大鼠端脑神经元型一氧化氮合酶免疫阳性神经元的分布

目的 :观察大鼠端脑神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)免疫阳性神经元的分布。方法 :ABC免疫细胞化学法显示大鼠端脑nNOS阳性神经元。结果 :nNOS阳性神经元呈棕褐色 ,胞体的形态多样化 ,呈梭形、三角形、圆形等多种形状 ,突起有一个或多个 ;阳性纤维呈棕色串珠状 ,个别脑区阳性纤维相互交织成网。端脑nNOS免疫阳性神经元主要分布于嗅结节 (包括海马回 )、梨状区 (包括梨状皮质和梨状核 )、斜角带、隔区、杏仁复合体、海马结构、尾壳核和苍白球 ,以及大脑皮质等各个部位 ,其中以大脑皮质、梨状区和斜角带、尾壳核等部位最为丰富。结论 :大鼠端脑内分布有丰富的nNOS阳性神经元 ,它们可能通过调节神经递质的分泌 ,参与脑的高级整合功能。     

Abnormal expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Duchenne muscular dystrophy muscles

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic disease for the youth and children. 8 biopsies of DMD patients were determined and demonstrated that the membrane_binding nitric oxide synthase was enriched in normal skeletal muscles and was little in DMD muscles. The results from Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was overexpressed in DMD muscle fibers, while a small amount of highly localized iNOS can be found in normal fibers. Based on these findings, it is proposed that the mechanism of progressive injury in DMD muscle might be associated with the abnormal expression of iNOS.     

高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质对大鼠一氧化氮合成酶活性的影响

为了探讨高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质（FSC）的抗缺氧机制，40只SD大鼠随机分为4组：10％FSC组、10％FSC缺氧组、空白对照组和空白缺氧组。FSC组和空白组分别用10％FSC和蒸馏水连续灌胃30d，剂量为每天20mL/kg。灌胃结束后，10％FSC缺氧组和空白缺氧组大鼠在5000m海拔高度下，连续缺氧15d，每天8h，测定各组大鼠血清一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）活性。结果发现，在5000m海拔高度条件下，10％FSC在缺氧条件下能显著提高大鼠血清NOS活性和NO含量（P＜0.05)。     

Regulation between nitric oxide and MAPK signal transduction in mammals

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. It exhibits a wide range of effects during physiological and pathophysiological processes. Typical beneficial properties of NO include the regulation of vascular tone,the protection of cells against apoptosis, the modulation of immune responses, and the killing of microbial pathogens. On the other hand,NO may cause severe vasodilation and myocardial depression during bacterial sepsis or act as a cytotoxic and tissue-damaging molecule in autoimmune diseases. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases that are widely distributed in mammalian cells. MAPK cascade plays pivotal roles in gene expression, cell proliferation, differentiation, neuronal survival and programmed cell death under a variety of experimental conditions. MAPKs transduce the signal for the cellular response to extracellular stresses or stimuli. The relation between them, however, has never been reviewed. Based on our researches and other reports in the field, we review their reciprocal regulatory functions.     

不同动物小肠肌间神经丛内NOS神经元分布的比较

采用NADPH-黄递酶组织化学法对草鱼、牛蛙、家鸡和大鼠小肠肌间神经丛内NOS阳性神经元的分布进行了比较研究．结果表明，NOS阳性产物在草鱼肌间神经丛中未见分布，而在其它几类动物中阳性反应明显．但在不同动物NOS阳性神经元的形态、分布、密度及神经纤维的分布存在差异．在牛蛙、家鸡和大鼠的小肠肌间神经丛中，NOS阳性神经元的分布从分散到集中，形态呈现由不规则形到规则形再到不规则形的复杂变化；神经节从无到有，神经网络由不发达趋于发达；而在每种动物中，NOS阳性神经元的密度沿肠道由前向后基本呈上升趋势，这种节段性的差异牛蛙极显著，家鸡和大鼠则不甚显著．实验结果提示，随着动物的进化，一氧化氮能神经元在肠肌间神经丛中的分布也更加复杂而有序，从而使胃肠道的调节更加精确．     

