Der qualitative und quantitative Nachweis der «fixen Luft» (1756), ein Wendepunkt in der Geschichte der Chemie und Biologie

Summary Reference is made to a treatise published in 1756 byJoseph Black (1728–1799), which was the first work to contain conclusive evidence of a gas bound to solid bodies; and in this connection the historical significance of the earliest studies on carbon dioxide is emphasised. Attention is drawn in particular to a subject about which little has hitherto been known,i.e., the use whichBlack and his contemporaries (notablyDavid Macbride) made of this discovery by applying it to animal and human physiology.

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Eine ausführlichere Würdigung dieses geschichtlichen Sachverhalts erscheint in Gesnerus (Schweiz)1956, Heft 3/4.     

Sauerstoff-Heteroringe. Die Konfiguration und Synthese desd,l-Homopterocarpins

Summary The racemic form of homopterocarpin (V), a constituent of red sandal-wood, has been synthesized by a method which has previously been proposed by the authors. N. M. R. spectral studies in conjunction with the examination of models have enabled the assignment of thecis configuration (V) to homopterocarpin.

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V. Mitteilung. IV. Mitteilung sieheH. Suginome, Exper.18, 161 (1962).     

Komplex-Stabilität und tuberkulostatische Aktivität einiger 8-Oxychinolinderivate

Summary Based on polarographic viz. spectrophotometric determinations of the stabilities of several Cu⁺⁺- and Co⁺⁺⁺ hydroxyquinolin complexes it has been shown that a correlation exists between the quotient of complex-stabilitiesK _Co ⁺⁺⁺ /K _Cu ⁺⁺ and antitubercular activity (cf. table and graph). This supports the hypothesis that the 8-hydroxyquinolin derivatives and analogues act by competitive antagonism; the Cu⁺⁺-hydroxy-quinolates are able to replace Co in a prosthetic group of Mycobacterium-enzyme with Cu.

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Vorgetragen an der Organisch-Chemischen Konferenz des Vereines ungarischer Chemiker, 27. September 1953.

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III. Mitteilung: Acta chim. Hungarica (im Druck).     

Mutation und Phänokopie bei Säugetier und Mensch

Summary The concept of phenocopy established byGoldschmidt in 1935 is critically studied and special emphasis is placed upon the problem of how to distinguish true and false phenocopies. A comparison is made with true and false genocopies, that means mimic mutations. Regarding a given character it is often hard to distinguish as far as man and mammals are concerned, whether it is caused by mutation or phenocopy. Although most of the abnormalities occur as hereditary as well as non-hereditary types, there are, however, hereditary defects that occur seldom and others that occur frequently as phenocopies; still other abnormalities are known as yet only as non-hereditary modifications. It is still impossible to give exact figures for the numerical relationship of single hereditary and non-hereditary abnormalities in man.In certain cases in man and animals there may be also an interaction of the gene and the phenocopying agent, the latter replacing the missing second allele of the gene in question in a heterozygotic individual. The question has to be examined whether in the case of horizontal inheritance, that means occurrence of the same character only in one sibship, a hereditary effect is only simulated with the same phenocopying factor continually in effect. Finally a method is given to determine the relationship of mutations and phenocopies of the retinoblastoma, a hereditary or exogenous caused highly malignant ocular neoplasm in man, a question very important to eugenics.

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Dem PathologenRobert Rössle* zum 80. Geburtstag am 19. August 1956 gewidmet

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Redaktionelle Anmerkung. Am 21. November 1956 ist Herr Prof.Rössle in Berlin verstorben. Die Experientia-Leser erinnern sich dankbar an seinen Aufsatz: «Warum sterben so wenig Menschen eines natürlichen Todes?» Exper.4, 295 (1948).

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Nach einem Vortrag an der Universität Nagoya (Japan) am 17. September 1956.     

Elektronenoptische Beobachtungen bei Speicherkrankheiten

Summary Ultrastructural changes in spleen and liver in a case ofMorbus Gaucher andNiemann-Pick are discussed.The results are: (1) The Ultrastructure shows a distinct differentiation between the two diseases. (2) It seems that storage begins in mitochondria. (3) In the case ofMorbus Niemann-Pick, all Mitochondria of storage cells show an abnormal ultrastructure (diminuation in size, increased osmiophilia, disorder in the arrangement of cristae and membranes).

