青海藏族中学生视觉识别敏度差异的研究

为验证人类是否因使用的语言文字的不同而造成视觉识别敏度的差异,采用二维隐匿图形视觉搜索实验对青海部分藏族学生进行了视觉识别敏度的测试,经统计分析并与汉族和维吾尔族同年学生比较结果表明:(1)使用的语言文字的不同对藏族视觉识别敏度的影响不是太大.(2)在相同的教育背景下,图像识别反应时间具有明显的性别上的差异.(3)在相同的教育背景下,黑白正像图形与斜像图形的识别反应时间没有明显的差异.(4)在相同的教育背景下,黑白和彩色图像识别反应时间具有明显的差异.     

黄种人与白种人学生视觉识别敏度差异的比较

采用二维隐匿图形视觉搜索实验,对中国大学生和使用拉丁语系外国留学生进行了视觉识别敏度的测试．结果分析表明：（1）中国学生和外国留学生因语言文字系别不同,所造成的视觉图形识别敏度差异显著;（2）视觉识别敏度不具有明显的性别差异;（3）中国学生和外国留学生在正像识别中的差异显著,而在斜像识别中的差异不显著,说明中国学生和外国留学生的心理旋转能力没有明显差异．     

视觉导航的多尺度全方位时空图象综合理解方法

本文提出基于全方位时空图象的多尺度视觉导航方法。其基本思想是根据具体视觉任务（道路识别、障碍物检测和全局定位）的要求，采用不同时空尺度的视觉传感器和处理方法，将空域大尺度的全方位“环视”，小尺度的双目“注视”和时域大尺度的时空“远视”相结合，综合完成道路图象的理解。设计了适于机器处理的特殊传感器和快速有效的处理方法，并利用图象级的不变性避免了困难的图象分割和三维恢复。     

机器人视觉光电混合处理系统的人脸识别

划分了联合变换相关器（JTC）光电混合处理系统的视觉层次，构建多级仿真目标以模拟难易不同的机器人视觉目标，将机器人视觉预处理方法与JTC相结合，用基于频域法预处理的非线性二元JTC对功率谱行二值化，解决图象本身及其边缘均相类似人脸的识别问题，从仿真结果看，取得了一定识别效果。     

数字图象中圆形物体的识别及其应用

本文针对含圆形物体的一类数字图象,提出一种采用圆弧法线参数回归方法的快速处理识别算法。该方法对圆形图案和物体等图象进行处理,识别圆心位置和半径尺寸,获得满意的实验效果,并在新日铁的机器人视觉系统中用于识别带钢卷。     

基于计算机视觉的动目标图象分割与跟踪

研制了一种能够实现动目标图象分割、识别与跟踪的简易计算机视觉系统。实验结果与分析表明：该系统在图象分割实时性、动目标跟踪精确性、抗干扰性及快速灵活性等方面颇具特色。     

图象及机器视觉技术在作物科学中的应用进展

从作物的生长信息监测、产品外观品质检测与分级、产品收获与加工及病虫草害识别等四个方面回顾了计算机图象技术及机器视觉技术在作物领域的应用研究进展，包括图象处理与分析、机器视觉技术在应用发展过程中的方法探索与思路的演变，并对今后的发展做了展望。     

基于TMS320DSP的装配视觉检测系统

讨论了基于ＴＭＳ３２０２０ＤＳＰ的装配视觉检测系统的组成、工件识别方案及工件图象的处理方法。     

在印鉴识别中的配准方法

提出了在中文印鉴识别中两幅印鉴图象的配准方法．它包括对印鉴图象的预处理，该方法在保留图象边缘的同时对图象进行了平滑处理，利用聚类算法提取标准和待识别印鉴的特征点集，依据最小均方差变换实现两个点模式的匹配．通过实验获得了两幅印鉴图象的高精度配准结果．     

