Nicotiana ovule extracts in duce nuclear reconstitution of demembranated Xenopus sperm in cell-free system

s Nicotiana tabaccum ovule extracts induced nuclear reconstitution of demembranated Xenopus leavis sperm in a ceil-free system. Demembranated Xenopus sperm began to swell after 15 rmin of incubation with Nicotiana ovulde extracts. Accompanying the process of incubation,Xenopus sperm decondensed and their shapes changed gradually from long and ellipse to round. The completely decondensed chromatin was surrounded with membrane structure, which was a mixture envelope of a double membrane and a single membrane. Nucleosome assembly was verified by means of micrococcal nuclease digestion to reconstituted nuclei and DNA electrophoresis. Nicotiana ovule extracts supplied one more experimental model and system.The new system could promote powerfully the research on mechanisms of cell division and cell cycle regulation.     

Application of Xenopus laevis in ecotoxicology (I)—Introduction and quality control of laboratory animal

The aim of the series of papers is to discuss the application of Xenopus laevis, as model animal in biology, in ecotoxicology. X. laevis as model animal is wildly used in biological study and has provided a lot of relating data because of many advantages, such as living in water and being easily maintained, laying eggs in the whole year, and externally fertilizing and developing. Embryos and larvae of X. laevis like other amphibians are directly exposed in the aquatic environment and sensitive to pollutants. In addition, sex differentiation and sex organ development of X. laevis are sensitive to sex hormones and endocrine disruptors with sex hormone activities, which enable X. laevis to be used in studies on sex hormone disruption and reproductive toxicity of endocrine disruptors. Metamorphic development of X. laevis is very sensitive to thyroid hormones and thyroid disruptors, which enables X. laevis to be used for evaluating thyroid disruptors. Also, X. laevis ecotoxicology can be linked with amphibian population declines and malformed frog occurrence, being one of the hotspots in ecology. Thus, more and more laboratories have introduced X. laevis to ecotoxicological study. The quality of laboratory animals correlates with scientificity and reliability of results from animal experiments. It is especially important for toxicology. Quality control of X. laevis involving several factors such as water and food is discussed in this paper.     

Application of Xenopus laevis in ecotoxicology (I)——Introduction and quality control of laboratory animal

According to WHO statistics, 80% of human dis- eases are related to environmental pollution[1,2]. Espe- cially in recent years, there are increasing reports onendocrine disorder, reproductive dysfunction, sexual reversal, ecoenvironmental deterioration, b…     

非洲爪蟾蜍变态期变态异常个体的性腺发育

作者对16只变态期变态异常的非洲爪蟾幼体的性腺进行了解剖及细胞学的观察.实验结果表明,变态异常个体的性腺发育与同龄正常发育者完全一致,而与其身体的外形,即个体的大小及完全变态与否没有密切关系.     

抗爪蟾角蛋白单克隆抗体的研究

本实验以非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)成体皮肤角蛋白免疫的BALB/c鼠脾细胞与小鼠Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞在PEG的作用下进行融合,经HAT选择培养、ELISA筛选、反复克隆化及冻存复苏,获得四株稳定分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。对其中一株杂交瘤细胞KD_(10)及其分泌的抗体进行了较全面的研究。     

卵母细胞在离子通道研究中的应用

由于非洲爪蟾卵母细胞体积较大，故其蛋白质和RNA合成活性很高，、同时，卵母细胞本身仅有很少几种内源性通道和受体，因此可以忠实、高效地表达多种类型的外源性通道和受体、非洲爪蟾卵母细胞现已成为一种研究外源性离子通道基因的工具，在分析多亚基通道翻译后的加工和组装、检测突变通道特性、比较不同组织来源的通道特性、检测第二信使系统对通道功能的调制、分析和鉴定编码通道蛋白的克隆基因等方面有暑广泛的应用。     

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞内的螺旋钙波和靶波

该文应用定态线性化的Atri模型方程,描述非洲爪蟾(Xenopus Laevis)卵母细胞内钙波的生成和演化。在忽略细胞边界影响的近似下,得到了爪蟾卵母细胞内螺旋钙波和靶波的解析解。对于远离细胞中心的渐近情形,对应的螺旋波为Archimede型。由此得到的波速、波长和周期均与实验和数值模拟结果吻合。并指出IP3R失活常数必须大于2．43s,才能产生胞内周期钙波。     

爪蟾胚胎发生中角蛋白的表达

本文应用二株抗角蛋白单克隆抗体(MAb D10为抗爪蟾角蛋白,MAb AF5为抗人角蛋白)对爪蟾卵母细胞、受精卵、不同发育期胚胎作免疫转移印迹观察,研究其角蛋白多肽亚单位的组成。发现不同发育期胚胎角蛋白表达有变化。同时应用免疫组织化学染色技术研究角蛋白在胚胎中的分布。发现角蛋白分布于表皮、脊索、嗅板、垂体原基、粘腺、咽上皮、神经管内表面等部位。     

运用爪蟾变态实验检测镉的甲状腺激素干扰效应

将NF51阶段非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)蝌蚪暴露于Cd2+浓度为0.01,0.1和1mg.L-1的溶液中21d,观测Cd2+对爪蟾的生长、变态和甲状腺组织结构的影响.1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组爪蟾蝌蚪与对照组相比,7d后,平均体重减少了0.39倍,体长和后肢长分别减少了0.17倍和0.27倍,发育阶段稍有延缓;21d后,1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组爪蟾蝌蚪后肢长减小了0.11倍,延缓了1个发育阶段.其余各浓度组在7d和21d暴露后,体重、体长、后肢长和发育阶段与对照组无显著差异.21d后,Cd2+各浓度组甲状腺组织结构出现滤泡数目减少、胶质减少甚至空泡化等现象,1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组甲状腺滤泡之间还出现溶通现象.结果表明CdCl2具有甲状腺激素干扰效应,并可能是由于该化合物直接作用于甲状腺组织引起.由此可见,爪蟾变态实验可以有效检测重金属盐的甲状腺激素干扰效应.     

野木瓜注射液对爪蟾坐骨神经传导的影响

野木瓜注射液（Ｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｔａｕｎｔｏｎｉａｅ,ＩＳ）涂布于脊爪蟾（ＸｅｎｏｐｕｓＬａｅｖｉｓ）坐骨神经４ｍｍ长的一段上．电刺激跗部皮肤,记录半膜肌肌电．１０％ＩＳ使肌电的潜伏期和问期分别延长（１．５１±１．１５）ｍｓ和（２６．６±１６．１）ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１,ｎ＝９）;５０％ＩＳ则使潜伏期延长（２．８４±２．１８）ｍｓ和幅度下降到原来的０．２１±０．２６（Ｐ＜０．０１,ｎ＝７）．ＩＳ对神经传导的阻滞作用是量效关系,给药８ｍｉｎ后电刺激坐骨神经干能使已受５０％ＩＳ影响而刺激跗部皮肤几乎不再引起肌电的半膜肌产生同对照一样的肌电．这表明在给药期内５０％ＩＳ主要阻滞传入纤维的传导,而不影响传出纤维的功能．