一种基于结构熵的类内聚度度量方法

内聚度是指模块内各成分之间的联结强度。在面向对象软件系统中,内聚度主要是指类内部的属性和方法之间的联结强度。在类依赖图的基础上,提出了一种基于结构熵类内聚度度量方法,从类的属性与属性、属性与方法和方法与方法之间依赖关系3个方面对类的内聚度进行度量。并综合以上3种内聚度给出了一个类内聚度的度量方法,为评价类的内聚度提供了指南。     

构建复杂适应的创业支持系统

创业是经济增长和创新的推动力,也是国家、地区、企业具有可持续发展活力的基础。中国经济的持续、健康、快速发展需要的不仅是资源、机制,还需要创业精神。培育创业精神、提高创业能力必须构建复杂适应的创业支持系统。创业支持系统是由支持创业者创业和吸引创业者前来创业所需要的所有功能和支持主体所构成的系统。     

A partial robust optimization approach to inventory management for the offline-to-online problem under different selling prices

This study examines an optimal inventory strategy when a retailer markets a product at different selling prices through a dual-channel supply chain, comprising an online channel and an offline channel. Using the operating pattern of the offline-to-online (O2O) business model, we develop a partial robust optimization (PRO) model. Then, we provide a closed-form solution when only the mean and standard deviation of the online channel demand distribution is known and the offline channel demand follows a uniform distribution (partial robust). Specifically, owing to the good structural properties of the solution, we obtain a heuristic ordering formula for the general distribution case (i.e., the offline channel demand follows a general distribution). In addition, a series of numerical experiments prove the rationality of our conjecture. Moreover, after comparing our solution with other possible policies, we conclude that the PRO approach improves the performance of incorporating the internet into an existing supply chain and, thus, is able to adjust the level of conservativeness of the solution. Finally, in a degenerated situation, we compare our PRO approach with a combination of information approach. The results show that the PRO approach has more “robust” performance. As a result, a reasonable trade-off between robustness and performance is achieved.     

资源行为视角下机会导向和创新导向对新创企业成长的影响

新创企业成长要兼顾生存和长久发展两个重要战略目标，机会导向的短期获利性和创新导向的可持续发展性都对新创企业成长具有重要影响。从资源行为视角，探讨两种战略导向对新创企业成长的影响机制。基于资源基础理论和战略匹配理论，以网络嵌入和资源拼凑为中介变量，市场潜力为调节变量，构建机会导向和创新导向对新创企业成长影响的理论模型。利用205家新创企业数据进行实证分析，结果发现：机会导向和创新导向均对新创企业成长绩效有显著正向影响，但创新导向的影响效应更大；网络嵌入在机会导向与新创企业成长绩效间起部分中介作用，在创新导向与新创企业成长绩效无中介作用，资源拼凑在机会导向与新创企业成长绩效间起完全中介作用，在创新导向与新创企业成长绩效间起部分中介作用；市场潜力正向调节机会导向和创新导向以及网络嵌入对新创企业成长绩效的影响，但在资源拼凑与新创企业成长绩效间无调节作用。     

不同借贷利率下的投资组合选择——-基于均值和VaR的效用最大化模型

用VaR代替方差来度量风险,从而把基于均值和方差的效用函数拓展为基于均值和VaR的一般二元效用函数（关于均值递增,关于VaR递减）,进而研究含无风险资产且具有不同借贷利率时投资组合选择的效用最大化模型.利用均值-VaR模型有效边界的性质,得到了一般效用函数下最大效用存在的条件及最优解的本质特征,并给出了求解的具体方法和数值算法.最后作为结论的直接应用和说明,利用中国股票市场数据给出了一个实例分析.     

考虑违约风险的兼顾保险公司与再保险公司利益的最优投资与再保险问题研究

本文主要研究了考虑违约风险的兼顾保险公司与再保险公司共同利益的最优投资与再保险问题.假设索赔过程由带漂移的几何布朗运动描述,保险公司可以投资于一无风险资产、一支股票和一可违约债券,再保险公司可以投资于一无风险资产和一支股票.以两家公司终端财富的期望指数效用乘积最大为目标,采用随机控制理论建立优化问题对应的HJB方程,进而分别得到违约前和违约后的最优策略和价值函数.最后本文分析了各模型参数对最优投资和再保险策略的影响,并给出相应的经济解释.     

An Economic Model-Based Matching Approach Between Buyers and Sellers Through a Broker in an Open E-Marketplace

A broker in an open e-marketplace enables buyers and sellers to do business with each other. Although a broker plays an important role in e-marketplaces, theory and guidelines for matching between buyers and sellers in multi-attribute exchanges are limited. Therefore, a challenge for a broker’s responsibility is how to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree as its goals under the consideration of trade-off between a buyer’s buying quantity and price paid to a seller, and other attributes. To solve this challenge, this paper proposes an economic model-based matching approach between a buyer’s requirements and a seller’s offers. The major contributions of this paper are that (i) a broker can model a seller’s price policy as per a buyer’s buying quantity through communication between a broker and a seller; (ii) due to each buyer’s different quantity demand, a broker models a buyer’s satisfaction degree as per a buyer’s buying quantity based on communication between a broker and a buyer; and (iii) to carry out a broker’s matching processes, an objective function and a set of constraints are generated to help a broker to maximize a buyer’s total satisfaction degree. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed approach.     

