采用氧化焙烧-酸浸法从高碳石煤中提钒试验研究

针对广西某难浸高碳石煤,比较相同焙烧和酸浸条件下静态焙烧矿和流态化焙烧矿钒的浸出率,优化流态化焙烧矿的酸浸条件。研究结果表明:流态化焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率比静态焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率平均高24%,所以,在相同焙烧温度、时间下流态化焙烧较静态焙烧更利于钒的浸出;在液固质量比为0.8:1.0,二氧化锰添加量为3%和氢氟酸添加量为2%的条件下,得最佳酸浸条件,即酸矿质量比为0.4:1.0,浸出温度为150℃,浸出时间为6 h,在此最佳酸浸条件下,钒浸出率可达88.26%。     

酸浸对钙化焙烧提钒工艺钒浸出率的影响

采用稀硫酸浸出法提取钙化焙烧后钒渣中的钒,考察了浸出参数:物料粒度、体系pH值、浸出温度和时间、液固比(L/S)、搅拌速度对钒及杂质元素浸出率的影响.结果表明:物料粒度小于75μm时对提高钒浸出率影响较小;液固比从2∶1增加到7∶1,搅拌速度由100增加到500r/min时,钒浸出率增长幅度均低于3%;钒浸出率在浸出前15min内迅速升高,之后增长变缓;浸出体系pH值对钒及杂质浸出率影响显著,pH值为2~3时钒浸出率达90%,杂质元素Ca,Mn,Mg,Al,Si,P浸出率为10%~30%;在较佳浸出条件下:粒度96～75μm,pH值为25,温度55℃,时间30min,L/S为3,搅拌速度500r/min,钒浸出率超过91%.     

强化氧化对石煤钙化焙烧提钒的影响

研究石煤钙化焙烧参数对提钒效果的影响,确定合理的焙烧参数:当焙烧温度为950℃,焙烧时间3 h,碳酸钙添加量为质量分数6%时,石煤焙烧料中钒的浸出率为63%。在此基础上研究增强氧化对提钒效果的影响,比较通空气和添加MnO2这2种情况下提钒的效果。用化学物相分析和钒价态分析等技术探讨加强氧化提高钒浸出率的原因。空气通入速度为0.48 L/h时,钒的浸出率为69%;MnO2添加量(质量分数)为3%时,钒浸出率为68%。研究结果表明,加强氧化后矿石的结构被破坏,V5+含量提高,生成更多易溶于酸的钒酸钙类物质。     

无盐焙烧法提取石煤钒矿中V2O5新工艺研究

本实验主要采用无盐焙烧法对暮石煤钒矿石进行焙烧和浸出研究。在700-900℃高温下焙烧．然后用硫酸做浸出分解试羽,在80-90℃条件下从舍钒石煤矿石中钢得硫酸钒酰溶液（浸出液）,得到最佳焙烧和浸出工艺参数。     

碱法浸出石煤中的钒和硅

在石煤提钒工艺中,为了充分利用石煤中的有价元素硅,采用碱浸提钒工艺提取石煤中的钒和硅.经过预焙烧后,可以有效地破坏石煤结构,提高钒硅浸出率.在焙烧温度850℃、焙烧时间2h、浸出温度95℃、浸出时间4h、固液比(g∶mL)1∶1.4、矿碱质量比1.2∶1的条件下,钒的浸出率为86.6%,硅的浸出率为61.4%.     

钒离子指示电极在石煤焙烧料浸出动力学研究中的应用

以湘西吉首某地石煤矿为原料,在850℃焙烧6 h后,采用酸浸法从焙烧料提取钒,用钒离子指示电极在线跟踪石煤浸出过程中五价钒浓度的变化,研究浸出过程中的动力学;考察矿石粒径、pH值和浸出温度对浸出过程E--t曲线的影响.研究结果表明:钒离子指示电极电势测定结果受杂质Fe3+的影响很小,可以用于跟踪石煤焙烧料浸出过程中钒离子浓度的变化;硫酸浸出后,矿石粒度越小,溶液的酸度越大,浸出温度越高,五价钒离子越容易浸出.采用等高线法求算出石煤焙烧料浸出过程在高温段区的表观活化能Ea为1.56 kJ/mol,受扩散步骤控制;在低温段区的表观活化能Ea为3.99 kJ/mol,受化学反应步骤控制.     