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Die Arbeit erscheint ausführlich an anderer Stelle.     

Antibody against purified viper neurotoxin

Résumé L'anticorps contre la neurotoxine du venin deVipera palestinae est obtenu chez des lapins par immunisation de la neurotoxine purifiée liée à la cellulose carbométhylique.

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the

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This work is part of a thesis submitted byN. Shaham to the     

Analyse d'une population deCannabis sativa L. originaire du Mexique et cultivé en France

Summary Cannabinoid content of a population ofCannabis sativa L. originating from Mexico and cultivated in France is studied. The statistical analysis of results shows how difficult it is to obtain homogenous and representative samples. This problem is correlated to genetic heterogeneity of seeds.

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Les cultures ont été effectuées à l'Arboretum de Chèvreloup, France.

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Les cultures ont été effectuées à l'Arboretum     

The presence of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity in germinatingGinkgo biloba seeds

Riassunto Si è dimostrata la presenza del ciclo del gliossilato durante la germinazione di semi diGinkgo biloba. Isocitrico liasi e malato sintasi, e due enzimi chiave del ciclo, sono stati messi in evidenza in pianticelle di 8 cm. Le attività dei due enzimi sono invece assenti nel seme dove elevato è il contenuto in lipidi. Tra gli acidi grassi i più rappresentati sono l'oleico e il linoleico.

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A preliminary report on the same subject was read at Xth International Meeting, 3–5 May, 1971, Giornate Biochimiche Latine.

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Research supported by a grant from the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and from the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione.     

Über die Synthese einiger Polychlorpolyene und die Atropisomerie der Oktachlorhexatriene

Summary The synthesis of some unsaturated polychloro compounds, starting from the heptachloropropanes, octachloropropane and hexachloropropane, by means of aluminium in ether is described. For four compounds C₆Cl₈, subject to some conversions, the structure of octachlorohexatriene-(1, 3, 5) has been made probable, and the possibility of a special stereoisomerism is discussed.

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Mitteilung «über Polyhalogenverbindungen»; 1. Mitteilung siehe Chem. Ber.80, 206 (1947). Die ausführliche Veröffentlichung dieser Arbeit folgt ebendort.     

Rassenspezifisches Verhalten gegen einen Raubfeind

Summary German Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca hypoleuca) show a mobbing response to the Redbacked Shrike (Lanius collurio) as well as to owls. Spanish Pied Flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca iberiae) mob only at the latter. This correlates well with the fact that only nominatehypoleuca occurs together with the shrike, but both subspecies share their habitats with owls.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Voacanga-Alkaloide IV. Struktur von Voacryptin und Voacristin

Summary Voacryptine is demonstrated to be 20-oxovoacangine. On reduction, it furnishes voacristine (20-hydroxyvoacangine) and 20-epi-voacristine.

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3. Mitt.U. Renner undD. A. Prins, Exper.15, 456 (1959).     

Nachweis von Scilliglaucosidin in den Zwiebeln vonBowiea volubilis Harvey

Summary Hellebrigenin was converted to Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol. This proves the correctness of the assumption ofStoll et al. ³ that the aldehydic group of Scilliglaucosidin is in position C-10.Comparison of a reduction product of Nabogenin, a substance isolated earlier from the bulbs ofBowiea volubilis Harvey, with Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol and 3-Epi-Scilliglaucosidin-19-ol showed its identity with the first named compound. This proves that the so called Nabogenin was a mixture consisting mainly of Scilliglaucosidin.

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8. Mitteilung über die Glykoside vonBowiea vocubilis Harvey und 162. Mitteilung über Glykoside und Aglykone.

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7. Mitt.:A. Katz, Helv. chim. Acta38, 1565 (1955).

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161. Mitt.:H. Kündig-Hegedüs undO. Schindler, Helv. chim. Acta39, 904 (1956).     

Über Struktur und Aktivität der den H2O2-Zerfall katalysierenden Cu2+-Komplexe. — VI. Differenzierung von nativer RNS und nativer DNS bzw. denaturierter DNS auf Grund der katalytischen Eigenschaften

Summary The catalysis of H₂O₂ decomposition by Cu²⁺-complexes of RNA and DNA has been investigated. It is shown that both complexes decompose H₂O₂, but only the Cu²⁺-RNA-system shows peroxidative activity too, e.g. only in this case the nucleotide bases are degraded. Thermal denaturation of DNA also leads to a Cu²⁺-complex with peroxidative activity, the latter being dependent on the degree of denaturation.

