上海市11种常规粳稻抗稻瘟病基因分子标记检测

利用分子标记检测技术,对9种参加2020年上海市水稻区域试验的品种和2种本课题组新培育的新品系的共10个抗稻瘟病基因位点进行了检测.结果显示,Pi37,Pi41,Pi-d23个基因在11种水稻中出现的频率达100％,Pi2,Pi5,Pi9,Pi36,Pikm和Pib抗性基因在11种水稻中出现的频率分别为18.18％,9...     

Blast fungus-induction and developmental and tissue-specific expression of a rice P450<Emphasis Type="Italic">CYP72A</Emphasis> gene cluster

Cytochrome P450 gene superfamily is widely involved in diverse processes of plant development and environmental responses including defense response to pathogens.We previously isolated a rice cDNA fragment in a DD-PCR screening for blast fungus-induced genes. In the current study, we isolated a CYP72A gene cluster consisting of 7 P450 CYP72A genes (CYP72A17-23) with the conserved cDNA sequence through the public rice genome data. There are total 14 putative CYP72A members in the rice genome, with high diversity at N-terminal sequences while high homology at C-terminal sequences of those 14 putative proteins. We analyzed expression profiles of the cloned 7 CYP72A genes during pathogen infection and development. The results showed that expression of CYP72A18, 19, 22 and 23 was differentially regulated in the incompatible and compatible interactions between rice and blast fungus. Except CYP72A20, a pseudogene, other 6 CYP72A genes also exhibited temporal and spatial expression patterns, respectively.These findings provide fundamental data for rice P450 gene function analysis.     

水稻幼苗叶片应答稻瘟病侵染的差异蛋白谱分析

为了探讨水稻感病基因型种质响应稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质表达谱的变化规律和作用途径,以水稻感稻瘟病种质日本晴为材料,采用接种稻瘟病菌分生抱子悬浮液,24,48和72 h后提取叶片蛋白质,采用i TRAQ蛋白质组学技术研究稻瘟病胁迫下水稻叶片蛋白质组的变化.结果表明,稻瘟病侵染诱导了水稻幼苗叶片内涉及氧化还原平衡、防御、信号传导、糖和能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、光合作用,以及蛋白质代谢等代谢途径相关的53个蛋白质的表达量发生了改变.GO分析表明稻瘟病主要调控了植株体内细胞内平衡、代谢过程和蛋白质代谢等生物学过程.稻瘟病侵染激活了活性氧代谢、防御,以及热休克蛋白等相关的途径,而抑制了蛋白质生物合成过程.结合这些差异表达蛋白的丰度变化结合它们可能的功能,描绘了水稻应答稻瘟病侵染的蛋白质代谢网络,有助于在蛋白质水平上了解其应答过程.     

用抑制差减杂交技术分离烯丙异噻唑诱导水稻特异表达的基因

烯丙异噻唑(PBZ)处理水稻根能使其产生对稻瘟病的系统获得性抗性,因此在东南亚稻区被广泛用于防治稻瘟病,然而关于其作用的分子机理还知之甚少．运用抑制差减杂交技术,试图通过分离鉴定受PBZ诱导调控的关键基因,探索其作用的分子机理．以PBZ处理后的水稻叶片cDNA为目标群体(tester),以未处理水稻叶片cDNA为对照群体(driver),用经过对照cDNA差减的、烯丙异噻唑处理的cDNA群体构建了一个含260个重组子的差减文库．通过差示筛选鉴定出了26个。PBZ诱导水稻特异表达和增强表达的候选克隆．对26个cDNA克隆进行了双向测序和同源性比较,发现其中3个克隆：rJAB1,rTAB2和蛋白磷酸酯酶2Aδ调节亚基同型物基因,位于抗病相关信号转导途径上,它们与哺乳动物和人类免疫途径上的信号因子有明显相似之处,因此推断可能与诱导抗性有关．另外8个克隆与已知基因同源性为70％～99％．经Northern杂交分析,其中rJAB1(编码c-jun激活区结合蛋白1)受烯丙异噻唑和稻瘟菌诱导表达;膜糖蛋白同源基因及肌动蛋白(actin)α1受烯丙异噻唑诱导表达,部分克隆为低丰度转录本．     

低能离子束辐照诱导的水稻差异表达基因的调控网络研究

用基因芯片检测鉴定离子束辐照下水稻中的差异表达基因（DEGs）.结果共检测到26个上调和6个下调的差异表达基因.共表达网络分析（RiceNET）表明,这些基因都存在着直接或间接的互作网络,暗示水稻存在着以前没有充分认识的基因网络.为进一步研究植物应答离子束辐照候选基因提供了基础.     

