焊接接头裂端塑性区发展与应力三轴性

采用有限元计算方法分析了平面应变条件下中心裂纹和三点弯曲不同强度匹配和裂纹深度试样中的裂端场．结果发现，焊接接头裂端应力三轴性随加载方式、裂纹长度及焊缝和母材匹配性质不同而变化，并从焊缝和母材塑性区发展及应变硬化方面进行了解释．同时指出，由于焊缝和母材塑性变形及交互作用导致的裂端韧带上拉应力的改变是不同接头中应力三轴性变化的根本原因     

基于强度组配对设计曲线的简单修正

将相当应变的观点应用到含有一个焊缝裂纹的焊接宽板中，可以看出焊缝金属与母材塑性的差异显著影响其断裂韧性和裂纹扩展驱动力，重要的一点是仅根据断裂韧性或裂纹扩展驱动力来衡量焊接接头非等组配的影响是不够的，如果材料的应力应变曲线合线性硬化规律，得出一个简单的ＣＴＯＤ设计曲线的修正表达式，可以用来预测焊接结构的极限载荷、极限应变或极限裂纹长度。     

不同裂纹位置焊接接头J积分有限元数值分析

针对焊接接头中母材、焊缝、热影响区的性能各不相同的问题，利用有限元方法，建立了焊接接头有限元计算模型，编写了，积分有限元计算程序。计算结果表明，在平面应变和平面应力两种状态下，焊接接头三个不同裂纹位置的，积分值与全母材和全焊缝材料的，积分值均不相同，但具有一定的规律性；裂纹分别处于焊接接头不同位置时的，积分有限元计算结果也不相同。根据各种情况下的有限元计算结果，结合焊接结构安全评定的工程实际提出了指导意见和建议。     

热影响区强度对裂纹尖端塑性区的作用

用弹塑性有限元（ANSYS软件）计算了低组配焊接接头中不同热影响区屈服强度条件下，接头裂纹尖端塑性区的形状和大小的变化。计算结果表明，热影响区屈服强度的变化对接头裂纹尖端塑性区影响规律为屈服强度的降低，塑性区增大，焊缝和母材的塑性区减少。抗断性能分析表明，热影响区强度变化导致裂纹尖端塑性区变化，从而影响热影响区和焊缝的抗断性能。     

基于三维XFEM计算的非匹配异种接头裂纹偏转验证

现有完整性评定将异种接头分为母材、焊缝、母材3 个部位,然而低匹配接头实际存在母材、热影响区(HAZ)、交界面、焊缝4 个部位.以CF62(母材)-316L(焊材)组合的低匹配接头为例,对其进行结构细分,对该低匹配接头进行断裂韧度试验时,裂纹向软质焊缝区偏转.笔者建立了低匹配接头的异质材料(交界面和HAZ)扩展有限元(...     

一种超细晶粒钢焊接宽板抗断裂性能的数值评估

800MPa超细晶粒钢具有优良的综合力学性能，但焊接热作用可能导致焊接热影响区的晶粒长大及局部软化。通过数值分析方法，以800MPa超细晶粒钢母材性能为参照，对其实际焊接接头的抗断裂性能进行了评估。采用MARC商用软件，对不同中心贯穿裂纹尺寸的母材及其实际焊接接头拉伸板模型进行了三维有限元计算和拉伸过程模拟。焊接方法为脉冲熔化极混合气体保护焊，焊接板的中心裂纹处于焊缝与热影响区之间的熔合区。用作对比的母材板的裂纹尺寸和位置、网格划分、边界条件等与焊接板完全相同。根据计算结果，分析了焊接接头力学不均匀性对应力应变场的影响，并依据全面屈服理论对裂纹张开位移（CYOD）值进行了分析。结果表明，焊接接头的CTOD值均低于同裂纹尺寸的全母材。因此，该拉伸板的抗断裂性能应优于全母材，焊接接头的局部软化并未对结构承载造成不利影响。     

残余压力场下的疲劳动裂纹扩展特性

以１６Ｍｎ钢焊接接头为研究对象，对焊接残余压应力场下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了研究，测定了应力为０．２，０．４，０．６条件下，母材，热影响区，焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率，同时对残余压应力场的变化情况进行了分析和研究，提出了预测１６Ｍｎ钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的数学模型。     

焊接力学性能不均匀性对材料延性断裂影响的研究

采用缺口拉伸试样，研究了高匹配焊接接头的力学性能不均匀性对焊缝及母材金属的断裂应变、断裂时的应力三轴性及临界空穴扩张比的影响。研究结果表明：焊接力学不均匀性，对材料的延性断裂行为有强烈的影响。对于母材金属，离焊缝愈近，其断裂应变愈大，而断裂时的应力三轴性愈小。临界空穴扩张比增大。     

残余压力场下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性

以１６Ｍｎ钢焊接接头为研究对象，对焊接残余压应力场下的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了研究．测定了应力比为０．２，０．４，０．６条件下，母材、热影响区、焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率，同时对残余压应力场的变化情况进行了分析和研究，提出了预测１６Ｍｎ钢焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的数学模型     

一种超细晶粒钢焊接宽板抗断裂性能的数值评估

800 MPa超细晶粒钢具有优良的综合力学性能,但焊接热作用可能导致焊接热影响区的晶粒长大及局部软化。通过数值分析方法,以800 MPa超细晶粒钢母材性能为参照,对其实际焊接接头的抗断裂性能进行了评估。采用MARC商用软件,对不同中心贯穿裂纹尺寸的母材及其实际焊接接头拉伸板模型进行了三维有限元计算和拉伸过程模拟。焊接方法为脉冲熔化极混合气体保护焊,焊接板的中心裂纹处于焊缝与热影响区之间的熔合区。用作对比的母材板的裂纹尺寸和位置、网格划分、边界条件等与焊接板完全相同。根据计算结果,分析了焊接接头力学不均匀性对应力应变场的影响,并依据全面屈服理论对裂纹张开位移(CTOD)值进行了分析。结果表明,焊接接头的CTOD值均低于同裂纹尺寸的全母材。因此,该拉伸板的抗断裂性能应优于全母材,焊接接头的局部软化并未对结构承载造成不利影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to