电弧喷涂防腐铝涂层耐蚀性能研究

利用电弧喷涂工艺在钢铁基体表面全部或部分地喷涂铝涂层,考察了涂层对裸露于腐蚀介质中钢材基体的防护作用,以失重法计算了静态腐蚀速度与动态腐蚀速度,并探讨了腐蚀机理.用扫描电镜(SEM)对铝涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察,并测定了涂层的孔隙率.研究结果表明,当腐蚀介质为NaCl溶液(其质量分数为5.0%)、实验温度为(50±1)℃、介质流速为1 m/s时,铝涂层的动态腐蚀速度为静态腐蚀速度的2倍.裸露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁面积增大,促使阴极去极化过程快速进行,腐蚀速度加快,涂层防护寿命缩短.涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及涂层表面上沉积的白锈具有阻碍铝作为阳极牺牲从而保护阴极的功效.涂层中的贯通孔隙对削弱铝涂层的防护作用,随腐蚀过程进行而逐步减弱.     

电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验 ,以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度 ,并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察 ,并对铝及铝锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析 ,采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明 ,在 3 %NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝锌涂层 ;其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝锌涂层。研究还表明 ,铝及铝锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面 ,还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料 ,有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中 ,将孔隙封闭。同时 ,有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层 ,其防腐效果更佳     

电弧喷涂铝及铝—锌涂层在动态腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性研究

对钢铁基体表面电弧喷涂铝及铝-锌涂层进行了动态腐蚀实验，以失质量法计算了腐蚀速度，并探讨了腐蚀机理。采用SEM对铝及铝—锌涂层腐蚀前后的外表形貌进行了观察，并对铝及铝—锌涂层表面进行了能谱分析，采用电化学系统测试了涂层的自腐蚀电位。实验结果表明，在3％NaCl水溶液中铝涂层的耐蚀性优于铝-锌涂层；其原因是铝涂层表面上氧化膜的自愈能力及自腐蚀电位高于铝-锌涂层。研究还表明，铝及铝—锌这些阳极涂层不仅能有效地保护它所覆盖的钢铁表面，还能保护暴露于腐蚀介质中的钢铁基体表面。在铝、铝—锌涂层上刷涂有机涂料，有机涂料能渗透到金属涂层的孔隙中，将孔隙封闭。同时，有机涂层和金属涂层能构成复合涂层，其防腐效果更佳。     

电弧喷涂铝涂层在海洋环境中的腐蚀机理

采用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备了铝涂层,并用完整涂层和局部破坏涂层两种试样进行室内模拟浸泡腐蚀实验,腐蚀介质为3.5%NaCl水溶液,流速为0.6m*s-1,实验温度为50±1*#℃. 结果表明:涂层局部破坏时的腐蚀速度与涂层完好时相差不大;铝涂层表面的均匀腐蚀并不严重,铝涂层的腐蚀主要是由于闭塞电池和活性-钝性腐蚀微电池的联合作用引起的局部腐蚀,主要类型为点蚀,且涂层层状剥落形成蚀坑;腐蚀介质到达基体时,将发生电偶腐蚀,铝涂层会作为牺牲阳极保护基体免受腐蚀.     

扫描Kelvin探针研究破损环氧涂层下碳钢的腐蚀行为

采用扫描Kelvin探针技术(SKP)对中性盐雾环境条件下破损环氧涂层的碳钢的腐蚀行为进行了研究.不同盐雾试验阶段的伏打电位变化规律的分析结果表明:环氧/碳钢涂层的缺陷为腐蚀介质提供了向碳钢基体传输的通道.破损处碳钢基体的电位比其邻近的膜下碳钢基体更负,成为阳极溶解发生区域.一定时间的盐雾试验后,破损处生成的未溶腐蚀产物可覆盖住裸露基体,使破损处向正的电位变化而成为阴极,而其附近的膜下碳钢基体电位变负而成为新的阳极区.同时,不断形成的新阴极和新阳极的电位差成为膜下腐蚀继续发展的驱动力.随着膜下腐蚀的进行,腐蚀介质和腐蚀产物在界面处大量聚集,破坏了环氧和碳钢基体的结合力,导致鼓泡和剥离现象的出现.     

