基于OTDR的光纤液体泄漏检测的研究

通过应用光时域反射仪（OTDR)测量多模光纤（MMF）反射光强变化,提出一种检测液体泄漏的光纤传感器,并对其进行理论仿真和实验研究。众所周知,OTDR具有小巧、精密、智能化、便于移动的特点,能有效避免常规光纤传感器设备复杂笨重不可以移动的问题。使用一定溶度的氢氟酸（HF）溶液腐蚀多模光纤作为传感部件,易于设计和制作。当多模光纤的纤芯直径减小到一定程度时,将其暴露在空气或待测液体中。裸露的芯层周围介质折射率的变化,将会影响传感区域内光的模场分布,改变透射光的强度,故该结构可以有效检测环境中液体的泄漏。本文设计制作了两个远距离的光纤传感器。第一个传感器仅带有一个光纤传感结构。连接带有传感结构的长光纤和OTDR。设置OTDR的扫描脉宽30ns、扫描时间3min,光源的脉冲信号强度约为15dB、扫描距离5km。以水为检测对象。首先,将传感结构暴露在空气中,OTDR的反射曲线在检测处的损耗为2.893dB。当检测到水时,OTDR的反射曲线的损耗为0.631dB。因此,检测到水时,光损耗减小,反射光强变大。实验结果和仿真结果一致。第二个传感器是有两个传感结构的分布式复用传感器,将其检测两处的环境情况。两个传感结构都能很灵敏的检测出是否存在水,证明了传感器的复用特性。因此,该液体泄漏检测光纤传感器能够广泛应用于工程实践中。     

一种光纤固定接头接续损耗特性的研究

根据OTDR实验测试曲线和光场局域模式耦合理论，对自行研制的毛细管固定连接器的接续性能进行了分析研究，研究表明，毛细管壁与光纤包层间的缝隙必须控制在一定的范围内，才能保证较低的接续损耗。     

长周期光纤光栅的耦合特性及模拟分析

本文基于三层光纤模型和耦合模理论,数值计算了弱导阶跃单模光纤中写入的非倾斜均匀长周期光纤光栅对透射谱的影响.计算结果表明:随着长周期光纤光栅周期数的增加,透射谱损耗峰峰值变大,带宽减小;随着折射率调制的增大,透射谱损耗峰峰值变大,带宽减小,损耗峰向长波方向漂移;随着光栅周期的增大,损耗峰向长波方向漂移.     

浅谈用OTDR进行光缆线路的故障判断和定位

对OTDR故障曲线类型进行了阐述和分析，介绍了光纤线路故障判断和定位的方法．以及用OTDR提高定位精度的要领，以提高线路维护人员利用OTDR仪表判断和处理故障的能力。     

双向EDFA在长距离分布式光纤传感系统中的级联方案

长距离光纤传感中需要利用EDFA来实现光放大,降低光损耗,在某些需要光互易结构的特殊应用中,比如相位OTDR分布式光纤传感系统以及长距离基于Sagnac或Michelson结构的光纤传感系统中,还要求传感光纤线路上的EDFA可以进行双向的光放大.在长距离光纤传感过程中往往还需要级联多个双向EDFA,这会给系统调试带来复...     

光学衬底上微光纤的传输损耗

选择不同的光学衬底,采用纳米光纤锥直接耦合的方法,测量微光纤传输损耗与光学衬底之间的关系,分析损耗机制,探索降低损耗的有效方法.结果表明:放置于MgF2及CaF2光学衬底上的微光纤传输损耗明显高于悬置于空气中的损耗值;衬底的折射率越接近光纤的折射率,置于其上的微光纤传输损耗越大;在同一种光学衬底上,微光纤直径越大,其传输损耗越小;光学衬底的存在,使微光纤中光场能量中心向衬底方向偏移,增加了传输损耗;采用将微光纤部分悬空的方法可有效降低传输损耗.     

OTDR在光纤光缆测试中的应用

OTDR是光纤光缆测试的重要仪表,从事光缆施工和维护的人员正确使用和保养OTDR至关重要。介绍了OTDR的测试原理、特点、使用范围;着重介绍了OTDR可测试的参数及测试方法;特别介绍了其在光纤线路施工、维护中的应用和线路故障点的定位及保养常识。     

LOSS ANALYSIS OF THE SINGLE MODE ELLIPTIC CORE FIBER FUSED SPLICES

采用高斯近似和局域模式耦合理论，对阶跃折射率分布和抛物线折射率分布椭圆芯单模光纤熔接接头损耗进行了分析、计算和讨论．     

鱼跳电站混凝土面板裂缝的光纤监测分析

光纤传感技术监测混凝土面板裂缝，主要应用光纤的后向散射光或前向散射光损耗时域检测技术，通过显示损耗与光纤长度的关系，检测外界信号场分布于传感光纤上的扰动信号。分布式光纤传感技术在鱼跳电站混凝土面板坝石坝上的应用，首次进行了光纤与混凝土面板浇筑同期埋设新工艺的探索，通过后期监测部分虿果的分析，取得了较好的效果。显示了光纤传感技术在混凝土面板监测中的重要意义，为深入研究光纤传感技术提供了可喜的经验。     

自动光纤熔接机使用方法之探讨

作者以S175自动光纤熔接机为基础,从八个方面详细介绍了单模光纤的熔接过程,说明了自动光纤熔接机的正确使用方法,探讨了提高光纤熔接质量、减小光纤接头损耗的方法,在提高动手能力方面对学员强化训练做出尝试与探索。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with