A Formal Framework for Spreadsheet System

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Generating semi-algebraic invariants for non-autonomous polynomial hybrid systems

Hybrid systems are dynamical systems with interacting discrete computation and continuous physical processes, which have become more common, more indispensable, and more complicated in our modern life. Particularly, many of them are safety-critical, and therefore are required to meet a critical safety standard. Invariant generation plays a central role in the verification and synthesis of hybrid systems. In the previous work, the fourth author and his coauthors gave a necessary and sufficient condition for a semi-algebraic set being an invariant of a polynomial autonomous dynamical system, which gave a confirmative answer to the open problem. In addition, based on which a complete algorithm for generating all semi-algebraic invariants of a given polynomial autonomous hybrid system with the given shape was proposed. This paper considers how to extend their work to non-autonomous dynamical and hybrid systems. Non-autonomous dynamical and hybrid systems are with inputs, which are very common in practice; in contrast, autonomous ones are without inputs. Furthermore, the authors present a sound and complete algorithm to verify semi-algebraic invariants for non-autonomous polynomial hybrid systems. Based on which, the authors propose a sound and complete algorithm to generate all invariants with a pre-defined template.     

基于生态经济学理论与方法的生态补偿量化研究

以生态系统服务和生态足迹的理论和方法为基础,从国家宏观层面建立生态补偿的判定标准、量化模型和计算方法.在此基础上以中国各省份为例,研究中国区域之间的生态补偿量化问题.结果表明:1)生态赤字大小的顺序为东部>中部>西部,而生态系统服务价值贡献顺序恰好相反.2)东部地区该支付的生态补偿总量为439.50×108yuan/a,各省平均为73.25×108yuan/a;中部总量为482.98×108yuan/a,各省平均为40.25×108yuan/a,西部总量158.56×108yuan/a,各省平均为12.20×108yuan/a.建议国家建立生态补偿基金,协调区域生态服务与生态占用的矛盾.     

环境风险知觉的空间折扣模型

环境风险有着典型的空间特征, 但空间距离对于风险知觉的影响机制与模式还缺乏深入研究. 该研究从环境风险现实背景中提炼出科学化问题, 提出了一个面向空间风险的偏好公理体系, 推导出指数模式的概率-空间距离权衡关系, 并用一个空间折扣模型刻画了个体的环境风险评价方式. 模型表明, 个体在心理上将远处的风险事件映射到近端位置, 而空间距离导致一种风险感知的折扣效应, 表现为个体降低了对环境后果严重性及其可能性的主观估计. 该模型首次依托一般性的环境风险事件建立了空间距离与概率之间的显性联系, 为空间背景下的风险研究提供了一个有用的框架. 该研究也有助于理解社会个体的环境风险知觉方式, 对于环境风险管理有着重要启示.     

基于仿射混杂系统控制设计的机器人导航控制

根据单纯形仿射混杂系统的可达性分析设计控制律,使机器人在平面任意两点间运行,保证其安全性并考虑其最优性.对机器人的状态空间进行三角划分,根据目标吸引原理来建立其对偶图,针对对偶图提出路径规划算法得到最短路径穿越的三角形序列.然后根据仿射系统在单纯形中的性质,提出运动规划算法,得到机器人的角速度和线速度,控制机器人穿越给定的三角形序列到达目标点.仿真结果表明了方法的有效性.     

汇率与公司利润

汇率的一个重要职能就是价格转换功能,它是形成各种相对价格的基础。汇率变化会通过相对价格的变化而对一个国家的贸易收支状况和公司的价值,利润及其它的财务指标产生较大的影响。本文将探讨汇率变化对进出口企业利润产生的影响。在假定生产厂商追求利润最大化目标的前提下,作者得出了如下的结果：１）对于纯出口型企业,公司利润对汇率的弹性为国外对公司出口产品的需求弹性;２）对于纯进口型企业,公司利润对汇率的弹性为公司进口产品的需求弹性;３）对于进出口型企业,公司利润对汇率的弹性为０,即汇率变化对该类公司利润不产生影响。最后,作者提供了测算进,出口企业利润对汇率弹性的一般方法。     

混合系统的面向对象仿真

提出了一种新的混合系统自动机模型。该模型把混合系统看作是由系统行为模式集、连续状态空间、外部输入集、演化函数集、转移函数集、外部输入函数集等组成的六元组,对混合系统的行为具有很强的描述能力。在此基础上,利用面向对象思想,把混合系统看作由实体对象、时序对象和界面对象组合而成的对象,建立了混合系统的面向对象仿真模型,并讨论了其仿真逻辑。这一模型为混合系统的仿真提供了通用的框架。     