细胞图象处理的技术与方法

医学上显微细胞图象的识别是医疗诊断的重要依据。本文根据细胞图象的特点，给出了一种细胞图象识别系统的总体设计方案，讨论了细胞图象的灰度变换、直方图修整、伪彩色增强、噪声滤除等增显技术，细胞图象的特征抽取及其描述方法，给出了细胞图象的识别和理解系列的模型。     

河南师范大学1982级学生四年来视力变化的研究

河南师大1982级学生在校学习四年后,视力低下的人数和眼数均大幅度地增加;同时,轻度视力低下的人数减少,中度和重度视力低下的人数增多。考研究生的男生视力低下的人数比未考研究生的多一倍多。体育系学生的视力比较稳定。造成学生视力下降的主要因素有视近时间过长、视远时间少,教室(特别是黑板)照明条件差以及不注意用眼卫生等。     

新乡师院学生视力状况的研究

在我院所测的948名大学生中,视力低下的占39.1%,其中96.9%为近视。外语系视力低下的高达53.5%,且多为重度视力低下。该系优等视力最少。生物系女生视力低下率也高达51.4%。体育系学生视力低下的最少,且多为轻度视力低下,优等视力最多。1981级学生人学一年来,视力低下率由人学前的21.6%上升为40.9%,几乎增加了90%。此外,随着年级的升高,学生的视力减退程度也日盖加深。这一切都说明我院学生的视力减退是比较严重的.造成学生视力下降的主要因素有学习负担重,照明条件差和不注意用眼卫生等。本文最后提出了保护学生视力的几项建议。     

河南师大八九级普系本科学生视力状况的研究

共测我校八九级普系本科生916人,视力低下者占71.3%。其中女生视力低下率明显高于男生,为74.8%。入校时城市学生较农村学生视力低下率高11.8%。经过将近两年的大学学习后,农村学生较城市学生视力低下的增长率快5.5%。文科系学生视力低下率高于理科达78.9%,且重度视力低下眼数明显高于轻度视力低下眼数。这表明我校八九级普系本科学生视力减退严重,应引起有关方面注意。     

影响LASIK手术前后眼压和眼压差的因素

目的:探讨准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)手术前后眼压和眼压差的影响因素。方法:对271例行LASIK治疗且资料完整的近视眼患者进行研究,分析患者的性别、眼别、年龄、裸眼视力、术前眼压、近视度、散光度、术前中央角膜厚度和术中角膜切削厚度对LASIK术后眼压和手术前后眼压差的影响。结果:单因素相关分析表明LASIK术后眼压与性别、术前眼压、角膜切削厚度、裸眼视力和近视度呈显著性相关,而多因素分析仅发现前4项与其显著相关,其中术前眼压是最重要的相关因子。而单因素分析发现LASIK手术前后眼压差与性别、角膜切削厚度、术前视力、近视度和中央角膜厚度呈显著性相关,多因素分析则仅前2项和中央角膜厚度与其显著相关,其中角膜切削厚度是最重要的预测因子。结论:术前眼压,而不是中央角膜厚度是预测LASIK术后眼压最重要的因素。而性别和角膜切削厚度是术后眼压和手术前后眼压差的共同影响因素。     

女性主义视阈下的学校教育摭谈

在女性主义视闽下，学校教育过程中，课程（学科）、教材、教学中教师的行为等方面存在着大量的性别歧视现象，应采取积极有效的措施来消解男性中心，实现男女平等。     

Motion-deblurring in human vision

If photographs are taken of moving objects at slow shutter speeds the images of the objects are blurred. In human vision, however, we are not normally conscious of blur from moving objects despite the fact that the temporal response of the photoreceptors is sluggish. It has been suggested that there are motion-deblurring mechanisms specifically to aid the visual system in the analysis of the shape of retinally moving targets. Models of motion deblurring have been influenced by the finding that certain very precise spatial pattern discriminations are unaffected by motion. An example is vernier hyperacuity, in which the observer must detect the direction of offset between two lines with abutting ends. With a stationary stimulus, observers can detect a vernier cue of less than 10 arcsec and acuity is unaffected by retinal-image motion of up to 3 deg s-1 We confirm this finding, but provide evidence against any general deblurring mechanism by showing that another kind of hyperacuity, discrimination of the distance between two parallel lines (spatial interval acuity), is interfered with by motion. This argues against a general deblurring mechanism, such as a neural network 'shifter circuit', and we point out that the high level of vernier acuity for moving stimuli is susceptible to an alternative explanation.     

