时间敏感下供应链研发决策优化研究

一个单一零部件供应商(CS)和一个总装制造商(AM)构成一个制造供应链,双方合作研发一种处于成长期的产品,在新产品的上市时间不仅影响产品的市场需求、产品的市场价格,还影响产品的研发成本的情况下,研究供应链整体的最优响应策略,以及分散决策下供应链的协调问题.通过比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链上各企业的利润,提出了价格补贴策略,用博弈论的方法探讨了博弈均衡存在的条件,并得到了可以实现供应链Pareto改进的有效研发合作方案.最后结合一个汽车行业供应链实例进行了数值分析,进一步验证了研究结论的正确性.     

需求确定时两级供应链库存控制的多准则交互式优化算法

介绍了需求确定的情况下两级供应链库存控制的一种交互协作的最优化算法．该算法将供应链上的库存控制视为多准则问题,进而实现了供应链多准则问题的一种既对供应链有效又对供应链上每个企业有效的优化方案．     

均值-方差结构下考虑缺货成本的收益共享契约机制研究

缺货成本在供应链实际管理过程中发挥重要作用,然而在供应链模型分析中缺货成本却经常被忽略,基于此种情况,研究包含一个制造商和一个零售商的两级供应链收益共享契约机制,分析了缺货成本对风险规避的零售商最优订购量的影响,在收益共享系数提前确定的前提下,建立了集中决策下的均值-方差收益共享契约模型,结论表明：制造商作为零售商的协调者,可以通过选择最优批发价格,诱使零售商选择可以使整条供应链利润最大化的订购量,实现供应链协调,并且得出风险规避的零售商最优订购量不一定小于风险中性情况下的最优订购量,最后通过数值算例验证了这一结论并给出了结论成立满足的条件。     

需求和生产不确定下基于纳什讨价还价分析的供应链回购契约

研究具有一个制造商和一个零售商组成的二级供应链的协调问题,主要分析需求不确定情况下和生产不确定情况下,零售商和制造商如何决策使得供应链整体达到最优。首先对由制造商和零售商组成的二级供应链建立集中决策模型,为分散决策模型建立一个基准,然后通过斯坦伯格博弈建立分散决策模型,采用回购契约,结合纳什讨价还价分析,使得供应链各节点企业达到一个共赢局面。     

基于不同运输主体的非一体化供应链模型研究

研究了没有运输商和有运输商参与的两类非一体化供应链模型.首先,在没有运输商参与情况下,构建了零售商和制造商分别作为运输主体的非一体化供应链模型;其次,在有运输商参与的情况下,构建了零售商和制造商分别承担运输服务费用下的非一体化供应链模型;最后,通过对两类模型最优解的比较,分析了运输主体的不同和运输服务费用承担主体的不同对零售商、制造商以及供应链整体利润的影响.     

分销商信息私有时的库存合作契约设计

针对一个由一个供应商和一个分销商组成的二级供应链系统,当系统面对单品种的随机性外部需求时,首先分析了供应链不合作状态以及供应链联合最优状态下的成员的不同成本水平,并研究了信息对称情况下的合作契约;然后在分销商的存储费为不对称信息的情况下,分析了上述契约的局限性,并运用激励理论,提出激励供应链成员诚实申报信息的契约,实现了供应链系统的联合最优化．     

基于信息成本及激励的供应链弹性契约设计

为了解决供应链合作中信息成本较大情况下实现信息共享激励的供应链弹性契约设计问题,采用经济分析及数学建模方法,研究了供应链合作双方在信息共享条件与信息不共享条件下,确定了弹性契约参数对双方运作绩效的改进。结果表明:通过设计一个弹性数量契约,获取满意或最优的契约参数,实现信息成本在零售商和供应商之间合理分担,使得双方在信息共享的条件下获取的利益至少不低于在未实现信息共享下所获得的利益,实现双方利益的帕累托改善,并激励下游企业积极向上游企业共享需求信息。该研究对供应链契约设计与信息共享激励研究具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

限制贷款最低额度的零售商融资与订货决策

根据预付账款融资模型,构建了包含制造商(M)、零售商(R)双层结构,不考虑残次品率、库存成本和融资周期长短的简洁型的供应链决策模型。研究了在市场需求不确定、零售商资金不足的条件下,金融机构是否设置最低贷款额度限制两种情况下零售商的融资和订货决策;通过数值实验证明了在零售商不断积累自有资金的情况下,融资可以使得供应链更快实现最优产量,融资额度限制会适当延迟最优产量实现,而且融资能够使得供应链尽快达到最佳产量,有效满足消费者需求。     

IRP在非一体化供应链中的回购策略研究

文章研究了非一体化供应链环境下的库存路径问题,给出了基于随机需求的"一对多"2层供应链的回购模型;从供应商角度出发,分析了供应商在何种情况下应该采取回购策略,计算出此情况下的最优回购价格;利用遗传算法给出了供应商的路径运输方案,使得运输成本尽量小;算例结果表明,对于某种商品,是否采取回购策略与供应商的商品残值及供应商制定的批发价格有关,在零售商能够接受的范围内,批发价格越高,供应商获利越多.     

合作策略对供应链整体效益影响的量化研究

协同合作是供应链管理的内在要求和重要内容.对于由两个供应商和一个制造商组成的供应链模型,在确定型市场需求的情况下,利用博弈论和信息经济学的理论和方法,定量地研究和分析不同的合作定价方式对供应链及相关企业整体运作效益产生的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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