Regulation of embryo implantation by nitric oxide in mouse

Intrauterine injection and zymography were used to investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on embryo implantation in mice. On day 3, one uterine horn of female pregnant mice was injected intraluminally with various doses of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), while the contralateral horn served as control. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 7 of gestation, and the number of implanted embryos in each horn was calculated. The results showed that lower doses (0.05 mg L-NAME) did not inhibit implantation significantly (P > 0.05), but high doses (0.2 mg L- NAME) resulted in a significant reduction in the number of implanted embryos (P < 0.05). Co-administration of SNP, a generator of NO, with L-NAME would reverse the antiimplantation effect of L-NAME. To further understand the precise mechanism of NO in implantation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activities were detected by gelatin zymography. The reduction in the number of implanted embryos in 0.2 mg L-NAME treated group was associated with decreased MMP-9 activity but a stable MMP-2 activity. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not changed in L-NAME and SNP treated group. These data suggest that NO acts as a mediator to regulate the activity of MMP-9, and facilitates embryo implantation.     

Influence of magnetic field on nitric oxide and neuropeptide Y in rat adrenal gland

We have investigated the effects of magnetic fields on nitric acid (NO) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) on adrenal glands of the rat using NO nitric acid reductase-spectrophotometry ↭d histochemistry techniques. We found that all cellular layers of the adrenal cortex, including zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticularis were stained by NADPH-d, and some chromaffin cells of the medulla were positive for NPY. Furthermore, magnetic fields increased NO so strongly that high NO levels could be maintained for several hours, as well as some neuroganglion cells in medulla that were double-stained for NPY and NADPH-d. Our data showed that the magnetic field can regulate endocrine and neuroendocrine directly by some action on parenchyma cells, or indirectly by action to NO-ergic, NPY-ergic neurons in the adrenal gland.     

糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮浓度的变化

目的 :观察不同病程糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮 (NO)浓度变化 ,探讨糖尿病大鼠血清NO变化的规律和意义。方法 :建立链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型 ,分别在第 2、7、12周 3个时期取血清 ,葡萄糖酶法测定血清葡萄糖 ,硝酸还原酶法测定血清NO含量。结果 :(1)血糖变化　对照组各时期血糖值维持在正常水平 ;糖尿病组大鼠各时期血糖均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )血清NO浓度变化　对照组各时期血清NO浓度无显著性差异 ;糖尿病组大鼠 2周时血清NO浓度明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;7周、12周时糖尿病组大鼠血清NO浓度恢复到正常水平 ,与对照组相比无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :NO是糖尿病发生的重要因子之一 ,但可能与血糖的调节无关。     

中国人群eNOS基因内含子13微卫星多态性的初步研究

目的：为研究ｅＮＯＳ基因内含子１３上的微卫星序列与妊高症的相关性。方法：采用ＰＣＲ－ＰＡＧＥ与银染相结合的方法，研究其多态性。结果：得到含有该微卫星序列的ＤＮＡ片段。结论：证实在中国人群中ｅＮＯＳ基因内含子１３上的确存在一个ＣＡ重复的多态性微卫星序列，从而为研究该位点与妊高病的相关性提供了技术支持和理论依据。     

维吾尔族内皮型一氧化氮合酶基因4a/b VNTR多态性分布特征

 应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术, 检测99 例(男性38 例, 女性61 例)无血缘关系的维吾尔族健康人群的内皮型-氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS)基因第4 内含子数目可变性串联重复序列(4a/b VNTR)多态性, 探讨eNOS 基因4a/b VNTR 多态性在中国维吾尔族健康人群中的分布特征。结果发现, 99 例健康维吾尔族人群中, aa 基因型频率为2.02%(4 例), ab 基因型频率为22.22%(22 例), bb 基因型频率为75.76%(75 例)。男女两组基因型和等位基因的分布差异不显著(P=0.194, P=0.382, P>0.05)。aa、ab、bb、ab+bb 基因型的各种生理生化指标用单因素方差分析进行比较, 不同基因型的生理生化指标之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。维吾尔族eNOS 基因4a/b VNTR 多态性与国内外各民族群体进行比较, 维吾尔族人群eNOS 基因aa+ab 基因型频率显著低于河南汉族、中国台湾汉族、北方汉族和巴西黑人(P<0.05, P< 0.01), 明显高于广东汉族(P=0.050)。a、b、c 3 种等位基因进行比较, 维吾尔族与河南汉族、中国台湾汉族、广东汉族、法国人和巴西黑人有显著性差异(P<0.05, P< 0.01)。结果显示, eNOS 基因4a/b VNTR 多态性符合Hardy-Weinbery 遗传平衡规律(χ²=0.017, P=0.991, P>0.05), 群体具有代表性。由此得出, 维吾尔族eNOS 基因4a/b VNTR 多态性与国内外的一些民族间存在显著性差异。     

