一种镍基单晶高温合金的反相热机械疲劳行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法研究了一种镍基单晶高温合金在600~900℃的反相位热机械疲劳行为,旨在探讨单晶合金的热疲劳变形及断裂机制,丰富单晶合金热机械疲劳理论。试验结果表明：当应变幅由0.6%增大至0.9%时,热机械疲劳寿命下降,塑性应变量和应力范围增大。合金的循环应力响应曲线在低温半周表现为循环硬化行为,而在高温半周则表现为循环软化行为。合金主要的变形特征是局部区域滑移带的运动。热机械疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面应力集中处,并沿着滑移带在{111}面向合金内部扩展,拉应力对合金的断裂起到了主导作用。     

The strain ampli tude-controlled cyclic fatigue behavior of Al2O3 fiber reinforced Al–Si alloy composite at elevated temperatures

The strain amplitude-controlled fatigue characteristics of an Al–Si casting alloy and itscomposite reinforced with 17 vol% Al₂O₃ fibers (Al–Si/Al₂O₃) are studied at three different temperatures. Both the alloy and the composite showed different degrees of cyclic softening at elevated temperatures. Increasing the temperature, fatigue damage of either the alloy or the composite occurred with varying mode from brittle fracture of silicon particles to their separation from the aluminum matrix. This is explained by the different thermal expansion coefficients of silicon particles and the aluminum matrix. The reinforcement Al₂O₃ fibers in the composite showed a similar damage behavior with those silicon particles despite temperature variation     

基于DBSCAN算法与GMM 理论的铝合金板孔边疲劳裂纹萌生监测

针对航空结构中多孔铝合金板在疲劳载荷作用下的孔边裂纹萌生监测问题,以光纤传感系统为基础结合小波分解、含噪声的密度空间聚类以及高斯混合模型,提出了一种孔边裂纹萌生监测方法。首先以光纤光栅传感系统采集循环加载条件下多孔铝合金板孔边裂纹萌生至结构断裂全程中孔边微应变并构建孔边微应变曲线。对孔边微应变曲线进行小波分解,得到微应变曲线的低频分量与高频分量,并以低频分量最小值及高频分量突变作为孔边裂纹萌生特征。在分析裂纹萌生时引入DBSCAN 算法与GMM 理论用于计算孔边裂纹萌生时的疲劳加载循环数并进行比较与分析得到多孔铝合金板孔边主裂纹的萌生位置以及孔边主裂纹裂纹萌生时的疲劳加载循环数。试验结果表明:此监测方法能够准确定位出孔边主裂纹的萌生位置,计算孔边主裂纹萌生时的疲劳加载循环数,且疲劳加载循环数计算误差在5%以内。在未来可应用于全机地面疲劳试验、结构健康监测等多种场景。     

High-cycle fatigue crack initiation and propagation in laser melting deposited TC18 titanium alloy

This article examines fatigue crack nucleation and propagation in laser deposited TC18 titanium alloy. The Widmanst?tten structure was obtained by double-annealing treatment. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests were conducted at room temperature with the stress ratio of 0.1 and the notch concentration factor K_t = 1. Fatigue cracks initiated preferentially at micropores, which had great effect on the HCF properties. The effect decreased with the decrease of pore size and the increase of distance from the pore location to the specimen surface. The crack initiation region was characterized by the cleavage facets of α lamella and the tearing of β matrix. The soft α precipitated-free zone formed along grain boundaries accelerated the crack propagation. Subsurface observation indicated that the crack preferred to propagate along the grain boundary α or border of α lamella or vertical to α lamella.     

含晶界孔洞粗晶工业纯铁的循环变形及损伤特征

为了更好地了解体心立方(bcc)结构金属的循环变形机制,在恒总应变幅控制的条件下研究了含晶界孔洞粗晶工业纯铁的疲劳变形特征.结果表明,含晶界孔洞的粗晶工业纯铁在不同总应变幅"εt/2下均发生不同程度的循环硬化现象,无循环饱和阶段出现.疲劳寿命与塑性应变幅的关系基本符合Coffin-Manson法则.循环变形的表面变形特征与外加总应变幅具有一定的相关性:随着总应变幅的增加,滑移变形及其导致的挤出侵入现象更为严重,滑移开裂更趋显著;越来越多的原来位于晶界上的微观孔洞发生扭曲变形、聚合、长大而产生裂纹,甚至导致沿晶开裂.在相对较高的总应变幅下,在表面还观察到了滑移扭折现象以及沿晶裂纹扩展进入晶粒内部的现象.在低应变幅"εt/2=1.0×10-3下循环变形后发现了类驻留滑移带(PSB)楼梯位错结构,随着应变幅的增加,位错胞结构发展成为主要结构特征,其平均尺寸逐渐减小.     