Genetic and physical mapping of AvrPi7, a novel avirulence gene of Magnaporthe oryzae using physical position-ready markers

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. The avirulence gene corresponding to rice blast resistance gene Pi7 in field isolate CHL346 was inherited as a single gene, designated AvrPi7, in a segregating population consisting of 189 ascospore progenies derived from a cross between field isolates CHL346 and CHL42. In order to determine the chromosomal location of the AvrPi7 locus, a total of 121 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed based on the whole-genome sequence of reference isolate 70-15 of M. oryzae. Linkage analysis of the locus with these SSR markers showed that eight SSR markers on chromosome 1 were linked to the locus, among which the closest flanking markers MS1-9 and MS1-15 were 3.2 and 16.4 cM from the locus, respectively. For fine mapping, additional PCR-based makers including eight SSR markers and three candidate avirulence gene (CAG) markers were developed in the region flanking both markers. The AvrPi7 locus was genetically delimited within a 1.6-cM region flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22, and co-segregated with the marker CAG2. To construct a physical map of the AvrPi7 locus, molecular markers linked to the Avr gene were mapped on the supercontigs of the ref-erence isolate 70-15 through bioinformation analysis (BIA). Consequently, the AvrPi7 locus was delim-ited to a 75-kb interval flanked by markers MS1-21 and MS1-22 based on the reference sequence. Merodiploids observed in this study are also discussed.     

Analysis of rice blast resistance genes by QTL mapping

Resistance to rice blast pathogen mostly shows a quantitative trait controlled by several minor genes. Its complexity and the mutable characteristic of rice blast isolates both hinder the development of the blast resistance research. The article here tried to explore the resistance gene distribution on rice chromosomes and the way of function. Totally 124 QTLs have been identified against 20 isolates using Cartographer software with a ZYQ8/JX17 DH population, which separately are at 100 loci of 72 marker intervals on 12 rice chromosomes. Of them, 16 QTLs were determined by the isolate HB-97-36-1. 82 QTLs (66.13%) are from the resistant parent alleles, ZYQ8, while 42 QTLs (33.87%) are from the susceptible parent alleles, JX17. In comparison of their positions on chromosome, most QTLs are clustered together and distributed nearby the major genes especially the regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 10 and 12. Each QTL could account for the resistance variation between 3~2%-68.64%. And, a positional QTL might display the resistance to several different isolates with different contributions.     

乳腺癌-冠心病共享生物标志物筛选

运用生物信息学方法筛选乳腺癌-冠心病标志物,为乳腺癌诱发的冠心病治疗提供潜在的作用靶点.从基因表达数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)中下载乳腺癌和冠心病相关表达谱芯片数据,使用GEO2R筛选差异表达基因,依据Venn图交集获取差异共表达基因,通过DAVID网站进行基因功能注释(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)生物功能富集分析,STRING网站和Cytoscape 3.7.2软件进行蛋白互作分析.GE-PIA和Kaplan-Meier Plotter进行对乳腺癌患者hub基因mRNA表达水平和预后分析.结果表明:2个数据集筛选得到差异表达基因286个,基于在乳腺癌中mRNA显著性表达水平筛选出45个基因.GO功能富集分析发现差异表达基因主要在泛素蛋白转移酶活性、糖蛋白结合、泛素蛋白连接酶结合等生物学过程发挥作用.KEGG分析显示差异基因主要参与缝隙连接、肾素分泌、5-羟色胺能突触、谷氨酸能突触、血管平滑肌收缩、血小板活化、癌细胞蛋白多糖等多条信号通路.基因mRNA表达水平和预后分析显示NLN、POSTN、MAPT、MYO6、MAP1B、FBXO31、KIT、PIK3R1等8个与冠心病相关的hub基因参与乳腺癌的发生、发展过程.NLN、POSTN、MAPT、MYO6、MAP1B、FBXO31、KIT、PIK3R1可作为检测乳腺癌诱导冠心病的潜在标志物.     

分子标记辅助选育含有抗稻瘟病基因和软米基因两系不育系水稻新品系

以"浦软粳S"为转育亲本,利用分子标记辅助常规育种技术成功培育出含有Pi9,Pita,Pib和Pigm稻瘟病抗性基因及软米基因(Wx~(mq)),同时表现柱头外露率高的两系不育系水稻新品系"2179S"."2179S"不育系茎秆粗壮,矮杆大穗,株高为63.8 cm,柱头外露率平均为60%.研究结果为今后培育具有稻瘟病抗性的优质两系杂交水稻新组合提供不育系亲本.     

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达分析

为研究稻瘟病抗性基因Pi36的表达模式,利用半定量RT-PCR对抗病亲本Kasalath和感病亲本丽江新团黑谷(LTH)进行了接种前和接种后24 h和48 h的表达分析.结果表明:Pi36无论在接种前还是接种后以及无论在抗病亲本Kasalath还是感病亲本LTH中均有表达,并且各个时间段的表达量没有大的差别.由此说明,Pi36属于组成型而不是诱导型表达的基因.     

