Maxwell) shear stresses. We estimate the flow caused by a representative magnetic field using polycrystal plasticity simulations for epsilon-iron, where the imposed deformation is accommodated by basal and prismatic slip. We find that individual grains in an initially random polycrystal become preferentially oriented with their c axes parallel to the equatorial plane. This pattern is accentuated if deformation is accompanied by recrystallization. Using the single-crystal elastic properties of epsilon-iron at core pressure and temperature, we average over the simulated orientation distribution to obtain a pattern of elastic anisotropy which is similar to that observed seismologically.     

双相纳米结构CuZr合金力学行为的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了在拉伸载荷作用下,晶粒尺寸对纳米多晶Cu和双相纳米结构CuZr复合材料塑性变形机制的影响.研究结果表明,小晶粒尺寸的纳米多晶Cu的变形机制以晶粒旋转以及晶界迁移为主,并伴随着少量位错的成核与滑移.晶粒尺寸较大的纳米多晶Cu的塑性变形机制则以裂纹的成核与生长为主.对于双相纳米结构Cu/CuZr复合材料,非晶相的塑性变形在复合材料的塑性变形过程中起主导作用,且这种现象与晶粒尺寸无关.此外,当晶粒尺寸增加到一定尺寸时,复合材料的晶界处也出现了晶界裂纹,但非晶相明显延缓和阻碍了裂纹的成核与扩展.研究表明非晶相的引入能有效提升纳米多晶Cu的塑性.     

变形晶粒三叉晶界迁移过程的晶体相场模拟

【目的】研究纳米多晶材料受力变形过程中微观结构(如内部晶界,位错等)的演化过程,揭示纳米多晶材料受应力作用的微观机理。【方法】通过晶体相场(Phase field crystal,PFC)模型,模拟多晶样品在外加应力作用下的变形过程,分析内部畸变能的变化情况。【结果】在外加双轴动态加载作用下,当应变较小时,样品中的晶粒没有发生较大的变形,以位错沿着晶界运动为主。随着应变的增加,样品开始出现晶粒旋转、晶粒吞并、大小角晶界迁移运动、三叉晶界发射和接收位错等现象。晶界释放位错有助于减少晶界表面能;吸收位错则增加了晶界表面能。【结论】晶体相场方法可以有效模拟多晶体材料塑性变形过程的微观结构演化。     

振动压实工艺压实能力与道路基层材料可压实性评价

采用传感器对振动成型基层材料的塑性变形、振动加速度和压实力进行了采集.通过振动三参数对振动压实工艺输出能量的分析,定义了评价振动压实工艺压实能力的评价参数——激振强度;通过对基层材料振动压实塑性变形曲线的分析,定义了被压材料可压实性评价参数——可压实性系数;对典型道路材料的可压实性进行了对比研究.结果表明,在压实效果的影响上,当激振强度大于3.5时,振动压实工艺才具有较强的压实能力;材料的振动压实塑性变形与振动时间呈对数关系,在振动压实50 s后,塑性变形处于稳定状态;在材料可压实性方面,沥青混合料的可压实性最差,二灰结合料可压实性最好,基层材料的可压实性基本处于同一水平.研究结果还表明,用振动压实工艺单位时间内输出的能量和道路材料产生单位塑性变形所需的压实应力,来评价振动工艺的压实能力与被压材料可压实性是合理的.     

切削大塑性变形制备纳米材料

长期以来，切屑都被看成是金属切削过程中产生的废物。最新研究表明在一定切削条件下形成的切屑几乎全部为纳米结构材料。首先分析了切削加工中材料的塑性变形特征，然后将切削大塑性变形制备纳米结构材料工艺与其他传统的剧烈塑性变形工艺进行比较，发现切削法具有工艺简单，价格低廉，生产效率高，对高强度材料同样适用等优点，同时还可以减少切屑回收过程对环境造成的污染。