变性剂作用下文昌鱼碱性磷酸酶构象与催化活力变化

研究了文昌鱼碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的变性作用,结果表明:低浓度盐酸胍(0.5 mol/l,1.0 mol/l)对该酶具有明显激活作用;酶的荧光构象变化指标随脲浓度增大呈现两个陡变区(1.0～2.0 mol/l,4.0～8.0 mol/l),蜂位因变性剂存在而明显红移,表明肽链己发生较明显的伸展,该酶的失活与变性过程均为一级反应,低浓度脲(2.0 mol/l)作用表现为构象变化略快于失活,而高浓度盐酸胍(2.0 mol/l,4.0 mol/l)及高浓度脲(4.0 mol/l,6.0 mol/l,8.0 mol/l)作用均表现为失活略快于构象变化。     

效应物对牛肠激酶活性的影响

肠激酶(EK,EC 3. 4. 21. 9)是一种在基因工程产品中广泛应用的工具酶.以小分子荧光物质甘氨酰-天冬氨酰-天冬氨酰-天冬氨酰-天冬氨酰-赖氨酰-β-萘胺(Gly-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-β-naphthylamide, GD4K-β-naphthylamide) 为底物,采用荧光跟踪法研究了不同氨基酸、几种常用有机溶剂、EDTA、DTT等对牛肠激酶(BEK)活力的影响.结果表明:L-赖氨酸(L-Lys)、丙酮、EDTA、DTT对该酶的活性有较强的抑制作用,IC50分别约为25,50,50 和120 mmol/L.进一步研究了L-Lys与丙酮对BEK活力的抑制机理以及抑制类型,结果表明:L-Lys对该酶的抑制机理为可逆抑制,其抑制类型为竞争型抑制类型,其抑制常数KI为12.02 mmol/L.丙酮对BEK的抑制类型表现为不可逆抑制.     

发酵产物对灰绿曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

从自行筛选出的灰绿曲霉XC-9菌株的发酵液得到活力较高的纤维素酶,分离纯化出其中的β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG).探讨发酵产物对酶活力的影响,乙醇、乙酸、乳酸对酶活力有不同程度抑制,抑制强度依次为乳酸乙酸乙醇,其半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.09,0.34和4.4mol/L.它们对BG的抑制作用均表现为非竞争性可逆抑制,抑制常数分别为0.7%(0.083mol/L)、2%(0.315mol/L)、26%(4.25mol/L),实验结果表明它们不是结合在酶活性中心的底物结合部位上,而是结合在其以外的必需基团上抑制酶活力.随着乙醇浓度上升,BG最适反应温度逐渐降低,乙醇达到20%(体积分数,下同)时,BG最适温度由60℃降到50℃.在低体积分数乙醇溶液(小于16%)中的BG活力高过无乙醇溶液中的BG活力.荧光光谱分析表明,高浓度乙醇可使BG分子构象松散,导致变构失效.该研究为纤维素酶发酵进程控制提供了理论依据.     

添加剂促进变性还原溶菌酶复性的作用

研究了多种添加剂促进变性还原溶菌酶复性的作用，考察了添加剂浓度及变性剂盐酸胍浓度对复性收率的影响．结果表明，精氨酸、乙酰胺、丙酮、硫脲及甘油均能有效促进变性溶菌酶复性，并且存在最佳的添加剂浓度使变性溶菌酶的复性收率最大．在促进复性中，乙酰胺等结构类似物与盐酸胍具有相同作用，因此，在降低复性液中盐酸胍浓度的同时，适当提高乙酰胺浓度即可获得较高的复性收率．当盐酸胍浓度为0．2mol／L时，复性收率达到90％时的乙酰胺浓度为2mol／L，但降低盐酸胍浓度至0．06mol／L时，达到相同变性收率的乙酰胺浓度需要4mol／L．甘油与盐酸胍存在着协同作用，在一定浓度的盐酸胍存在下，添加适量的甘油能获得较高的复性收率．     

温度、酸碱度和变性剂对黄花石蒜凝集素活性和构象的影响

采用荧光光谱研究了不同温度、pH和变性剂对黄花石蒜凝集素（Lycoris aurea agglutinin,简称LAA）凝血活性和分子构象的变化关系,结果表明：LAA具有较强的温度和酸碱度的耐受性,经过3种变性剂的处理都能使LAA分子构象发生不同程度的变化并导致活性的丧失,浓度为6 mol/L的盐酸胍和脲,20 mmol/L的SDS可以使LAA完全丧失凝血活性,荧光光谱的变化表明了这种变性过程具有阶段性.     

