遮流板对CMT内蒸汽凝结影响的实验

为了延缓CMT内饱和蒸汽在过冷液面的凝结率，在CMT上部安装了遮流板，并对加装遮流板后蒸汽的凝结特性进行了实验研究。通过与无遮流板实验结果的比较，发现遮流板减缓了蒸汽对近液面层的扰动，减少了热水层的厚度，缩短了系统压力平衡时间，使实验初期水表面凝结换热系数降低了76％～92％。遮流板的使用可以有效提高反应堆非能动注水系统的安全性。     

板式换热器中蒸汽凝结换热特性

在板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热试验台上进行了实验研究,获取蒸汽完全凝结和部分凝结两种典型工况下的换热和压降特性．且就板式换热器中蒸汽凝结过程的换热进行分析和处理,得到了一个在板片槽道中蒸汽凝结换热系数关联式．并推荐用于板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热系数的计算．     

闭式两相热虹吸管冷却段内凝结换热特性的研究

研究在垂直布置闭式热虹吸管冷却段内两相流凝结换热特性。讨论了凝结换热系数的预报方法，提出了考虑上升蒸汽速率和液滴夹带现象后的凝结热换系数预报模型，计算表明这两种因素的影响是不容忽视的。     

立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器的数值计算

利用立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器之倾斜折流板的疏液强化凝结传热是一种创新的改进.以数值模拟的方式,研究立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器模型中倾斜折流板的疏液和螺旋通道内的流动汽液分离对凝结换热强化的影响.模拟结果表明,凝结换热效果随折流板倾斜角度减小而强化,且在含不凝性气体时,倾斜角为15°,25°和35°的3种三分螺旋折流板冷凝器方案和弓形折流板换热器方案比无折流板光管束Nusselt凝结模型方案的平均凝结换热系数分别高出89.7%,75.7%,58.2%和33.1%.     

存在温度梯度的竖直壁面Marangoni 凝结换热特性研究

对水-酒精混合蒸气在表面存在温度梯度的竖直壁面上的Marangoni凝结换热特性进行了实验研究,并观测了混合蒸气的凝结形态.实验结果表明:凝结表面不同位置的换热系数不同,温度梯度大的位置凝结换热系数较大;当酒精蒸气的质量分数wv=0.5%,1%时,凝结换热系数随过冷度单调减小;当wv≥2%时,凝结换热系数与过冷度的关系为含有最大值的非线性特性关系;在相同条件下,wv=1%时的凝结换热系数最高,wv=0.5%时的次之,wv≥2%以后,凝结换热系数随酒精含量的升高而减小.与仅由浓度梯度引起的Marangoni凝结相比,本实验中由浓度梯度和温度梯度共同驱动的凝结换热更强.初步的理论分析也表明,凝结表面上的浓度梯度和温度梯度共同作用使水-酒精凝结液表面的表面张力梯度增大,Marangoni对流加强,凝结换热进一步强化.     

闭式两相热虹吸管冷却段内凝结换热特性研究

研究在垂直布置闭式热虹吸管冷却段内两相流凝结换热特性，讨论了凝结换热系数的预报方法，提出了考虑上升蒸汽速度和液滴夹带现象后的凝结换热系数预报模型，计算表明这两种因素的影响是不容忽视的。     

三分螺旋折流板的疏液结构对立式冷凝器性能的影响

为了改进立式冷凝器的性能,对强化凝结传热性能的三分螺旋折流板疏液结构形式进行了试验研究.试验立式冷凝器采用公用壳体可置换芯体结构,比较分析了6件三分螺旋折流板芯体和1件弓形折流板芯体的壳侧凝结换热性能.结果表明:三分螺旋折流板立式冷凝器的壳侧换热系数是弓形折流板方案壳侧换热系数的1.48~2.65倍,其中最佳的双头变角度带挡液堰方案的壳侧换热系数比弓形折流板壳侧换热系数平均提高了144.4%;单头变角度方案壳侧换热系数比单头定角度方案壳侧换热系数平均提高25.47%;双头变角度方案壳侧换热系数比单头变角度方案壳侧换热系数平均提高15.74%;带挡液堰方案壳侧换热系数比不带挡液堰方案壳侧换热系数平均提高6.37%.     

燃气辐射管换热器的结构优化与数值模拟

为解决W型燃气辐射管换热器排烟温度高的问题,设计了三种改进换热器性能的结构,采用ANSYS FLUENT软件进行数值模拟,得到了不同结构换热器的性能参数,如烟气出口温度、空气预热温度、压力损失、各换热面换热量和有无折流板的热阻变化.结果表明,中心空气管由一根φ79 mm粗管改为六根φ33 mm细管后换热量增加了57.6%,增设烟气双行程后换热量提高20.7%.增设密封折流板和多孔折流板后换热量分别增加了5.7%和5.3%,空气和烟气之间的热阻都降低了20%左右.多孔折流板的烟气压力损失比密封折流板低47.4%.     

无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理

研究了无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理,由可视化实验推测其换热机理为液体沸腾换热和蒸汽对流换热,在碳钢-水径向热管实验中,所测管壁温度分布证实了以上推测的机理,由实验数据计算沸腾换热量,蒸汽对流换热系数随其流速变化而不断改变,推导出对流换热系数表达式。将换热系数表达式导入计算中,做为传热边界条件,模拟管壁温度以及蒸汽温度和流速。管壁温的计算结果与实验所测值能很好的吻合,这进一步验证了无吸液芯径向热管的传热机理。     

水-酒精混合蒸气在竖直管外凝结特性的研究

在低于大气压下,通过实验研究了水蒸气和不同酒精含量的水-酒精混合蒸气在竖直铜管外的凝结换热特性,同时记录了凝结状态.实验结果显示:在不同的酒精含量下,随着过冷度的变化,凝结换热系数均呈现出具有峰值的非线性变化特征;随着酒精含量的减少,凝结换热系数显著增大;当酒精的质量分数为1%时,凝结换热系数的峰值是相同条件下水蒸气凝结换热系数的9倍;当酒精的质量分数为50%时,凝结换热系数与相同条件下的水蒸气凝结换热系数相当.分析表明,凝结换热系数的非线性特征是由于凝结液热阻以及扩散热阻的复杂变化所引起的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that