一氧化氮吸入对缺氧性肺动脉高压患者一氧化氮合酶和内皮素的影响

探讨吸入一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对缺氧性肺动脉高压患者一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）和内皮素（ＥＴ）的影响。方法：１３例肺动脉高压患者行ＮＯ吸入，分别于吸入ＮＯ前、吸入３０ｍｉｎ时、停止吸入２ｈ和１２ｈ时采肺动脉血，测白细胞中的ＮＯＳ及血浆中的ＥＴ。结果：吸入ＮＯ前、吸入３０ｍｉｎ时、停止吸入２ｈ和１２ｈ，所测ＮＯＳ值分别为（０７０±０．２１）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１、（０７４±０１４）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１、（０６４±０２２）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１和（０６３±０１７）ｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍｇ－１；所测ＥＴ为（７８８９±４６５９）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（８８２７±４５４１）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（８０７６±４２６６）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（６１０７±２９．４４）ｐｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１；后三者同吸入前比，均Ｐ＞００５。结论：缺氧性肺高压患者吸入ＮＯ对机体ＮＯＳ和ＥＴ未见明显影响     

部分液体通气结合吸入NO对实验性急性肺损伤的疗效

目的:评价以氟碳(PFC)为媒介的部分液体通气(PLV)结合吸入NO对急性肺损伤(ALI)动物肺气体交换和血液动力学的影响。方法:16只2 5～30kg的雌性健康家猪在麻醉后经气管导管以生理盐水反复肺内灌洗,直到动脉氧分压(PaO2 ) <13 3kPa达1h ,成为急性肺损伤模型,随机分为PLV组和对照组。对照组行常规机械通气2h ;PLV组经气管导管内灌以30mL/kgPFC(FC -77) ,2h后吸入体积分数为10 - 5NO观察30min ,然后停止吸入NO观察30min。记录不同时段肺气体交换和血液动力学参数。结果:PLV组PFC治疗1h ,动脉氧分压(PaO2 )与ALI时比较显著升高(P <0 0 5 ) ,平均肺动脉压(MPAP)显著升高(P <0 0 5 ) ;吸入NO与停止吸入NO比较,PaO2 无显著性升高(P >0 0 5 ) ,同时,Qs/Qt和MPAP亦无显著性降低(P >0 0 5 )。结论:PLV结合吸入NO与单独PLV比较,不能进一步降低急性肺损伤动物的肺动脉高压和肺内分流,亦不能有效增加氧合     

补充白藜芦醇对大强度运动大鼠心肌损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨RES对大强度运动心肌过氧化损伤的保护作用.方法:在活动跑台上建立大强度运动模型,测试心肌各项过氧化损伤指标.结果:大强度运动可造成大鼠心肌MDA,TNOS,iNOS,NO显著升高,TSOD,CuZn-SOD,GSH-Px,cNOS,Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase显著下降.补充RES可使大鼠运动后心肌MDA,TNOS,iNOS,NO下降,TSOD,CuZn-SOD,Mn-SOD,GSH-Px,cNOS,Na+,K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase升高.结论:RES可增强心肌的抗氧化能力,保持心肌酶活性.提示RES对大强度运动后心肌过氧化损伤具有保护作用.     

一氧化氮的特殊生物学效应

从生物学的角度对一氧化氮的生物合成、作用机理和生理功能进行了介绍，并根据有关研究资料就机体内一氧化氮浓度对某些疾病的影响作了阐述。     

Up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase BM3F87V

Cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), have been suggested to be an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). However, the interaction or relation between EDHF and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is still to be elucidated. In the present study, the regulation of eNOS by endogenous EDHF is examined. The cytochrome P450 epoxygenase BM3F87V is cloned into the mammalian expression vector pCB6. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) less than 4 passages are used and transfected with BM3F87V. The effects of endogenous EETs result from BM3F87V transfection on eNOS are assessed in the endothelial cells by Western blot and Northern blot, and eNOS activity is also measured by the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. Compared to transfection with the empty pCB6 vector, transfection of BAECs with BM3F87V significantly elevates the levels of eNOS protein expression, which is markedly inhibited by treatment with CYP inhibitor 17-ODYA. BM3F87V transfection also elevates the eNOS mRNA level and increases the eNOS activity. This study suggests that EDHF up-regulates eNOS gene expression.     

