荧光探针氨氯吡咪对DNA双链中单链断裂损伤的识别研究

将氨氯吡咪选择性地嵌入ds-DNA中单链断裂损伤所形成的缺口位点,并通过氢键与缺口位点处的碱基结合从而导致氨氯吡咪荧光猝灭,据此建立了荧光检测DNA单链断裂损伤的新方法.氨氯吡咪荧光的猝灭程度与缺口位点处碱基类型相关,当缺口位点处的碱基为T碱基时,荧光猝灭程度最大.荧光滴定实验表明氨氯吡咪和存在缺口位点的ds-DNA是1∶1结合,结合常数为105mol/L数量级.在正常ds-DNA和存在单链断裂损伤的ds-DNA的溶液中加入氨氯吡咪,在紫外灯照射下通过目视法即可分辨出二者荧光强度的不同.     

基于小波变换的蛋白质与DNA相互作用的计算机预测

蛋白质与DNA的相互作用在细胞的转录调控和DNA修饰等活动中至关重要.将改进的共鸣识别模型应用于预测酵母蛋白质与DNA的相互作用,运用小波变换找出阳性数据和随机数据的信噪比分布的差异,并通过阈值的选取达到了较好的预测结果.同时,将阳性数据与相应复合物的序列进行序列联配,找到了保守位点,进而从结合位点的角度验证了本方法的正确性.     

小鼠线粒体DNA中一个新的R-loop结构的发现

哺乳动物线粒体DNA的D-loop区是其复制和转录的起始区域,其中D-loop重链RNA(DH-RNA)与复制和转录功能密切相关.但轻链RNA(DL-RNA)被认为没有重要的功能,因此几乎没有有关D-loop区的轻链RNA的研究.文中研究发现一个DL-RNA存在于小鼠线粒体D-loop区.研究表明这个DL-RNA跨越了几乎整个D-loop区,并且能够耐受RNase A和RNase T1酶的切割,但对RNase H酶敏感.在这种RNA存在的情况下,D-loop的DNA不能被HaeⅢ酶切割.这些结果意味着新发现的DL-RNA能同D-loop区的DNA形成三链结构,并且能使其对应区域的DNA不被限制性内切酶消化.在以细胞色素b基因为对照的实验中没有发现类似的结构,证明这一结构不是RNA转录过程中形成的临时结构.考虑到D-loop区是线粒体DNA复制和转录的重要调控区,这个新奇的三链RNA-DNA复合物可能在线粒体DNA复制和转录中扮演了重要角色.     

DNA聚合与RNA转录联用分子机器的改进

建立了一个集成DNA聚合和RNA转录过程,能够重复产生RNA适体片段,并结合孔雀石绿产生荧光信号的分子机器,并探索了此分子机器在检测DNA方面的应用.转录产生的大量孔雀石绿适体序列被释放到溶液中,并可以与孔雀石绿结合产生荧光,实现信号的放大.85μL体系中的聚合转录的最适条件为：DNA聚合酶10 IU（0.118 IU·μL-1）,RNA聚合酶60 IU（0.706 IU·μL-1）,反应时间为3h.在上述条件下,荧光信号随着引发DNA用量的增加而增大.     

基于核酸序列依赖性扩增反应比色法检测沙门氏菌

本文以食源性致病菌中危害居于前列的沙门氏菌侵袭蛋白A基因作为检测靶标,通过改进传统的核酸序列依赖性扩增反应,开发了针对长链DNA的纳米金比色检测方法。本方法利用限制性内切酶和连接酶将T7启动子和终止子序列连接至靶标序列上,形成小型环状双链DNA,在T7 RNA聚合酶的作用下,转录出大量单链RNA序列进行NASBA反应,反应终产物能够促发纳米金探针发生交联聚集,溶液颜色从红色变成蓝色,从而实现对沙门氏菌的定量分析。     

卟啉衍生物TMPyP4与单链DNA的结合机理研究

通过圆二色谱、稳态吸收光谱、稳态荧光光谱和皮秒时间分辩荧光光谱研究了meso-四(4-(N-甲基吡啶基))卟啉(TMPyP4)与端粒DNA5′-TTAGGG-3′(S6)的结合机理.稳态光谱实验结果表明,在没有金属离子的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,S6DNA以单链的形式存在,TMPyP4与单链DNA的结合常数为1.51×106(mol/L)-1,饱和结合数为1.2.通过时间分辨荧光光谱对二者相互作用的机理进行了进一步研究,推测了TMPyP4与单链S6DNA之间的结合模式.     

转录辅助复合体SAGA成分蛋白作用的研究进展

真核细胞中承载基因的染色质是一种非常精密而严谨的结构.这种DNA高度压缩、复杂的染色质结构影响了转录因子和RNA聚合醇Ⅱ等基本转录机器结合到相应的DNA位点上.因此基因要转录激活就必须借助于转录辅助复合体消除染色质的结构抑.转录辅助复合体可以分为两类一类主要是利用水解ATP来改变核小体相对于DNA序列的缠绕方式及排列;另一类是通过对核心组蛋白进行共价修饰来改变核小体和DNA的结合能力.SAGA复合体属于后者,对红蛋白具有乙酰化的作用.酵母中的SAGA复合体是一个分子量为180万道尔顿的多功能蛋白复合体,本文将着重介绍SAGA复合体成分蛋白在真核生物基因转录起始中的作用.     

