采用独立阈值的遥感影像变化检测方法

针对在多时相遥感影像变化检测中常规阈值确定方法无法获取小比例变化量区域准确变化阈值,并导致变化检测失败的问题,提出了采用独立阈值的遥感影像变化检测方法。通过多时相遥感影像多尺度分割获取像斑,采用变化向量分析法计算像斑差异度;从像斑差异度中自适应选择满足期望最大化算法和贝叶斯最小误差率理论获取准确阈值条件的训练样本;将训练样本导入独立阈值法确定变化阈值,利用变化阈值对像斑差异度进行二值分割获得影像变化的检测结果。实验结果表明,采用独立阈值的遥感影像变化检测方法能够获得更准确的变化阈值,在城郊变化检测中平均漏检率较全局阈值法和局部阈值法降低了9.6%和17.24%,在城区变化检测中平均正确率较全局阈值法和局部阈值法提高了51.27%和35.42%。     

基于模糊粗糙集的半监督影像分类算法

针对影像分类中少量标记样本问题,提出了基于模糊粗糙集的影像半监督分类算法.首先,通过模糊粗糙集对数据的粗糙性与模糊性进行建模,采用归一化的模糊互信息来度量特征与类别信息的相关性,并利用模糊上下近似度量样本的类别隶属度;然后,结合归一化的模糊互信息改进正则化框架下的特征评价方法,在谱图分析的半监督特征选择框架下实现特征优选;其次,结合近邻约束提高模糊上下近似预测样本类别的准确性,设计基于模糊粗糙集的约束自学习,选择信息量大的未标记样本更新训练样本集;最后,利用新的样本集训练分类器,完成影像分类任务.多组实验表明所提算法能够在少量标记样本的条件下有效提高影像的分类精度.     

遥感影像的云及其阴影覆盖区光谱重构

以往遥感影像的云及其阴影去除方法侧重于受遮盖地物的几何特征恢复,不利于基于光谱特征的信息提取。为此,提出一种基于地物类别特征的光谱重构方法,采用两期相邻年
份相近物候期的遥感数据,借助归一化差值和决策树分类的方法,检测厚云及其阴影,并提取相应区域地表覆盖类型信息,对两时相遥感影像各波段被遮挡区的每种地物类别做线性回归分析,获取被遮挡区的重构数据。实验结果表明,该方法在恢复受云影响地物几何信息的同时,较好地实现了遮盖区地物光谱信息模拟。     

小样本学习在高分遥感影像分类与识别中的应用

遥感影像分类与识别是近年来深度学习以及图像分类与识别研究的热点,其中一个关键问题是因样本数据集的数据较少而极易出现过拟合。许多图像分类的模型和方法并不完全适用于遥感影像分类,将小样本学习与遥感影像处理结合起来,实现遥感影像数据增强和识别模型优化是一个可行的思路。根据小样本学习的发展现状,针对特征提取、模型分类方法,归纳总结了典型学习方法的原理及其在相关领域的应用; 分析遥感影像处理的现状和存在问题,基于适用场景、优缺点对各方法进行了比较; 通过分析小样本学习在高分遥感影像分类与识别上的应用,发现引入注意力机制和迁移学习后,小样本学习能够用于样本数据量小的遥感影像分类。     

LU/LC样本影像数据库管理系统的构建及其应用

针对遥感解译及土地核查中传统的人机交互方法人为影响较大、精度不稳定、判读标准不一等现象,综合地总结了土地利用/土地覆盖(LU/LC)常见典型地物样本及影像特征信息,通过建设数据库的总体流程、基本示例影像以及关键技术,从而构建具有一定通用性的LU/LC样本影像数据库管理系统,解决了遥感解译及土地核查过程中主要涉及的大量遥感图像和繁杂的属性文本信息等问题,实现对样本影像数据统一存储、有序管理以及实时更新,更好地为生产决策服务。同时,结合该样本影像数据库,将LU/LC样本库知识学习应用于福州市地区1994年、2000年、2009年、2013年的遥感影像解译,获得影像的分类精度分别为87.89%、91.46%、88.35%、88.62%。结果表明,建立LU/LC样本影像数据库辅助解译减少了判读误差,并且精度较稳定及符合生产要求。     