石煤钠化焙烧料酸浸动力学

研究了石煤钠化焙烧料硫酸浸出过程中,浸出剂初始浓度、搅拌速度和浸出温度对浸出率的影响,并对浸出过程动力学进行了分析. 结果表明:浸出剂初始浓度和浸出温度对钒浸出率有显著影响,搅拌速度对钒浸出率影响不大;该浸出过程符合核收缩模型,与化学反应控制动力学方程式相吻合,浸出反应的表观活化能为50.88kJ·mol-1,浸出过程控制步骤为化学反应控制.     

从石煤酸浸液中萃取钒的工艺研究

研究了三正辛胺从石煤酸浸液中萃取钒的工艺过程 ,从萃取和反萃的 p H值、相比、有机相组成、澄清时间等方面进行了详细试验。研究表明 :用三正辛胺萃取钒时 ,其萃取率可达98%以上 ;而且易反萃 ,用 0 .5 M Na2 CO3反萃时 ,反萃率为 99.9%。经萃取后 ,浸出液中的钒可由每升几克富集到每升数十克以上 ,有利于后续的提钒工艺。     

氧化钙化焙烧法应用于从钒云母矿中提取钒的研究

本文介绍用氧化钙化焙烧法从钒云母矿中提取钒的试验研究,对焙烧、浸出、净化、沉钒过程中各影响因素进行了探讨。研究结果表明,用石灰和钒云母矿混合焙烧生成钒酸钙,然后用碳铵溶液浸出钒,提取率高达78%,工艺简单、可靠,并且对环境污染小,投资少,它不失为一种可取的提钒新方法。     

响应曲面法优化钒渣微波钙化焙烧提钒工艺

采用相应曲面法,建立钙化添加剂用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间与钒浸出率关系的数学模型,对钒渣微波钙化焙烧提钒工艺进行优化,并对试验结果的可靠性进行分析与验证。研究结果表明,采用响应曲面法优化钒渣微波钙化焙烧提钒工艺参数是可行的;微波钙化焙烧工艺参数对钒浸出率的影响从大到小依次为钙化添加剂用量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间;最佳焙烧参数为焙烧温度861.69℃、钙化添加剂用量1.02、焙烧时间106.31 min,此时钒的浸出率可达93.82%。     

Microemulsion leaching of vanadium from sodium-roasted vanadium slag by fusion of leaching and extraction processes

The fusion of the leaching and purification processes was realized by directly using microemulsion as the leaching agent. The bis-(2-ethyhexyl) phosphoric acid(DEHPA)/n-heptane/Na OH microemulsion system was established to directly leach vanadates from sodium-roasted vanadium slag. The effect of the leaching agent on the leaching efficiency was investigated, in addition to the molar ratio of H_2O/Na DEHP(W), DEHPA concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring time, and leaching temperature. In optimal situations, the vanadium leaching efficiency reaches 79.57%. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the leaching residue and the Raman spectrum of the microemulsion before and after leaching demonstrate the successful entry of vanadates from the sodium-roasted vanadium slag into the microemulsion. The proposed method successfully realizes the leaching and purification of vanadates in one step, thereby greatly reducing production costs and environmental pollution. It also offers a new way to achieve the green recovery of valuable metals from solid resources.     

Recovery of vanadium and molybdenum from spent petrochemical catalyst by microwave-assisted leaching

The study of the leaching of vanadium(V) and molybdenum(Mo) from spent petrochemical catalysts in sodium hydroxide(NaO H) medium was performed using two approaches, namely, conventional leaching and microwave-assisted leaching methods. The influence of microwave power, leaching time, leaching temperature, and NaOH concentration on the leaching efficiency of spent petrochemical catalyst was investigated. Under microwave-assisted conditions(600 W, 10 min, 90°C, 2.0 mol·L~(-1) NaOH, and 0.20 g·mL~(-1) solid–liquid ratio), the leaching efficiencies of V and Mo reached 94.35% and 96.23%, respectively. It has been confirmed that microwave energy has considerable potential to enhance the efficiency of the leaching process and reduce the leaching time. It is suggested that the enhancement of the leaching efficiencies of V and Mo can be attributed to the existence of a thermal gradient between solid and liquid and the generation of cracks on the mineral surface.     

Synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and CaF_2 on vanadium leaching

The effect and mechanism of microwave irradiation on vanadium leaching were studied via a comparison between microwave heating and conventional heating. The results show a synergistic effect of microwave irradiation and calcium fluoride(Ca F_2) on the vanadium leaching efficiency. It is confirmed that the vanadium leaching process can be improved by microwave irradiation when Ca F_2 is present. The leaching rate of vanadium under microwave irradiation is increased by 8%–15% when 5wt% Ca F_2 is added; by contrast,in the absence of Ca F_2,the leaching rate is almost unaffected compared to that by conventional heating. Morphological analysis reveals that the particles are gradually eroded by acid under microwave irradiation,whereas some of the fine particles in samples subjected to conventional heating are tightly covered by a flocculent silicate product. Moreover,a large amount of Al and V and a small amount of Si are dissolved from samples under microwave heating,as revealed by the elemental analysis of leachates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis also indicates a higher mass transfer coefficient in the diffusion layer of the raw material by microwave irradiation. When Ca F_2 is present,the reaction energy barrier is lowered and the leaching process is controlled by the tightly covered product layer,resulting in a prominent effect of microwave irradiation.     

煤矸石淋溶重金属运移过程的水动力学模型及应用

通过分析重金属污染物在地下环境系统中迁移转化特征，建立了包气带土壤水分运移模型和重金属污染物传输耦合数学模型，并分别采用隐式差分和算子劈裂方法对模型进行数值求解。数值模拟结果表明：重金属镉在地下环境系统中的浓度范围将沿地下水水流方向逐渐扩展，同一点位的浓度值呈逐渐增大的趋势，并且粘性土壤比砂性土壤对重金属具有较强的截留能力。这不仅为煤矸石在地下环境系统中迁移的动态规律，预测煤矸石堆放在周围可能造成的污染规律和污染程度提供理论指导，而且还可为对矿区开采前的规划与管理以及环境评价提供决策依据。     

影响石煤球团造球工艺因素分析

根据在实验室造球过程中的实际情况,分析了影响造球的钒矿粉的天然性质,添加剂粒度、添加剂湿度,原料湿度、粒度,造球过程的加水、加料方法,造球机的转速和倾角,造球时间等影响因素;找到了钒矿粉最佳粒度,最佳水分值;发现了造球机的工作效率正比于造球机的转速和倾角的规律,为下一个工艺流程暨球团焙烧提供合格的生球.     

浸取-萃取联合法从废钒催化剂中回收钒的研究

浸取-萃取联合法(Leachex)是一种将浸取和萃取合成一步,以处理矿物等的新方法。作者研究了各种因素对钒萃取的影响,其最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃;分解介质盐酸的初始浓度8M;萃取剂组成80%TBP-20%磺化煤油;相比(固相:水相:有机相)=3(kg):50(1):50(1);转速240 r/min。采用不同酸度的反萃液分离负载有机相中的钒、铁和砷。Leachex法从废钒催化剂中回收钒的过程具有流程短,设备简单,反应速度快,有机相用量少,钒的回收率高等优点。     

提高块煤率的技术方案研究

为了提高块煤率的技术方案研究，分析了影响块煤率的因素，提出炮孔深度、炮孔间距、14、抵抗线、药包直径、炮孔装药量、爆孔布置、合理的间隔时间与起爆方式选择等的合理设计是影响块煤率的关键。同时提出了这些参数的确定方法，得出了采用小药卷，控制眼距和爆破微差时间是提高爆破块率的主要途径。从而为提高煤块率的参数优化提供了了一种切实可行的研究方法。