SnAgCu无铅钎料对接接头时效过程中IMC的生长

无铅钎料和铜基板间金属间化合物(Intermetallic Compounds,IMC)的生长对元器件的可靠性有重要影响.使用Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu无铅钎料焊接Cu对接接头,并对对接头进行了125、150和175℃时效试验,时效时间分别为0、24、72、144、256、400 h.采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱X射线(EDX)观察了Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu/Cu界面IMC的生长及形貌变化,并对Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu/Cu界面扩散常数和生长激活能进行了拟合.此外,研究了时效对钎焊接头抗拉强度的影响,发现在时效条件下接头的抗拉强度呈先上升后下降的变化,且时效会对断裂形式造成影响.     

无铅焊料合金的组织结构与性能

无铅焊料成为电子组装行业的主要焊接材料。在无铅焊料的发展过程中,各种各样的无铅焊料不断涌现,对于无铅焊料合金的组织结构特点和性能的了解就显的十分重要。本文就对几种主要的无铅焊料合金的组织结构和性能进行分析介绍。     

SnZn系无铅钎焊料的发展现状与展望

阐述了无铅焊料的发展过程,对Sn-Zn系无铅焊料发展现状及研究进行了介绍.详细分析了一些合金元素添加后对Sn-Zn系钎焊料的影响,同时叙述了对Sn-Zn焊料与Cu、Al、Ni材质基板之间的界面反应研究,并对Sn-Zn系钎焊料的研究及商业化应用进行了论述和展望.     

Sn-Ag-Cu和Sn-Ag-Bi焊料在Ni-P基板上焊点剪切强度的分析

采用改进的剪切强度测试方法,对Sn-Ag-Cu,Sn-Ag-Bi无铅焊料在Ni-P基板上的焊点,经0~1 000 h热时效后的剪切强度进行了测量,并对断裂面的微观结构进行了观察分析.结果表明焊点的剪切断裂位置与焊接界面金属间化合物(intermetallic compound,IMC)的厚度有关,随着IMC的增厚,前切断列的位置将逐渐接近于IMC与基板的界面;Sn-Ag-Bi焊点的剪切强度明显高于Sn-Ag-Cu,剪切断裂则更易于发生在IMC层中.     

TiAl金属间化合物的研究进展

综述了ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物的研究进展．介绍ＴｉＡｌ合金室温脆性的解决办法,对其制备和加工的新工艺进行分类评述,并从基础理论研究、制备与加工新技术、类单晶ＴｉＡｌ及ＴｉＡｌ基复合材料的研制等方面指出其今后的研究与开发动向．     

离子注入过程中金属间化合物的生长模型

给出了在离子注入过程中金属间化合物生长的一个数学模型。在准静态近似下,利用分区处理和引入快、慢变量的方法,给出了该模型的近似解。得到了生长速率与微缺密度、注量率、热发射率之间的定量关系。     

SnBi/Cu焊接接头的剪切性能及界面微观组织分析

通过对断口形貌和界面微观组织的观察分析,研究了3种Sn-Bi/Cu焊接接头的剪切断裂机理.结果表明:3种Sn-Bi/Cu焊接接头均在弹性变形阶段断裂,并且均沿Sn-Bi焊料/Cu基板界面处断裂.孔洞降低了3种Sn-Bi/Cu焊接接头的有效连接面积,从而降低了其剪切强度.根据3种Sn-Bi/Cu焊接接头断口形貌,Sn59.9Bi40Cu 0.1/Cu和Sn57.9Bi40Zn2Cu 0.1/Cu焊接接头剪切断裂机制属于准解理、沿晶脆性断裂和韧窝的混合型断裂,而Sn42Bi58/Cu焊接接头剪切断裂机制属于准解理断裂.微观组织分析显示,3种焊料合金焊接接头界面处的金属间化合物层均为连续的Cu₆Sn₅相.     

Abnormal growth of Ag_3Sn intermetallic compounds in Sn-Ag lead-free solder

Tin-lead solders have been used for some 2000 years and applied widely in the assembly of modern elec-tronic circuits. However, Pb is harmful to the nervous system of human beings and hazardous to the environ-ment. The European Union directive on waste el…     

Abnormal growth of Ag3Sn intermetalUc compounds in Sn-Ag lead-free solder

The abnormal growth of Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds in eutectic Sn-3.5% Ag solder was investigated through high-temperature aging treatment. Microstructural evolutions of this solder before and after the aging treatment were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Precise differential thermal analysis was made to study the changes in enthalpies of the solder under different conditions. The results reveal that the water-cooled solder is in metastable thermodynamic state due to the high free energy of Ag3Sn nanoparticles, which sporadically distribute in the matrix as second-phase. The second-phase Ag3Sn nanoparticles aggregate rapidly and grow to form bulk intermetallic compounds due to the migration of grain boundary between primary Sn-rich phase and the Ag3Sn nanoparticles during high temperature aging treatment.     

Effects of nano-sized Ag reinforcing particulates on the microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu solder joints

Composite solders were prepared by mechanically dispersing different volumes of nano-sized Ag particles into the Sn-0.7Cu eutectic solder. The effects of Ag particle addition on the microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu solder joints were investigated. Besides, the effects of isothermal aging on the microstructural evolution in the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer of the Sn-0.7Cu solder and the composite solder reinforced with 1vol% Ag particles were analyzed, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the growth rate of the interfacial IMC layer in the Ag particles reinforced composite solder joint is much lower than that in the Sn-0.7Cu solder joint during isothermal aging. The Ag particles reinforced composite solder joint exhibits much lower layer-growth coefficient for the growth of the IMC layer than the corresponding solder joint.     