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V. Mitteilung:S. Petri, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 1778 (1966).

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12. Mitteilung überMetallionen und H ₂ O ₂; 11. Mitteilung:H. Ch. Curtius, P. Anders, R. Zell, H. Sigel undH. Erlenmeyer, Helv. chim. Acta49, 2256 (1966).     

Über die Wirkung von Cobalt-II-nitrat auf Kern und Cytoplasma vonAcetabularia mediterranea

Summary The effect of Cobalt-II-nitrate was tested on the marine green algaAcetabularia. Application of Co immediately stopped regeneration as well as synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins. Later on a decrease of the protein contents was observed. Without affecting the size of the nucleus, Co caused a reduction of the nucleolar size and shape within 4 days. By histochemical methods, Co was found to be stored in the nucleus and nucleolus. However, it is not clear whether the Co was already boundin vivo. Size and distribution of the polyphosphate bodies were not changed within 6 days. No storage of Coin vivo could be observed within the polyphosphates.

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Induced griseofulvin. Resistance ofAchorion quinckeanum in vitro and in vivo

Résumé Avec une souche d'Achorion quinckeanum, devenue résistante à la griséofulvine in vitro, on a inoculé des cobayes et montré que la souche résistante in vitro est aussi résistante in vivo.

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This work was made possible by a subsidy from the Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research.

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Former resident of the Department of Dermatology (University of Zagreb, Yugoslavia) and now in the Department of Dermatology (University of Geneva, Switzerland).     

Alkaloid studies. The structure of aspidofiline

Zusammenfassung Auf Grund von Protonresonanz und massenspektrometrischen Messungen sowie durch direkte Verbindung mit Pyrifolin (II) wird für dasAspidosperma-Alkaloid Aspidofilin die Struktur III vorgeschlagen.

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This paper represents part XXXVII. For preceding paper seeH. Vorbrueggen andC. Djerassi, J. Amer. chem. Soc.84, in press (1962).

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Recipient of a fellowship from the International Cooperation Administration under a program administered by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.     

Der SeidenschwanzBombycilla garrulus als frugivorer Ernährungsspezialist

Summary Eight waxwings,Bombycilla garrulus, were fed exclusively with vegetable food for periods of 10–18 days. In contrast to other song birds, they maintained or increased body weight during that time, or reduced it only moderately. Thus the waxwing is a feeding specialist which can subsist at least temporarily on a totally vegetable diet.

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Mit Unterstützung der DFG.     

Synthetic peptides related to caerulein1. Note 1

Riassunto Vengono descritte le proprietà di una serie di peptidi sintetici affini alla ceruleina e si discutono brevemente i rapporti fra attività e struttura.

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A. Anastasi, V. Erspamer andR. Endean, Experientia23, 699 (1967).

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This work was in part supported by grants from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma.     

Metabolic interactions in vitro between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms

Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Effekt von phagozytierten,hitzeabgetöteten Bakterien auf die Atmung von Kaninchen-Leukozytenin vitro von der Virulenz der verwendeten Mikroorganismen abhängig ist.2. Die Tatsache, dasslebende Mikroorganismen nach Phagozytose intrazellulär fortfahren zu atmen, wird demonstriert und deren Beziehung zur Pathogenität der Bakterien diskutiert.

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This investigation was supported by Grant E-1302 (C) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service.

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Markle Scholar in Medical Science.     

Isocardenolides

Zusammenfassung Ein einfacher Weg zur Synthese eines von zwei möglichen isomeren Cardenoliden wurde entwickelt und die Reaktionsfolge an Hand der Überführung von Pregnenolon in Isocardenolide V gezeigt.

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Steroids and Related Natural Products XXI. For the previous contribution refer to:G. R. Pettit andP. Hofer, Helv. chim. Acta46, 2142 (1963).

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A preliminary account of this study was presented (December 1963) at the VI. Pan-American Congress of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Mexico City (Mexico).

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This investigation was supported by PHS Research Grants CY-4074 (C3) to CA-04074-06 from the National Cancer Institute, Public Health Service.