Visual discrimination of target displacement remains after damage to the striate cortex in humans

Damage to the striate cortex usually causes blindness in those regions of the visual field which map to the area of neural damage. Nonetheless, there are reports that some patients with such damage can localize and perform certain visual discriminations between light stimuli presented within the 'blind' area of the visual field. Experiments on animals with different brain areas ablated suggest that visual function is served by two principal projection pathways from the retina. That to the striate cortex is primarily responsible for fine discrimination between stimulus parameters such as colour and spatial pattern, whereas that to the superior colliculus in the midbrain is responsible for visual localization of stimuli. The residual visual functions in patients with cortical damage are usually attributed to the non-striate retinal projection to the superior colliculus. We now present measurements of spatial discrimination in two observers with large visual field defects (scotomata) caused by damage to the striate cortical region. Both exhibit a near normal ability to discriminate displacements of targets when two lights are flashed sequentially in their defective visual field, but they are unable to discriminate spatial pattern or size. We argue that these results are consistent with the 'two visual systems' interpretation of ablation studies on non-human species.     

Adaptive Rendering Based on Visual Acuity Equations

A new method of adaptable rendering for interaction in Virtual Environment(VE) through different visual acuity equations is proposed. An acuity factor equation of luminance vision is first given. Secondly, five equations which calculate the visual acuity through visual acuity factors are presented, and adaptive rendering strategy based on different visual acuity equations is given. The VE system may select one of them on the basis of the host's load, hereby select LOD for each model which would be rendered. A coarser LOD is selected where the visual acuity is lower, and a better LOD is used where it is higher. This method is tested through experiments and the experimental results show that it is effective.     

Involvement of visual cortex in tactile discrimination of orientation.

The primary sense modalities (vision, touch and so on) are generally thought of as distinct. However, visual imagery is implicated in the normal tactile perception of some object properties, such as orientation, shape and size. Furthermore, certain tactile tasks, such as discrimination of grating orientation and object recognition, are associated with activity in areas of visual cortex. Here we show that disrupting function of the occipital cortex using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interferes with the tactile discrimination of grating orientation. The specificity of this effect is illustrated by its time course and spatial restriction over the scalp, and by the failure of occipital TMS to affect either detection of an electrical stimulus applied to the fingerpad or tactile discrimination of grating texture. In contrast, TMS over the somatosensory cortex blocked discrimination of grating texture as well as orientation. We also report that, during tactile discrimination of grating orientation, an evoked potential is recorded over posterior scalp regions with a latency corresponding to the peak of the TMS interference effect (about 180 ms). The findings indicate that visual cortex is closely involved in tactile discrimination of orientation. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that visual cortical processing is necessary for normal tactile perception.     

思利巴治疗难治性弱视的初步观察

为探讨口服思利巴治疗难治性弱视的疗效,选择11例5～12岁难治性弱视儿童口服思利巴作为治疗组,14例相同年龄段儿童作为对照组.治疗组连续口服思利巴60d,2组儿童每隔15d复诊视力,并对2组视力情况及治疗组服药前后的视力进行统计学比较.结果表明:口服思利巴后视力改善,2组在统计学上有显著性差异(P＜0.05).思利巴可改善难治性弱视儿童的视力,6岁以下儿童口服125mg/次,bid,7岁以上儿童口服250mg/次,bid,其剂量是适宜、安全的.