由弹性键连接的V形分子双轴向列相液晶的相变

对由弹性键相连的V形液晶分子系统的相变进行了研究.根据分子间简单相互作用能,利用平均场理论得到系统平衡态序参数随温度的变化,以及系统在分子结构和温度平面内的相图.结果表明液晶相变温度与弹性键强度系数k及棒长比r有关.当k>0和k<0且|k|时,系统由各向同性相经一级相变进入单轴相,再经二级相变进入双轴向列相,随着|k|的增大,一级相变消失,变为弱一级相变或连续相变.当k<0且|k|>r=1时,系统由各向同性相经一级相变进入双轴相,随着|k|的增大,一级相变消失,变为二级相变.     

向列相液晶由分子相互作用引起的相变

考虑一双轴性液晶分子简单相互作用模型，利用平均场理论，得到了从各向同性相至单轴向列相以及从单轴向列相至双轴向列相的相变．     

Y形分子系统相变的蒙特卡罗模拟

运用蒙特卡罗方法模拟Y形液晶分子系统的相变,得到从各向同性相至单轴向列相、单轴向列相至双轴向列相的相变, 并给出在分子夹角与温度关系平面内的相图.结果表明,双轴向列相的产生与分子的双轴性有关.由蒙特卡罗模拟得到了Landau点(在该点, 系统直接从各向同性相进入双轴相)温度与分子结构参数, 如夹角、棒长之间的关系,并将其与平均场理论得到的结果进行比较.     

十字形液晶分子系统各向同性相至双轴向列相的相变

本文考虑十字形液晶分子组成的系统,假设分子间相互作用为棒与棒相互作用的叠加,且相互作用强度系数彼此独立.利用平均场理论,得到系统在温度和分子结构参数平面内的3类相图:第一类相图中只有一个直接由各向同性相进入双轴相的Landau点,相变为二级相变.第二类相图中Landau点扩展为Landau曲线,为一级相变.第三类相图中...     

梳型高分子聚合物液晶的相变

利用Freiser关于液晶分子相互作用模型,建立了梳型高聚物分子的哈密顿量,适用变分程序导出高聚物液晶结合相序参数自洽方程,得到在给定分子结构参数时的各向同性相至单轴向列相以及单轴至双轴向列相的相变。结果表明,当分子主、侧链间隔基团的耦合项中排斥作用以及结合相中较强向列相场者强度增大时,单轴至双轴向列相相变温度升高,并从一级相变逐渐变为二级相变。     

向列相液晶由外场引起的相变

利用一刚性液晶分子简化模型,将分子问相互作用抽象为棒与棒间相互作用的叠加,并考虑到外场的作用,得到系统的相图．结果表明,由于外场的诱导作用,对于单轴性分子,系统可在较高温度下诱导出准单轴相．增加分子的双轴性,可使系统在较高温度下诱导出准双轴相,降低温度,系统连续地进入双轴相．     

各向异性材料的表面张力

本文提出一种能够统一处理各向异性表面张力的张量描述方法。通过引入表面张力张量,导出表面有关物理量和表面平衡条件,并根据材料对称性,分别对单轴液晶、双轴液晶和晶态固体的表面张力作了讨论,还给出了单轴液晶自由表面平衡的完整条件。     

双轴向列相液晶在外场中的周期性形变

利用双轴向列相液晶的弹性能公式,研究在外场中双轴向列相液晶的周期性形变.利用数值计算得到外场阈值与系统弹性系数间的关系.并得到发生周期性形变的系统弹性系数间所满足的解析关系.结果表明在给定的Saupe弹性系数C2bc/Kba,Kcc/Kba下,发生周期性形变的Kbb/Kba值必须小于某一临界值kc.当C2bc/Kba值增加,kc 值增加,当Kcc/Kba减少,kc 增加. 这里Kbb、Kcc分别为指向矢a、c绕b,a、b绕c的扭曲弹性系数,Kba是a展曲、b弯曲的耦合系数,Cbc是b、 c弯曲的耦合弹性系数.     

碳纳米管对扭曲向列相液晶显示模式电-光性能的影响

选用单壁及多壁碳纳米管掺杂在液晶中制备了扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒,采用液晶综合参数测试仪研究了单壁及多壁碳纳米管对扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒的驱动电压、对比度及响应时间的影响. 结果表明:单壁及多壁碳纳米管的加入均能显著降低扭曲向列相液晶显示模式液晶盒的驱动电压,但对比度也有较大幅度的降低. 掺杂单壁碳纳米管的液晶盒的开态及关态响应时间均有一定程度的增加,而掺杂多壁碳纳米管的液晶盒关态响应时间基本上有所降低,开态响应时间没有明显的变化规律.     

离子型与非离子型混合表面活性剂体系溶致液晶相图及结构的研究

对离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯油醇醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚混合体系溶致液晶的相图及层状液晶的结构进行了研究。结果表明,当非离子表面活性剂中极性基较小时,其相行为类似于脂肪醇,易和离子型表面活性剂共同形成层状液晶。当非离子型表面活性剂极性基较大时,与离子型表面活性剂易形成六角液晶。在混合体系中阴离子表面活性剂比阳离子表面活性剂与聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的相互作用更强一些,表现为相图中形成的液晶区域较大。当离子型表面活性剂确定时,与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚复配比与烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚复配可形成液晶的范围更宽。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the