长沙典型地层土压平衡盾构掘进参数及表现预测

为对长沙典型地层土压平衡盾构的掘进表现进行预测,基于实际工程采集的砾岩、砂卵石和泥岩地层盾构施工记录数据,对主要施工参数在3类地层中的分布及变化特征进行统计分析。研究贯入度、场切入指数和掘进比能三者间的变化关系,并讨论地层可掘性问题。根据贯入度、场切入指数和掘进比能分类提出考虑地层条件的净掘进速率预测方法及经验模型,并用于4类地层的盾构掘进表现预测分析。研究结果表明:贯入度的最小和最大平均值分别出现在泥岩和砂卵石地层中;刀盘扭矩在砂卵石和泥岩地层中变化幅度较大,而在泥岩地层中平均值最大;砂卵石地层的总推进力比其他2类地层的总推进力高30%左右,3类地层的总推进力对刀盘扭矩影响特征有所差异;贯入度、场切入指数和掘进比能三者间相关性较好,可作为表征地层可掘性的指标。所提出的净掘进速率预测模型对4类地层盾构掘进表现的预测效果较好,具有一定的适用性。     

花岗岩球状风化发育区盾构施工特点分析

花岗岩发育地区球状风化体(俗称"孤石")的分布直接影响城市轨道交通工程的盾构施工。基于华南地区花岗岩球状发育区盾构施工工程案例,分析了在这一特殊地质环境下盾构施工在盾构机选型和盾构推进过程中参数控制相关问题,提出花岗岩球状风化体发育区盾构施工应合理选择盾构机,在孤石地层掘进时应控制掘进速度、刀盘扭矩、盾构机的推力,刀盘的贯入量以及刀盘的转速等施工参数,做到平稳掘进,减少对地层的扰动。     

复合地层土压平衡盾构刀盘掘进参数

土压平衡盾构在复合地层中掘进时常出现推力和扭矩波动幅度过大的问题,为了研究盾构机在复合地层中刀盘受力特点,基于扩展模型建立了不同类型全刀盘掘土数值模型,研究了全刀盘Mises应力以及推力和扭矩的变化规律,验证了数值计算结果的合理性。基于室内土压平衡盾构掘进试验,研究了盾构机掘进参数在不同地层中的变化规律。研究结果表明,随着刀盘推进深度增加,各类刀盘Mises应力最大值呈增加的趋势。各类地层全刀盘掘进模型的推力及扭矩计算误差均未超过10%,利用扩展Drucker-Prager模型所建立的全刀盘掘进模型是合理的。土压平衡盾构掘进模型试验表明,随着中风化泥质粉砂岩地层占比逐渐增大,盾构机推力有增大的趋势;盾构刀盘扭矩先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定;出土器扭矩变化不明显。整个推进过程中盾构机推力变化范围为6.0～7.7 kN,扭矩变化范围为773.4～1 195.8 N·m,出土器扭矩变化范围为32.5～104 N·m。     

基于能量原理的TBM刀盘掘进参数与刀间距匹配特性分析

全断面岩石掘进机是立体化城市建设的重要隧道施工机械,其掘进参数(贯入度和刀盘转速)和刀间距的合理匹配是全断面岩石掘进机施工效能的关键因素,同时也是制约刀盘布局与拓扑结构设计的重要依据.基于能量原理,以刀盘转动产生的动能作为输入能量,以岩石破坏释放的能量与滚刀由于摩擦产生的摩擦功作为输出能量,借助CSM滚刀受力预测公式,建立包含地质参数、刀盘掘进参数、滚刀刀间距等多领域参数相匹配的TBM破岩能量守恒模型.应用此模型,以MB264-311-8030,mm TBM刀盘为工程实例,通过给定刀间距计算贯入度,最终得到最小比能约束条件下的刀盘开挖时的刀盘转速介于经文献查阅得到的刀盘驱动基本参数,说明从合理能耗考虑刀盘的掘进转速模型具有一定的工程意义,也为多参数耦合刀盘刀具布置优化设计提供了理论参考.     