基于 ITFN 信息关联输入的改进群体 MULTIMOORA 决策方法

提出基于直觉梯形模糊数(intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy number, ITFN)极小、极大期望值的序关系判别准则, 并引入风险系数构建ITFN相对完善的带有决策者风险偏好的运算规则, 在此基础上定义直觉梯形模糊Bonferroni (intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy Bonferroni, ITFB)平均算子, 验证其相关性质. 针对决策者之间、属性之间分别存在关联关系且权重均未知的多属性群决策问题, 提出基于ITFN信息关联输入的改进群体MULTIMOORA决策方法. 首先, 构建直觉梯形模糊决策矩阵序列, 予以标准化处理, 并将其转化为极小期望决策矩阵序列; 其次, 综合利用基于熵权法和考虑决策者偏好关联的基于2-可加模糊测度与Choquet积分联合的主客观赋权法确定决策者权重及属性权重; 最后, 分别引入WITFB平均算子及ITFN的Hamming 距离以改进传统MULTIMOORA决策方法, 基于优势理论可对方案展开综合排序以确定最优方案. 通过算例分析验证本文方法的可行性及有效性.     

The Vision Conference: Facilitating Creative Processes

This paper presents the principles behind the design and management of the Vision Conference: a one-day workshop in which a large group of participants meet to create ideas, projects, and visions for the future activities of a local community or an organization. A case study from a local community in Denmark is also presented to illustrate the organization, planning, and management of a Vision Conference. The paper focuses on the three central social processes of the conference: group work, problem solving, and facilitation. The paper ends with a discussion of creativity and creativity techniques suitable for Vision Conferences.     

Three-step iterations for nonexpansive mappings and inverse-strongly monotone mappings

This paper introduces a three-step iteration for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of the variational inequality for an inverse-strongly monotone mapping by viscosity approximation methods in a Hilbert space. The authors show that the iterative sequence converges strongly to a common element of the two sets, which solves some variational inequality. Subsequently, the authors consider the problem of finding a common fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping and a strictly pseudo-contractive mapping and the problem of finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of zeros of an inverse-strongly monotone mapping. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results announced by Nakajo, Takahashi, and Toyoda. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10771050.     

此在、共在与能在：人机界面的哲学之旅

作为网络时代的窗口,人机界面既＂解蔽＂了一个＂可能世界＂,也形塑了一种＂多元离心＂主体。由此改变了人们的思维版图,体现了技术、语言与社会从＂此在＂、＂共在＂到＂能在＂的耦合历程。这一过程使得人们开始质疑自柏拉图以来关于知识的定义,因为＂理念＂的＂蓝本＂与＂摹本＂界限已经模糊,知识的生产不再是对理念的＂摹写＂,而是直接按照复制的观念进行生产。这一过程还展现了一种新的＂符号互动技术＂模型,时间上的共时性和空间上的抽离性,不仅激发了复杂的多线程逻辑空间思考,也进一步促进了思想过程的视觉化。这是否意味着人机界面已成为一种海德格尔意义上的＂语言机器＂,或者一种福柯意义上的＂全景式＂监视窗口？至少在这里,科学已经变成可能性的艺术,我们不再关心世界本源,只想知道世界如何可能。     

基于T-不变量的可重复向量的求解算法

研究了Petri网中T-不变量与可重复向量之间的关系,并基于此关系给出一个求解可重复向量的新方法。首先定义了变迁扩充网的概念,证明一个网的可重复向量与其变迁扩充网的T-不变量之间存在一一对应关系,从而将一个网可重复向量的求解转换为其变迁扩充网T-不变量的求解上。在此方法中,如果利用FM-算法去求解T-不变量,则某些求解的步骤可以省略,从而得到一个类似于FM-算法的算法来求解可重复向量。此算法能够求出一组可重复向量,而任一可重复向量都可被这组可重复向量非负有理系数线性表出。     

SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS： INTO PRACTICE

Modeling a business to match its customer perceived （and customer desired） outcomes, remains an on-going task. This paper considers shows how a service value networks （SVNs） approach may be engaged to model, and deliver, understanding of the front-end business and its direct engagement with its immediate （or front-end） customers. These front-end customers may be either： （1） its off-line, in-store customers - engaging directly with the business sales staff （or representative）, or-（2） its on-line, virtual customers - engaging with the business via internet or remote access. In this situation, both the business, and the customer draw upon their respective viewpoints, and both sides influence the interaction. External to these business and customer influences are additional factors that capture the immediate and broader global effects - termed environmental effects. These three business-customer engagement areas of influence are captured by a SVN SEM approach.
Without a business-customer encounter of some kind the likelihood of a services business, and a prospecting customer, successfully engaging in an exchange process is reduced. This exchange may be a physical, and/or services exchange, and/or an information and/or ideas exchange. To the business, this encounter is, in effect, a trade, and as a result, the business targets acquiring an economic exchange that will ultimately deliver a net positive economic outcome. To the customer, external and internal information feeds, servicing, perceived value, and satisfaction, are key encounter drivers. SVNs offers a new way to understand the business-customer encounter, and to then utilize this acquired knowledge to either： （1） build a strategic management model, or （2） reengineer its business networks, and to then create a re-positioned, more customer-aligned business operation - one that is capable of delivering win - win, competitive business-customer solutions.