变性剂和巯基修饰对黄精凝集素II构象和活性的影响

采用圆二色谱、荧光光谱,研究了黄精凝集素II(PolygonatumcyrtonemaHua.LectinII,PCLII)在4mol/L和6mol/L盐酸胍中,以及巯基修饰后,其活性和分子构象的变化关系.研究结果表明:PCLII是一种稳定的蛋白质,巯基修饰剂虽不影响其活性,但可使其分子构象发生变化,去除修饰剂后其结构部分能够恢复.在4mol/L盐酸胍中,PCLII活性及构象可发生很大变化,去除盐酸胍后其活性恢复;在6mol/L盐酸胍中,呈现典型的无规卷曲构象,活性完全丧失,去除盐酸胍后活性仍不能恢复,表明活性中心已遭到不可逆的破坏.     

重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白的分离纯化

考察了大肠杆菌E.coli表达的重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白包涵体的变性、复性及融合蛋白的分离纯化过程。实验结果表明：包涵体经7mol/L盐酸胍,10mmol/L DTT变性;1mol/L尿素,2mmol/L还原型谷胱甘肽,0.2mmol/L氧化型谷胱甘肽脉冲加样稀释复性;金属螯合层析收集0.3mol/L咪唑洗脱峰,冷干后经重组肠激酶30℃酶切24h、Sephadex G50 柱纯化,可得到纯度达90%的重组人干扰素α2b和胸腺肽αl融合蛋白,且最终目的融合蛋白产量达68mg/g干菌体。     

罗非鱼脯氨酸内肽酶的分离及抑制剂对其的作用机制

采用硫酸铵盐析及柱层析技术,从罗非鱼肌肉中分离纯化得到分子质量约为85 ku的脯氨酸内肽酶(prolyl endopeptidase,PEP)。通过肽质量指纹质谱分析,获得13个肽片段,含128个氨基酸残基,结果显示,与伯氏朴丽鱼(Haplochromis burtoni)的PEP完全一致。该酶特异分解荧光底物Suc-Gly-ProMCA和Suc-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-MCA,PEP特异性抑制剂SUAM-14746和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF可以抑制该酶的活性。PEP催化Suc-Gly-Pro-MCA水解反应的活化能(Ea)为47.42 k J/mol。SUAM-14746对PEP表现为竞争性抑制作用,抑制常数(KI)为1.91μmol/L。金属离子Zn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对PEP的抑制类型均为混合型抑制,其中对游离酶的抑制常数(KI)分别为1.80 mmol/L和0.07 mmol/L,对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数(KIS)分别为2.33 mmol/L和1.17 mmol/L。     

曲酸作为化妆品添加剂的增白作用机理研究

以曲酸为效应物,研究对酪氨酸酶的单酚酶和二酚酶活力的影响.结果表明,曲酸对酪氨酸酶的单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有抑制作用,其效应为可逆抑制效应.测定导致单酚酶活力和二酚酶活力下降50%的抑制剂浓度(IC50)分别为31.0和20.0μmol/L.曲酸对酪氨酸酶的单酚酶的迟滞时间有明显的延长效应,60μmol/L曲酸使得单酚酶的迟滞时间从52s延长到390s.曲酸对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为混合型抑制类型,抑制常数KI和KIS分别为13.0和100.0μmol/L.曲酸和酶的结合导致天然酶的内源荧光的量子产率下降,但荧光发射峰没有位移.通过曲酸对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用研究阐明曲酸作为化妆品添加剂的增白作用机理.     

修饰剂对青霉菌葡萄糖氧化酶的效应研究

研究了几种修饰剂对青霉菌(Penicillium amagasakiense)葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD,EC 1.1.3.4)活力的影响.结果表明,溴代乙酸、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)、乙酰丙酮等对酶的抑制作用较强,随着抑制剂浓度增大,酶活力呈指数下降,酶活力下降50%的抑制浓度分别为40.8,28.5和8.7 mmol/L,认为咪唑基、吲哚基、精氨酸胍基是该酶的活性功能基团,而蛋白质分子中巯基、二硫键、赖氨酸的ε-氨基、丝氨酸残基与酶活力无关.进一步研究了NBS的抑制动力学,结果显示:NBS对酶的抑制作用为非竞争性可逆抑制,抑制常数(KI)为19.2 μmol/L.该研究对青霉菌GOD在生产上的应用具有一定的理论指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that