基于LS-SVM的TBM掘进参数预测模型

针对目前TBM数据挖掘能力和掘进参数优化预测分析的不足以及对未来TBM实现无人驾驶的展望,将最小二乘支持向量机（LS SVM）机器学习应用到TBM掘进参数预测中,从吉林引松工程TBM掘进数据中提取掘进上升段的刀盘扭矩、刀盘推力、总推力、推进速度这4个重要参数建立LS SVM预测模型,预测4个参数在稳定段的均值,并讨论了模型训练集大小、参数选取等对预测性能的影响。结果表明,以原始数据中均匀提取的样本、RBF核函数和10折交叉验证建立的LS SVM模型可以较为准确地预测稳定段中上述4个参数,验证了LS SVM机器学习预测TBM掘进参数的可行性。     

土压平衡式盾构机掘进性能评价方法

盾构机掘进性能是盾构机设计性能和施工操作复杂耦合作用的结果,依据盾构机掘进参数评价其掘进性能对盾构机刀盘结构设计和施工参数设定具有重要意义.在掘进参数基础上确定了影响土压平衡式盾构机掘进性能的评价指标,推导出刀盘扭矩和盾体推力的理论公式,基于性能评价指标构建了包括掘进能耗和效率的盾构机性能评价函数,并提出了盾构机掘进性能的参数化评价方法;通过结合现场施工数据对盾构机掘进性能进行了分析和评价,得出了掘进参数改进方法,并验证了其理论的正确性.该评价方法通过分析盾构机参数和地质参数可以评价盾构机掘进性能,并提供盾构机刀盘设计理论和施工参数设定方法.     

地铁区间软土隧道复合式土压平衡盾构适应性改造技术

针对某地铁六号线某区间工程特点,对复合式土压平衡盾构进行了盾体外径扩大、刀盘刀具更换和推进系统改造,并就改造后的刀盘结构和刀具配置掘进软土地层进行了详细的适应性分析,现场成功进行了100环管片掘进试验,得出了盾构机总推力、刀盘扭矩和转速、掘进速度、土压力以及同步注浆量等掘进参数,验证了改造复合式土压平衡盾构掘进软土地层...     

盾构穿越特殊地层掘进施工技术应用分析

针对郑州地铁2号线盾构法掘进施工过程中遇到的大量的姜石和胶结层,造成盾构机掘进迟缓、刀盘易"结饼"、扭矩增大等变化.从盾构机流体部分、电气部分、刀盘及回转接头等方面提出了改良措施,并对改良后的盾构机掘进速度、刀盘扭矩、总推力等参数和之前的数据进行拟合,分析改良效果.由于掘进隧道相邻既有建筑物,在进行路面沉降动态监测的过程中考虑了遮拦效应的影响,以保证施工的准确及安全性.这些改良措施提高了土体的流塑性,保证了土压平衡的建立,土体进入及排出土舱速度得到有效缓解,有效降低了刀盘的扭矩,而且刀盘扭矩的变化幅度也逐渐趋于平缓,避免了刀盘扭矩过大超过额定扭矩及刀盘"结饼"等现象.     

基于ABC-BP神经网络的地铁盾构地表沉降预测

为研究地层参数和盾构掘进参数与地表沉降的非线性关联性,依托南京地铁6号线盾构区间,采用人工蜂群算法ABC优化BP神经网络,建立可预测地表沉降的ABC-BP神经网络模型。连续3个断面地表沉降预测结果表明:ABC-BP神经网络的预测精度和预测稳定性优于BP神经网络,且预测值与实测值一致；ABC-BP神经网络可较为准确地反映盾构机接近监测断面过程中的地表变形演变规律,最终实现地表变形控制的目的。提出了ABC-BP神经网络现场应用思路,构建了地层-掘进参数-沉降的关系,进而通过地层参数直接实现对盾构掘进参数和地表变形控制。     

基于神经模糊推理系统的盾构施工地表沉降预测

盾构隧道施工引起的地表沉降,主要受盾构掘进参数和地层条件的影响,且各参数间关系复杂.已有地表沉降预测方法大都没有直接考虑掘进参数的影响,难以满足盾构快速施工超前预测预报和环境影响控制的需求.自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)是一种基于神经网络的模糊类智能模型,通过减法聚类数据细分技术自动生成模糊规则,使网络的节点和权值具有明确的物理意义,集成了神经网络数据自适应能力和模糊系统知识表达性能,特别适合于多元非线性系统的预测预报.结合北京地铁14号线东风北桥站至京顺路站区段工程实测数据,选取埋深、洞顶覆土标贯值、土仓压力、推进速度、刀盘转速、扭矩、盾构推力,以及同步注浆量为输入变量,建立了地表最大沉降量预测模型.计算结果表明,该模型计算量小,泛化能力强,计算精度高.研究成果为盾构施工地表沉降预测预报提供了新的技术方案.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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