Effects of Micronutrient Niacin on Treatment Efficiency of Textile Wastewater

0 IntroductionMioclroogincuatlri pernotsce pslsaeys afo vrer wyais tmepwoarttaernt t rroelaetmine nbti- .A widerange of micronutrientsis required byactiva-ted sludge[1-5]. Adequate trace nutrient concentra-tions ,including metal ions and vitamins , are re-quiredtosupport all the genera presentinthe activa-ted sludgetreatment systemfor a diverse communityto survive. The lack of specific nutrients may resultin an unbalanced mixed culture,leading to poor-quality effluent , reduced treatment effic…     

大鼠颅脑冷冻伤后一氧化氮的变化及其对脑水肿的影响

目的：探讨脑冷冻性损伤后一氧化氮(NO)与脑水肿的关系及其对脑水肿的影响。方法：建立大鼠脑冷冻伤脑水肿模型，测定伤后伤侧脑组织水的质量分数和颈静脉血NO量，并应用一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂进行治疗。结果：伤后伤侧颈静脉血NO浓度增加，但随着脑水肿的加重，NO浓度呈进行性下降。应用NOS抑制剂可以有效减少脑组织水的质量分数。结论：NO与创伤性脑水肿的发生和发展密切相关，NOS抑制剂也许可以用于治疗脑水肿。     

晚期糖基化终产物对大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中一氧化氮含量及其合成酶活性的影响

通过观察大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)含量的变化对一氧化氮(NO)含量及其合成酶(NOS)活性的影响,探讨AGEs在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(DMED)发生发展中的作用.成年雄性SD大鼠60只,随机取40只用于制作糖尿病模型,造模成功的大鼠分为两组:糖尿病(DM)组和糖尿病 氨基胍给药(DM AG)组;另20只大鼠亦分为两组:正常对照(CONTROL)组和正常对照 氨基胍给药(CONTROL AG)组;氨基胍(AG)给药组大鼠造模后即在其饮水中按1 g/L剂量加入AG.饲养8周后取各组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织,匀浆后检测AGE-肽(AGE-P)含量、NO含量及各型NOS酶活性.DM组阴茎海绵体组织中AGE-P含量、NO含量及诱导型NOS(iNOS)活性明显高于CONTROL组(P＜0.05),而结构型NOS(cNOS)活性则明显低于后者(P＜0.05),而AG则明显减少了DM大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中AGE-P、NO的生成和减弱了iNOS活性,增强了cNOS活性;CONTROL组与CONTROL AG组间比较在各项指标上则无明显差异(P＞0.05).糖尿病状态下AGEs可以引起大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中cNOS活性减弱,iNOS活性增强,过量的NO生成,可能引起阴茎组织细胞的凋亡,导致阴茎勃起功能的损伤.     

重组诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因转染血管平滑肌细胞及对其增殖的影响

探讨重组诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因转染血管平滑肌细胞及产生的一氧化氮对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。将诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因通过真核表达载体转入血管平滑肌细胞中 ,用Griess法测定转染细胞生成的一氧化氮的量。观察转染后平滑肌细胞生长状态情况 ,用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期的变化。结果正常细胞组NO的含量为78.4 4± 1 5 .38,而iNOS转染组NO含量为 2 36 .5 7± 31 .83,两组相比有非常显著差异 (P =0 .0 0 0 ,n =6 ) ,血管平滑肌细胞转染后生成一氧化氮。转染后的平滑肌细胞生长明显受到抑制 ,主要抑制平滑肌细胞周期G1 S期的过渡 ,使细胞停留在G1期。说明血管平滑肌细胞可以成功转染iNOS基因 ,生成的一氧化氮可明显抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖 ,为从血管非内皮成分进行iNOS基因转染提供了实验研究的依据     

一氧化氮的细胞内信号转导

本文从一氧化氮/环鸟苷酸途径;激活环氧化酶;调节蛋白激酶C;影响转录因子等多个方面对一氧化氮(NO)的细胞内信号转导途径进行了阐述.