调节circRNA内的miRNA结合位点以提高其翻译效率（英文）

环状RNA(circRNA)是具有共价闭合的环状结构的RNA，其中有些circRNA具有翻译能力。然而，调节circRNA翻译效率的方法及其应用仍需我们进一步探索。本文利用T7 RNA聚合酶和优化的PIE方法，转录形成含有CVB3 IRES翻译起始元件和荧光素酶蛋白编码序列的RNA，并在体外环化形成环状RNA。我们将环状RNA转染到细胞中，并成功翻译成具有活性的荧光素酶。在荧光素酶编码序列两侧插入miRNA结合位点显著降低了circRNA的翻译效率。随后萤火虫荧光素酶编码序列中的miRNA结合位点的同义突变导致体外合成的circRNA翻译效率增加。我们还证明了特定miRNA结合位点的突变也可以增强合成circRNA的翻译效率。进一步的体内实验通过生物发光成像表明，miRNA结合位点的同义突变促进了体外合成circRNA在体内的翻译。本研究表明，调节circRNA内的miRNA结合位点影响了circRNA的翻译效率，这有望作为未来临床成像应用的多功能工具。     

不同转导方式及载体形式对TALENs在小鼠胚胎干细胞打靶效率的研究

通过同源重组进行小鼠胚胎干细胞基因敲除是目前应用最为广泛的基因敲除技术手段,但同源重组的效率却非常低.TALEs和FokI的剪切结构域融合的TALENs可以实现高效的基因敲除.已有报导表明,TALENs识别位点的DNA序列和长度,及间隔区的长短等条件影响TALENs打靶效率.但外源载体的导入方式及载体的形式(DNA或RNA)是否以及如何影响TALENs的打靶效率还不明确.用不同的转导方式将TALENs导入小鼠胚胎干细胞中,并检测TALENs切割识别位点的效率,实验发现Lipofectamine○R2000转染的TALENs比电转化能更高效地切割目的 DNA位点,而DNA质粒或体外转录的RNA表达的TALENs切割DNA位点的效率相近.数据表明,在应用TALENs进行基因敲除时,有必要选择合适的转导方式以提高突变效率.     

人类疱疹病毒7 U41蛋白DNA链结合能力分析

目的 :对人类疱疹病毒 7(humanherpesvirus 7,HHV - 7)U4 1的核酸结合能力进行分析鉴定。方法 :DNA结合蛋白分离收集、免疫沉淀及Western印迹检测U4 1蛋白对单、双链DNA的不同结合能力。结果 :U4 1蛋白能结合单链DNA而不能结合双链DNA。结论 :U4 1的功能之一是保持DNA模板的合适构型 ,以便DNA的延伸和病毒DNA的合成。     

Functional replacement of a protein-induced bend in a DNA recombination site

In recent years the capacity of proteins to bend DNA by binding to specific sites has become a widely appreciated phenomenon. In many cases, the protein-DNA interaction is known to be functionally significant because destruction of the DNA site or the protein itself results in an altered phenotype. An important question to be answered in these cases is whether bending of DNA is important per se or is merely a consequence of the way a particular protein binds to DNA. Here we report direct evidence from the bacteriophage lambda integration system that a bend introduced by a protein is intrinsically important. We find that a binding site for a specific recombination protein known to bend DNA can be successfully replaced by two other modules that also bend DNA; related modules that fail to bend DNA are ineffective.     

Use of an 125I-labelled DNA ligand to probe DNA structure

It no longer seems likely that DNA molecules in situ have a uniform conformation, represented by the classical B-form helix. For example, recent structural studies have shown that in certain conditions DNA can have a left-handed (so-called Z-form) helix, and have revealed extensive sequence-dependent variations of B-DNA helical parameters. Such sequence-dependent variations in DNA structure can be investigated in solution with reagents that bind to DNA in a conformation-dependent manner, and cut one or both strands of the double-helix at the site of binding, as, for example, has been shown for the endonuclease DNase I3. We describe here a simple way to endow a DNA-binding ligand with the ability to cleave DNA--labelling with 125I. The radiochemical damage associated with 125I decay induces a double-stranded DNA break. Using this technique we have shown that a sequence of four consecutive A X T base pairs is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for strong binding to DNA of the bis-benzamide Hoechst 33258--presumably the other important factor is the conformation of the double-helix at the site of the (A/T)4 sequence. We suggest 125I-Hoechst 33258 may be a useful new probe of DNA structure.     

Importance of DNA stiffness in protein-DNA binding specificity

From the first high-resolution structure of a repressor bound specifically to its DNA recognition sequence it has been shown that the phage 434 repressor protein binds as a dimer to the helix. Tight, local interactions are made at the ends of the binding site, causing the central four base pairs (bp) to become bent and overtwisted. The centre of the operator is not in contact with protein but repressor binding affinity can be reduced at least 50-fold in response to a sequence change there. This observation might be explained should the structure of the intervening DNA segment vary with its sequence, or if DNA at the centre of the operator resists the torsional and bending deformation necessary for complex formation in a sequence dependent fashion. We have considered the second hypothesis by demonstrating that DNA stiffness is sequence dependent. A method is formulated for calculating the stiffness of any particular DNA sequence, and we show that this predicted relationship between sequence and stiffness can explain the repressor binding data in a quantitative manner. We propose that the elastic properties of DNA may be of general importance to an understanding of protein-DNA binding specificity.