一种基于双通道深度网络的多时相卫星遥感影像匹配研究

常用的特征匹配方法难以满足长间隔多时相卫星遥感影像匹配,提出一种基于双通道深度卷积神经网络的遥感影像匹配框架。该方法首先构建Siamese双通道结构的深度卷积网络,利用点积非线性组合双通道深度卷积特征,以Sigmoid为激活函数输出影像块的匹配概率来确定粗匹配点;通过建立金字塔多尺度空间构建基于Siamese深度网络的多尺度影像匹配框架,结合粗差点剔除与由粗到精的匹配策略实现卫星遥感影像多尺度精匹配。试验结果表明,提出的方法可获得大量均匀分布密集匹配点,相比常用方法能显著提高长间隔多时相遥感影像匹配性能。     

城市热岛研究中地表温度与植被丰度的耦合关系

城市热岛遥感研究传统上应用归一化植被指数(Norm alized D ifference Vegetation Index,NDVI)作为植被丰度(vegetation abundance)的指示,并用于耦合地表温度与植被之间的关系.文章探讨了运用光谱混合模型获得的植被比例(vegetation fraction)作为植被丰度指标的一种选择,以2000年9月14日获得的122/44景ETM 截取的广州市海珠区作为验证影像,运用最小二乘法将变换的影像分解成三个分维影像,即绿色植被、非渗透性表面和水体.结合最大似然分类和决策树算法的混合分类处理,将比例影像进行土地覆盖分类.结果表明,地表温度与分解的植被比例的负相关关系比地表温度与NDVI的负相关关系要高出几分.由此说明,地表温度结构的空间变异无疑与归一化植被指数和植被比例相关,不同土地覆盖类型的热辐射与植被动态的相互影响导致地表温度在光谱辐射率和结构上的变化,这些变化在别的影像中也有表现,这是城市热岛空间格局形成的原因.     

基于多时相遥感数据的吉林盐碱区土地覆被信息提取方法对比—以镇赉为例

利用多时相的遥感数据制作的多维分类特征数据集,可以充分挖掘遥感影像中的植被信息提高地表覆被信息的分类精度。以世界三大盐碱土分布区之一的吉林省镇赉县为例,利用多时相Landsat8遥感数据制作的多维分类特征数据集,通过不同的分类方法提取了实验区11类地表覆被信息,并进行精度对比分析。结果表明:1支持向量机(SVM)法对苏打盐碱化土壤特殊生态环境的地表覆被信息提取具有较好的分类效果,总体分类精度87.77%,Kappa系数0.864 9;其中盐碱地的分类效果较好,生产精度达到98.34%。2不同方案分类精度从高到低依次为:支持向量机、最大似然分类、神经网络、最小距离、光谱角法。3镇赉县的土地利用类型以旱地、水田、盐碱地为主,镇赉西部以旱地为主要,中部地区盐碱地、碱泡、旱地交错分布,东部以水田为主。     

基于迁移学习的高分辨率遥感影像场景分类研究

对于小样本集合的遥感影像场景分类问题,采取了一种基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络高分辨率遥感影像识别方法,通过深度卷积神经网络Inception-v4在ImageNet上训练,得到预训练模型以及相应的初始化参数,随后将小样本遥感数据按比例划分注入预训练模型当中,根据样本集合特征,不断调整网络参数以便获得最佳识别分类模型.最后将本文的方法与现有的场景分类方法进行实验对比,测得该方法在UC merced land use场景影像数据集上取得97.92%的准确率,有效提高了高分影像场景分类精度.     

一种针对小训练样本的低空遥感影像分类方法

受低空遥感影像数据性质影响,在针对小训练样本时分类精度欠佳.提出了一种针对小训练样本的低空遥感影像分类方法(ELM-CF).方法 首先通过等价局部二值模式提取低空遥感影像的纹理细节;然后联合光谱与纹理特征构建组合特征以增强像元描述唯一性,降低分类中对训练样本的依赖;最后利用极限学习机对组合特征进行分类.为验证方法的有效性,选用2组无人机影像,并随机抽取占每类总量0.1％的像元作为训练样本进行实验.实验结果表示明本文方法对两组数据的总体分类精度分别为96.4％和97.6％,且具有较好的时效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-