Characterization of Cu3P phase in Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.5P/Cu solder joints

This article reports the effects of phosphorus addition on the melting behavior, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Sn3.0Ag0.SCu solder. The melting behavior of the solder alloys was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The interracial micro- structure and phase composition of solder/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Thermodynamics of Cu-P phase formation at the interface between Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.5P solder and the Cu substrate was characterized. The results indicate that P addition into Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder can change the microstructure and cause the appearance of rod-like CuaP phase which is distributed randomly in the solder bulk. The Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu0.5P joint shows a mixture of ductile and brittle fracture after shear test- ing. Meanwhile, the solidus temperature of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder is slightly enhanced with P addition.     

Interfacial intermetallic compound growth and shear strength of low-silver SnAgCuBiNi/Cu lead-free solder joints

The growth rule of the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) and the degradation of shear strength of Sn-0.8Ag-0.5Cu-2.0Bi-0.05Ni (SACBN)/Cu solder joints were investigated in comparison with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305)/Cu solder joints aging at 373, 403, and 438 K. The results show that (Cu_1?x,Ni_x)₆Sn₅ phase forms between the SACBN solder and Cu substrate during soldering. The interfacial IMC thickens constantly with the aging time increasing, and the higher the aging temperature, the faster the IMC layer grows. Compared with the SAC305/Cu couple, the SACBN/Cu couple exhibits a lower layer growth coefficient. The activation energies of IMC growth for SACBN/Cu and SAC305/Cu couples are 111.70 and 82.35 kJ/mol, respectively. In general, the shear strength of aged solder joints declines continuously. However, SACBN/Cu solder joints exhibit a better shear strength than SAC305/Cu solder joints.     

Sn-8Zn-3Bi-P无铅钎料微观组织及性能

研究了Sn-8Zn-3B i-xP钎料的抗氧化性、熔点、组织及力学性能.热重分析表明:P元素的加入显著降低了钎料熔体表面的氧化量;采用俄歇能谱分析氧化层的成分和厚度,发现含P的钎料表面形成的ZnO层厚度明显降低,约为80 nm;对合金进行差热分析发现少量P的加入并不改变钎料的熔点和熔程;P的加入对钎料合金的强度几乎没有影响,但却降低了合金的塑性,这是因为含P合金中有粗大的富Zn相形成,断口分析显示在Zn相与Sn相晶界上容易出现裂纹,从而导致钎料的塑性下降.     

SnAgNi钎料钎焊Ni镀层SiCp/Al复合材料的接头微观结构及剪切性能

采用Sn-2·5Ag-2·0Ni焊料钎焊了具有Ni(P)/Ni(B)和Ni(P)/Ni两种双镀层结构的SiCp/Al复合材料.结果表明,SnAgNi/Ni(B)/Ni(P)和SnAgNi/Ni/Ni(P)两种接头均生成唯一的金属间化合物Ni3Sn4.SnAgNi焊料与Ni(B)镀层之间的快速反应速度使Ni3Sn4金属间化合物具有高的生长速度.时效初期的SnAgNi/Ni/Ni(P)接头的剪切强度高于SnAgNi/Ni(B)/Ni(P)接头,但在250h时效后其剪切强度剧烈下降,低于SnAgNi/Ni(B)/Ni(P)接头.金属间化合物的生长及裂纹的形成是SnAgNi/Ni/Ni(P)接头失效的主要原因,而SnAgNi/Ni(B)/Ni(P)接头失效的主要原因是Ni(P)镀层中Ni原子的定向扩散使SiCp/Al复合材料与Ni(P)处产生孔洞.     

时效对无铅易切削Al-Cu合金的微观组织结构与性能的影响

采用力学性能测试、X射线物相分析、扫描电镜背散射和能谱分析、透射电子显微分析和金相实验方法,研究时效工艺对固溶-冷拉处理的Sn和Bi微合金化的无铅易切削Al-Cu合金棒材显微组织结构特征和力学性能的影响,并采用晶间腐蚀法研究合金的腐蚀性能。研究结果表明：合金最适宜的时效热处理工艺为160℃/6 h,在此工艺条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为473 MPa,391 MPa和11.2%。合金的物相组成为Al基固溶体,Al7Cu2Fe,CuAl2以及低熔点物质Bi,SnBi和Sn;合金的晶间腐蚀深度为0.4 mm,其综合性能与含铅2011合金的相当。     

Wetting behavior and interfacial characteristic of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy on Cu substrate

Wettability of molten Sn-Ag-Cu alloy on Cu substrate has been determined by sessile drop method, as well as its dependence on time and temperature. It was found that the evolution of contact angle at the alloy’s melting point experienced four different stages. Especially, the contact angle was unstable and fluctuant in stage II, and gradually decreased in stage III mainly due to a chemical reaction between Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and Cu substrate. The contact angle decreased with increasing temperature, but increased slightly at 629 K, for another chemical reaction occurred. Interfacial characteristic has been further investigated by examining the sample’s cross section. Intermetallic compounds of Cu6Sn5 and β-Sn phase were found at the interface of Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu.