熔体快淬法制备纳米复合磁体Pr_(10)Fe_(85)B_5的工艺研究

通过熔体快淬法将 Pr1 0 Fe85B5合金在三种不同辊速下制备成微晶或非晶薄带 ,晶化热处理后得到纳米复合磁体 ,研究了辊速条件及晶化温度对纳米耦合磁体硬磁性能的影响 ,获得了高矫顽力的纳米复合磁体     

(001)取向FePt薄膜的有序化过程及磁性

在加热到400°C的MgO(001)单晶基片上,用磁控溅射法沉积了25 nm厚的FePt薄膜,在Ta=[500°C,800°C]温度范围进行5 h的热处理.用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计和可外加磁场的磁力显微镜分析了薄膜的结构和磁性.结果表明,未经热处理的薄膜能够在MgO(001)单晶基片的诱导下实现(001)取向生长,但仍处于无序的A1相,呈软磁性.Ta=500°C,薄膜结构没有明显改变.Ta=600°C,FePt发生部分有序化,薄膜中A1相和L10相(有序相)共存,形成一种具有磁各向异性的特殊硬磁-软磁复合体.软磁相的磁性主要表现在沿平行于膜面方向施加磁场的磁化曲线中,但矫顽力可以达到10 kOe(1Oe=103/4πA m-1),硬磁相的磁性主要表现在沿垂直于膜面方向施加磁场的磁化曲线中,矫顽力却只有5kOe.这说明薄膜中硬磁相和软磁相之间存在强烈的交换耦合,形成了磁性弹簧.当Ta提高到700°C,薄膜基本完成有序化,磁化易轴彻底转向垂直于膜面的方向,矫顽力大于20 kOe.原子力显微镜和磁力显微镜观察表明,薄膜由岛状颗粒构成,在Ta=700°C时大部分颗粒内部形成多磁畴结构,在不太大的磁场作用下依靠畴壁移动和消失变为单磁畴,磁化反转过程应该主要依靠形核.     

Exchange-coupling interaction and effective anisotropy in nanocomposite permanent materials

Taking Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe as example, the exchange-coupling interactions between magnetically soft and hard grains in nanocomposite permanent materials and their effects on the effective anisotropy of materials were investigated. The calculation results expressed that the exchangecoupling interactions are enhanced with the reduction of grain size, and the effective anisotropy of materials decreases with the reduction of grain size and the increase of magnetically soft phase component. The remanence and the effective anisotropy of materials possess the opposite variation trend with the change of grain size and phase ratio. The mean grain size should be in the range of 10–15 nm and the ratio of soft phase should be less than 50% for getting the magnet with high energy product.     

硬磁/软磁多层膜的成核场、磁滞回线、磁相图和临界厚度

本文通过微磁学方法,较为系统地研究了同组合的硬磁/软磁多层膜的磁矩分和磁滞回,并出了成核场以及成核场和钉扎场分离的软磁厚度（临界厚度）的解析公.研究发现,当软磁厚度Ls较小时,钉扎场与成核场一致,磁滞回为矩形,对应的磁为刚性磁体;随着Ls增大,钉扎场与成核场发生分离,磁滞回在第二开发生倾斜,磁由刚性磁体变为交换弹簧磁体;随着软磁厚度进一增大,硬磁和软磁的磁矩反转对独立,磁由交换弹簧磁体变为退耦合磁体.解析推导表明,临界厚度和硬磁的磁晶异性的平方成反比,这一点与Kneller的估算公一致.据临界厚度的解析公,我们计算了同材料的临界厚度,并与实验值和Kneller等人的估算值进行了比较,探讨了差别产生的原因.     

在MgO(001)基板上生长连续的L10-FePt 纳米薄膜

用磁控溅射法在加热到400℃的MgO(001)基片上沉积了总厚度为25 nm 的[Fe(0.6 nm)/Fe_30.5Pt_69.5(1.9nm)]₁₀ 多层连续薄膜, 并对其在[500, 900]℃的温度范围进行了3h 的真空热处理. 结果表明, 薄膜在沉积过程中发生了层间扩散, 形成A1 相的FePt 合金, 表现为软磁特性; 热处理温度高于700℃时, 薄膜内形成L1₀ 相的(001)织构, 其单轴磁晶各向异性能高于2.5×10⁷ erg cc^-1; 薄膜能在800℃以下保持形貌连续. 借助于半导体载流子扩散和复合模型, 对薄膜在高温下形貌保持连续的机理进行了探讨. 分析认为, 虽然薄膜在沉积过程中发生了层间扩散, 但内部仍然残存微弱的周期性成分起伏, 这可以有效阻碍热处理过程中因相变而引起的Pt 元素析出, 从而抑制了因形成富Pt 晶界而导致的形貌不连续. 这种薄膜可以方便地用于微加工制作磁性阵列和隧道结.     

新型磁悬浮精密定位平台的研究

针对磁悬浮精密定位平台的运动稳定性问题，设计了一种新型六自由度磁悬浮精密定位平台，该平台采用12个空心电磁线圈做定子、36块永磁体做动子，悬浮部分与驱动部分相互独立，从而很好地解决了由电磁线圈铁心引起的非线性以及悬浮与驱动单元之间的相互耦合问题．采用罗仑兹定律，分析了永磁体长度、线圈电流和悬浮位移对悬浮稳定性的影响，确定了平台的悬浮平衡位置，建立了平台在平衡位置附近的悬浮数学模型，并进行了动态响应仿真研究．研究结果表明，该磁悬浮精密定位平台在悬浮电流为2A、悬浮高度为0．5mm时可以稳定悬浮，因此可应用于需要超精密定位和超洁净环境的半导体光刻装置中。     

退火温度对FePt薄膜物性的影响

用直流磁控溅射方法和原位退火工艺在玻璃基片上制备了Fe48Pt52纳米薄膜.研究发现,退火温度对FePt膜的微结构和磁特性有很大的影响,退火可以减小颗粒间的磁相互作用,矫顽力随退火温度的升高先急剧增大后减小,600℃退火处理的FePt样品平行膜面方向的矫顽力略大于垂直方向,分别达到了684.4,580.9 kA/m;650℃退火处理的FePt样品在2个方向上都获得了巨大的矫顽力,最大值达到了986.8 kA/m.     

Antifungal activity of magnetically separable Fe3O4/ZnO/AgBr nanocomposites prepared by a facile microwave-assisted method

In the present work, magnetically separable Fe-₃O₄/ZnO/AgBr nanocomposites with different weight ratios of Fe₃O₄ to ZnO/AgBr were prepared by a facile microwave-assisted method. The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy dispersive analysis of X-rays（EDX）, and vibrating sample magnetometery（VSM）. Antifungal activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated against Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum as two phytopathogenic fungi. Among the nanocomposites, the sample with 1:8 weight ratio of Fe₃O₄ to ZnO/AgBr was selected as the best nanocomposite. This nanocomposite inactivates Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium oxysporum at 120 and 60 min, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that the microwave irradiation time has considerable influence on the antifungal activity and the sample prepared by irradiation for 10 min showed the best activity. Moreover, the nanocomposite without any thermal treatment displayed the superior activity.     

Effect of cooling rate on the magnetic properties of Fe53Nd37Al10 alloy

The effect of cooling rate on the magnetic properties of the Fe₅₃Nd₃₇Al₁₀ alloy prepared by different methods, i.e., suction casting and melt spinning at different rates, was investigated. The Fe₅₃Nd₃₇Al₁₀ ribbon at the wheel speed of 5 m·s^?1 exhibits the highest coercivity in the samples. Two hard magnetic phases are detected from the hysteresis loops of the 5 m·s^?1 ribbon at all temperatures below room temperature. Their appearance is associated with different exchange coupling interactions, which are between the two kinds of hard magnetic phases or between the hard magnetic phase and the soft magnetic phase.     

Optimal design of sintered Ce_9Nd_(21)Fe_(bal)B_1 magnets with a low-melting-point (Ce,Nd)-rich phase

A systemic investigation was done on the chemistry and crystal structure of boundary phases in sintered Ce9Nd21FebalB1(wt%) magnets. Ce2Fe14B is believed to be more soluble in the rare-earth(RE)-rich liquid phase during the sintering process. Thus, the grain size and oxygen content were controlled via low-temperature sintering, resulting in high coercivity and maximum energy products. In addition, Ce formed massive agglomerations at the triple-point junctions, as confirmed by elemental mapping results. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) images indicated the presence of(Ce,Nd)Ox phases at grain boundaries. By controlling the composition and optimizing the preparation process, we successfully obtained Ce9Nd21FebalB1 sintered magnets; the prepared magnets exhibited a residual induction, coercivity, and energy product of 1.353 T, 759 k A/m, and 342 k J/m3, respectively.     

氧对Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)z永磁体性能和显微组织的影响

研究了氧对Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr)z永磁体性能的影响,并借助SEM、EDS和TEM等方法分析了永磁体的显微组织变化,讨论了影响磁体性能的原因.结果表明:在氧含量不高时(质量分数＜0.32%)对磁性能的影响不明显,永磁体具有良好的磁性能;在0.32%～0.4%时,随氧含量的增加磁性能开始下降;氧含量大于0.4%后,磁性能急剧恶化;当大于0.7%后,磁性能基本消失.随着氧含量的增加,磁体的晶粒尺寸减小,以Sm2O3为主的白色析出物增多.非磁性相的增多和有效Sm含量的减少是影响磁性能的主要原因.     

基于三维运动涡流场分析的永磁涡流联轴器特性

基于三维运动涡流场的有限元模型,分析了永磁涡流联轴器的电磁场分布,进而计算出主从转轴传递的功率和转矩.并研究了永磁体和铜盘的尺寸对装置特性的影响,得到永磁涡流联轴器的初步优化设计方案.永磁体占空比a确定在0.7左右;永磁体厚度hm选在其与输出功率P的关系曲线的拐点处较为合适;确定永磁极对数时,应根据不同的永磁体占空比确保扇形永磁体平均半径处的弧长l与径向宽度wm之比在相应范围内;铜盘厚度hcu在6~9mm范围内选取;铜盘内外径应根据铜盘径向宽度wcu与wm比值在1.2~1.6之间确定.最后通过样机实验验证了计算方法的正确性.     

STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP OF THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMERS——BLOCK COPOLYMERS

Block copolymers are marked by alternation of hard blocks and soft blocks, whereby the hard blocks are believed to form crystalline domains in non-crystalline matrix formed by aggregation of the soft blocks and a fraction of the hard blocks escaping crystallization. On the basis of this two-phase model a number of studies has been made varying the nature and length of hard and soft blocks. After reviewing some papers published in this field, it may be concluded that the system in which properties of thermoplastic elastomers are exhibited can be generally divided into three catalogues, they are polyurethane, polyether-ester, polyesteramide elastomers. Structure-property relationship of these thermoplastic elastomers are given in this paper.     

应用LCAO方法计算新型稀土永磁Y2Fe17Cx的居里温度

使用ＬＣＡＯ对永磁系列Ｙ２Ｆｅ１７Ｃｘ（ｘ＝０，１，２，３，）的电子结构计算结果，计算了该系列模型材料的居里温度，并和基底材料Ｙ２Ｆｅ１７作了对比．居里温度的增长系数和实验符合较好．     

Transient ferromagnetic-like state mediating ultrafast reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled spins

Ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic spin ordering is governed by the exchange interaction, the strongest force in magnetism. Understanding spin dynamics in magnetic materials is an issue of crucial importance for progress in information processing and recording technology. Usually the dynamics are studied by observing the collective response of exchange-coupled spins, that is, spin resonances, after an external perturbation by a pulse of magnetic field, current or light. The periods of the corresponding resonances range from one nanosecond for ferromagnets down to one picosecond for antiferromagnets. However, virtually nothing is known about the behaviour of spins in a magnetic material after being excited on a timescale faster than that corresponding to the exchange interaction (10-100?fs), that is, in a non-adiabatic way. Here we use the element-specific technique X-ray magnetic circular dichroism to study spin reversal in GdFeCo that is optically excited on a timescale pertinent to the characteristic time of the exchange interaction between Gd and Fe spins. We unexpectedly find that the ultrafast spin reversal in this material, where spins are coupled antiferromagnetically, occurs by way of a transient ferromagnetic-like state. Following the optical excitation, the net magnetizations of the Gd and Fe sublattices rapidly collapse, switch their direction and rebuild their net magnetic moments at substantially different timescales; the net magnetic moment of the Gd sublattice is found to reverse within 1.5 picoseconds, which is substantially slower than the Fe reversal time of 300 femtoseconds. Consequently, a transient state characterized by a temporary parallel alignment of the net Gd and Fe moments emerges, despite their ground-state antiferromagnetic coupling. These surprising observations, supported by atomistic simulations, provide a concept for the possibility of manipulating magnetic order on the timescale of the exchange interaction.     