水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi-ta与Pi-ta2之间的关系

该研究以含抗稻瘟病基因pi-ta和pi-ta2的水稻品种Katy和Kaybonnet为供体亲本的4个F2群体(含2516个单株)为材料,利用已建立的pi-ta显性标记与pi-ta2微卫星标记进行分子检测,结果发现,所有含pi-ta基因的单株都具有pi-ta2,不含pi-ta基因的单株也无pi-ta2,这表明,这两个基因紧密连锁或等位;稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea)人工接种试验发现所有抗病单株都含pi-ta基因,而感病单株则无.由此表明,在含2516个单株的F2群体中没有发生抗病基因的重组,这进一步验证这两个抗病基因等位或紧密连锁.     

Obtaining transgenic rice resistant to rice fungal blast disease by controlled cell death strategy

The strategy of the two-component system,composed of Barnase and Barstar which encode RNase and a specific inhibitor to the RNase respectively, is adopted to obtain transgenic rice resistant to rice fungal blast disease. In this study, two chimeric promoters, induced by rice blast fungus pathogen (Magnaporthe grisea), are fused with Barnase respectively to construct two plant expression vectors, pWBNBS and pPBNBS together with the Barstar driven by CaMV 35S promoter. The resistance of the transgenic rice lines to rice blast fungus disease and rice blight disease are evaluated. The results show that (1) the expression of Barnase is induced in rice leaves when inoculated with the spores of Magnaporthe grisea; (2) the induced expression level of Barnase surpasses the level of Barstar, which elicits a similar hypersensitive response (HR) in the leaves, and the transgenic plant shows high resistance to the rice fungal blast disease; and (3) transgenic rice plants also show obvious resistance to rice bacterial blight disease. Taken together, these results suggest that the transgenic rice plants harboring this two-component system acquire relatively broad spectrum resistance against pathogens, especially high resistance to rice fungal pathogen.     

NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫下的高粱MAPKs基因家族表达模式

通过在全基因组水平上进行NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫下高粱MAPKs基因表达模式的研究, 探索高粱MAPKs基因在胁迫条件下参与信号传导的机理. 结果
表明, 从高粱基因组中鉴定出16个MAPKs基因, 命名为SbMPKs. 这些SbMPKs在NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫下的表达模式明显不同, 表明中性盐胁迫诱导的信号响应不同于碱性盐. 在NaCl胁迫下, 除了SbMPK13的表达量在12 h时达到最大值外, 所有高粱MAPKs基因在24 h内表达持续上调; 在Na2CO3胁迫下, 只有SbMPK3,SbMPK10和SbMPK13表达上调, 表明这3个基因可能与高粱碱性盐胁迫应答反应有关. 系统发育分析表明, SbMPK13属于C组MAPKs基因, 并且与水稻中受脱落酸（ABA）和盐胁迫诱导表达的OsMAPK2亲缘关系较近, 进一步证实了SbMPK13可能是参与高粱盐胁迫应答的重要调控基因.     

NO and H2O2 induced by Verticillium dahliae toxins and its influence on the expression of GST gene in cotton suspension cells

Nitric oxide （NO） and hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） have been shown to be important signaling molecules that participate in the regulation of several physiological processes. In particular, they have significant role in plant resistance to pathogens by contributing to induction defense genes. Here, whether NO and H2O2 participate in the resistance responses against Verticillium dahliae toxins （VD-toxins） and their effects on the expression of GSTgene are studied. The results reveal that NO and H2O2 are produced as part of a complex network of signals that respond to VD-toxins and may converge to function both synergistically and independently by inducing resistant responses. GSTgene is potentially involved in the resistance mechanism in the cotton suspension cells. NO induces the expression of GSTgene independently of H2O2. H2O2 may be a more potent signal in the resistance responses against VD-toxins.     

两个稻瘟病菌假想蛋白的纯化和特性分析

稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe Grisea)引起的水稻稻瘟病是世界水稻生产最具毁灭性的病害之一,也是研究植物与病原物相互作用分子机理的模式系统之一.真菌分泌蛋白由于其本身所具有的分泌特性极有可能成为被宿主植物识别的作用病菌分泌蛋白,该研究到目前为止还比较有限. 文章证明了稻瘟病菌分泌蛋白的存在并且检验了其中几个蛋白在其宿主植物水稻中的诱导因子作用. 通过同源基因的时空表达技术,表明分泌蛋白在稻瘟病菌中大量表达.其中两个在稻瘟病菌中的未知蛋白被测试出具有诱导因子作用.     

笠贝幼虫变态相关基因筛选及分子网络构建

利用NCBI在线数字化差异显示工具（Digital Differential Display）对笠贝(Lottia gigantea)EST数据库进行筛选,获得笠贝幼虫时期显著差异表达基因203个,其中124个基因有Blast2Go注释结果,这124个基因可以归类成细胞组分、分子功能和生物学过程三大类;参与MAPK、Ras、PI3K-Akt、Rap1、cAMP等信号通路;涉及能量代谢、免疫应激、细胞分化、神经发育、细胞骨架、信号传递等生物学过程.将获得的转录子运用Cytoscape软件构建分子相互作用网络,最终获得7个核心转录子.涉及到神经发育、次生壳形成等相关基因调控关系.