湘方言的“娭（母也）”和客家方言的“（女哀）姐”

“娭（母也）”主要流行于湘方言地区，“（女哀）姐”主要流行于客家话地区。“娭”比较准确地记录了湘方言nai的词音；“（女哀）”是客家人或者说是其他文人专门为客家地区所造的俗字。“（母也）”字较早出现在《方言》中，“姐”字较早出现在《说文》中。“（母也）”和“姐”在早期（汉代或者汉代以前）都是指称母亲。“娭（母也）”和“（女哀）姐”在词源上是同源的。在使用上、意义上、色彩上和地域范围上则有所不同。比较它们的异同，探索它们的源流，分析它们的意义和使用情况，可以加深对“娭（母也）”和“（女哀）姐”的了解。加深对方言称谓词的认识，补充现有字典词典之不足。丰富现代汉语词汇的研究。     

《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2001～2006年被MR和ZB1数据库收录结果统计

目的了解《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2001年以来被美国《数学评论》（MR）以及德国《数学文摘》（ZB1）数据库收录检索情况。方法通过MR和ZB1网站检索页面，逐年逐篇进行检索。结果截至2006年9月中旬，《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2001年以来被MR数据库累计收录112条，被ZB1数据库累计收录163条。结论今后应进一步加强数学稿件组稿力度，刊发高质量论文，以提高MR和ZB1收录比率。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC》收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。本刊2004年开设了“水电论坛”栏目，     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。本刊2004年开设了“水电论坛”栏目，     

上博藏战国楚竹书(四)《内豊》篇集释

上博藏战国楚竹书（四）中的《内豊》篇的部分内容与传世本《大戴礼记》中的“曾子立孝”与“曾子事父母”中的部分内容相同或相近，另外还有些未见于传世文献的内容，是一篇珍贵而较重要的先秦儒家文献。自上博四简公布以来，有不少学者对《内豊》提出了释读意见。本集注收集了迄今重要的观点，详为之察辨，且提出了一些个人见解。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC））收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC》收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC》收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。本刊2004年开设了“水电论坛”栏目，主要刊载反映国内外水电建设中的最新科研成果和工程应用的论文。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC}}收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。     

水电论坛栏目征文

《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》是科技部中国科技论文统计源期刊和俄罗斯《文摘杂志》、美国《化学文摘》、英国《INSPEC》收录期刊，并已加入《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》和“中国期刊网”，在水利电力行业有一定的影响力和知名度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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