FexPt100-x取向薄膜的结构与磁性

用电子束沉积法在加热到100℃的MgO（001）基板上生长了50nm厚的FexPt100-x取向薄膜,原子比成分范围为x=[10,85].在500℃进行保温2h的原位热处理后,分析样品的结构及沿面内和垂直于薄膜方向施加磁场的磁性行为.结果表明,随着x的增加,易磁化轴的方向在沿平行于膜面方向和垂直于膜面方向之间反复变化,取决于内秉的磁晶各向异性与外秉的形状各向异性之间的竞争.当x=60时,由于薄膜发生不完全的A1→L10相转变,形成了A1软磁相与L10硬磁相的复合体,样品沿平行和垂直于膜面方向磁化的矫顽力都达到5kOe（1Oe=79.5775Am-1）以上.沿膜面方向磁化时,矫顽力高于软磁相的磁晶各向异性场,并且正负向磁化的剩余磁化强度明显不相等.采用三磁畴软磁相模型,结合硬磁/软磁交换耦合作用,对此进行了解释.这种硬磁/软磁复合材料适合于用来制作磁力显微镜的各向同性高矫顽力探针.     

磁力显微镜在Nd-Fe-B硬磁材料上的应用

介绍了磁力显微镜（Magnetic Force Microscopy,MFM）的原理、操作以及用于Nd-Fe-B合金磁畴观察的研究状况。并用这种技术观察了粉末烧结和爆炸压制两种工艺制备的Nd-Fe-B合金的磁畴，给出了它们各自不同的畴结构特征。     

永磁直驱式带式输送机系统动态特性及能耗分析

为解决传统异步驱动式带式输送机效率低、能耗高的问题,基于机械动力学理论和磁力传动技术,对永磁直驱式带式输送机的运动模型和耗能情况进行深入研究。针对永磁直驱式带式输送机复杂的非线性机电耦合关系问题,以永磁电机驱动的带式输送机为主要研究对象,在带式输送机离散系统的简化动力学模型基础上,引入同步旋转坐标下的永磁同步电机状态方程,建立了基于机电耦合关系的永磁直驱式带式输送机系统模型,并通过Harrsion软启动速度推导出该系统模型在启动过程中的能耗解析式;以矢量控制技术对系统进行仿真分析,得到了永磁直驱式带式输送机的动态特性,表明了带速及张力变化规律符合实际运行工况,并进一步将永磁直驱式带式输送机与异步驱动式带式输送机相比较,得到启动过程的张力和能耗对比图,结果表明:在启动过程中永磁直驱式带式输送机具有更小的张力峰值,同时在整个启动过程中永磁直驱式带式输送机比异步驱动式带式输送机降低了约8%的能耗。     

新型永磁材料的研究

本文综述了我们对强各向异性永磁材料的研究结果．通过对各向异性稀土．铁氮永磁材料的结构和磁性的关系研究,利用速凝等技术实现对反磁化形核场的控制,获得了单晶颗粒型稀土铁氮化物,进而实现了高矫顽力和高磁能积．开发的稀土铁氮磁粉最大磁能积达到40MGOe以上．发现了HDDRNd2Fel4B各向异性形成的关键机制在于歧化阶段形成的具有“耗散结构特征”的柱状歧化微结构,据此提出了可以稳定生产高性能各向异性Nd—Fe．B的HDDR工艺,成功制备了磁能积为27MGOe的三元Nd—Fe—B磁粉和41MGOe多元Nd—Fe．B磁粉．同时还发现可以通过调控其微观结构来实现提高HDDR磁粉的矫顽力．另外利用铁磁Mn基材料强磁各向异性的特点,在无稀土永磁材料方面开发了纳米结构且具有反常矫顽力温度系数的MnBi磁体．上述成果的取得为高性能各向异性稀土粘结磁体的产业化提供了可能．     

磁流体密封装置最佳齿极参数计算

多极齿形结构的磁流体装置中齿形几何参数的选择是这类装置设计的核心问题．它决定该装置中磁场分布形态，从而影响了密封的质量．采用任意三角形网格划分的有限元法求解描述永磁－软铁系统性质的非线性Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，以矢量磁位Ａ为计算量得到磁流体密封装置中工作气隙的磁场分布数据．经多个齿形几何参数的比较，提出了磁流体密封装置的多极齿形结构设计中齿极宽度、槽宽度和槽深度的最佳参数．计算中考虑了磁铁的边缘效应、非线性效应及漏磁效应，计算结果较其他方法更可靠