反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层电化学腐蚀行为

利用电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法及扫描电镜(SEM)技术,研究了反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层在模拟海水中的电化学腐蚀行为. 研究结果表明:TiN涂层的自腐蚀电位高于基体,涂层对基体能起到良好的腐蚀屏蔽作用;腐蚀介质通过涂层的通孔、微裂纹等缺陷渗入涂层与基体的界面腐蚀基体,从而使涂层电阻下降、电容增加,所产生的腐蚀产物在一定程度上可以抑制腐蚀反应的进行,但不会阻止基体局部腐蚀的继续进行. 涂层的孔隙是造成涂层电化学腐蚀的主要原因.     

等离子喷涂搪瓷瓷釉涂层的耐腐蚀性能

通过添加改性剂改性瓷釉,采用等离子喷涂技术喷涂在Q235钢表面形成耐腐涂层,利用SEM等手段对其微观结构进行了分析和表征,用静态腐蚀实验和电化学腐蚀实验对涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,所有涂层在碱性溶液中都基本不腐蚀;所有涂层在酸性溶液中的腐蚀程度都比基体钢板小,且改性剂为NiO的涂层的耐酸腐蚀性能稍优于改性剂为TiO_2的涂层;涂层的耐电化学腐蚀能力要优于基体钢板,且添加NiO的涂层的耐电化学腐蚀性能稍优于添加TiO_2的涂层。搪瓷瓷釉涂层在一定程度上提高了基体钢板的耐腐蚀性能。     

高速火焰喷涂和气体爆燃喷涂铁铝涂层的比较

在 45 #钢基体上 ,采用高速火焰喷涂 (HVOF)法和气体爆燃喷涂法 (DGS) 2种不同的工艺方法 ,分别喷涂铁铝涂层 ,观察涂层的微观组织 ,并分析其相结构及截面组织的不同 .将 2种工艺条件下喷涂的铁铝涂层的试样浸入液态锌中 ,比较其耐液态锌腐蚀的性能 ,观察涂层与液态锌反应的断面形貌 .结果表明 ,DGS法喷涂铁铝层由FeAl和Fe4 Al13 组成 ,涂层的截面组织呈黑白相间的片层状 ;HVOF喷涂铁铝层的组织均匀 ,为大部分的FeAl相及少量Al2 O3 相 .Fe4 Al13 相的存在使DGS法喷涂铁铝层比HVOF喷涂的铁铝层更耐锌腐蚀     

喷涂铝覆盖层在实海浪花飞溅区的腐蚀行为

采用热喷涂工艺制备铝涂层,并对部分试样涂刷有机涂层(氯化橡胶面漆)进行封闭处理;通过外海现场挂片试验研究其防腐性能,并利用电子扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对涂层表面形貌及腐蚀产物进行观测分析.研究结果表明;喷铝涂层的结构以平行层面的层片形状为主,局部有不规则颗粒和条丝状体;喷铝涂层与基体相互间结合以机械咬合为主,有机层封闭喷铝涂层的孔隙和缺陷,有效隔绝腐蚀介质的侵入,起到了有效的防腐效果.     

不同pH值环境中镍铝青铜冷喷涂涂层腐蚀磨损性能

镍铝青铜合金是铸造大型舰艇螺旋桨的主要材料,海洋污损生物在合金表面附着引起的pH值变化会加速镍铝青铜合金的腐蚀磨损,威胁到舰艇安全航行.采用冷喷涂技术制备了较为致密的镍铝青铜涂层,厚度约300μm,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜观察了涂层的微观形貌,重点研究了涂层在pH值分别为3、7和11,质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀性能和腐蚀磨损行为.实验结果表明:pH值为3的环境中,镍铝青铜基体发生了选相腐蚀,表面疲劳裂纹主要分布在富Cu的α相上,涂层上的犁削沟槽加深发生了磨粒磨损,涂层耐腐蚀性能优于基体;pH值为7的环境中,基体发生了黏着磨损,表面有片层状金属剥落,涂层中的孔隙收容了大量磨屑避免了剧烈的三体摩擦,表面犁削沟槽较浅,涂层致钝电位高于基体,耐腐蚀性能变差.pH值为11的环境中,基体发生了表面疲劳磨损,涂层磨痕上有较深的犁削沟槽,沟槽内有微裂纹,涂层耐腐蚀性能优于基体.总体来说,在不同pH值环境中,涂层由于在冷喷涂过程中发生了冷加工硬化并且涂层上的孔隙收容了磨屑,导致涂层的耐腐蚀磨损性能增强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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