Enhanced fatigue property by fabricating a gradient nanostructured surface layer in a reduced-activation steel

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels have been selected as candidate structural materials for future advanced nuclear power systems. In the present work, the influence of a gradient nanograined surface layer on the fatigue properties of RAFM steels was studied. A gradient nanostructured (GNS) surface layer with a thickness of ～85 ?μm was prepared on RAFM steel utilizing surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The mean grain size was approximate 43 ?nm at the topmost surface and increased gradually with depth. The results of the stress-controlled tension-compression fatigue experiments showed that the fatigue life enhanced approximately 6 times in the SMRT samples compared to the corresponding base metal counterparts. The relationship between the applied stress amplitude and the fatigue lifetime, and the fracture morphology showed that the surface strengthening and strain delocalization were caused by GNS, which suppressed surface crack initiation process, and hence the fatigue properties of RAFM steels improved. In addition, the deformation compatibility in GNS and coarse-grained boundaries leading to more dislocation interactions and accumulation during the cyclic process, also plays a crucial role in enhancing the fatigue properties of RAFM steel.     

激光标刻对GH4169合金疲劳性能的影响

激光标刻是航空制造领域中常用的标刻手段,为进一步加强航空工业中标刻工艺使用的规范性,提高飞机整体和关键零部件的可靠性,本文采用激光技术对GH4169合金进行标刻处理,研究了激光标刻后GH4169合金的高周疲劳性能和断裂机理。结果表明,激光标刻中值疲劳寿命为37×103 cyc,与未标刻试样相比,激光标刻处理后疲劳寿命下降了83%。激光标刻处理后,标刻处存在激光重熔层改变应力状态,缺口底端呈尖锐状,应力集中程度较高。与未标刻试样单一裂纹源相比,疲劳萌生区由多个裂纹源共同组成,扩展区初期阶段的疲劳条纹间距变大,多源裂纹在疲劳扩展区汇合后出现台阶状和脊状形态,共同作用下导致激光标刻处理后GH4169合金疲劳寿命大幅降低。     

晶界萌生裂纹扩展的晶体相场模拟

【目的】研究双晶样品在单轴拉伸应变作用下所发生的纳米微观尺度裂纹扩展运动,观察裂纹扩展特征,揭示位错对裂纹扩展的作用规律。【方法】应用晶体相场(PFC)方法模拟裂纹扩展演化及其位错运动。【结果】在位错没有发射之时,裂纹沿位错对柏氏矢量方向解理扩展,发射位错后裂尖沿顺时针旋转60°继续扩展。【结论】晶界滑移出的位错由于周围应力集中,萌生出微裂纹。在裂纹扩展中,裂纹与位错相互作用,可以有多种形式。     

Near-microscopic grain boundary facilitates fatigue crack propagation in a polycrystalline Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy

In present study, grain characteristics with sizes within 10–30 μm were fabricated from a same Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy, FCP behaviors of the alloys with small grain(SG alloy), medium grain(MG alloy) and large grain(LG alloy)were investigated and related fatigue fracture morphology was analyzed. With the enhancement of stress intensity factor range(ΔK), the alloy with larger grains possessed faster FCP rate, which were successively arranged as SG alloy > MG alloy > LG alloy at initial stage while...     

K 4169合金铸件的常温疲劳断裂行为

摘要：
通过在某K4169合金精密大型熔模铸件本体典型承力结构处取样而进行常温疲劳试验,并结合疲劳断口的分析与凝固过程的温度场模拟,对其疲劳断裂机制进行探讨.结果表明,不同结构试样的疲劳寿命差异显著,其疲劳失效与微观疏松缺陷及其分布有关.早期的疲劳失效试样中存在大量的疏松缺陷,而疲劳性能较好的试样的疏松缺陷很少.当疏松缺陷较少时,疲劳裂纹主要沿晶间Laves相和碳化物扩展;当疏松缺陷较多时,裂纹主要经疏松缺陷而加速扩展并导致试样的早期失效.
关键词：
K4169合金; 疲劳断裂; 疏松缺陷; 模拟
中图分类号： TG 111.8
文献标志码： A     

Ti-15-3合金中短裂纹萌生与扩展的微观机理

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术研究了Ti-15-3合金中晶粒取向差对短裂纹萌生与扩展的影响.结果表明:在Ti-15-3合金中,98%相邻晶粒之间的取向差大于10°;相邻晶粒中,大的晶粒取向差有利于短裂纹的萌生,小的晶粒取向差有利于短裂纹的扩展;短裂纹的尖端方向与下一个晶粒的滑移带方向夹角大于35°时,裂纹穿过此晶粒时容易发生曲折,走"Z"字形路线;小于35°,裂纹沿着滑移带方向扩展;短裂纹尖端扩展到晶界时,如果裂纹尖端方向与晶界的方向之间的夹角小于35°,裂纹沿晶扩展;大于35°,裂纹穿晶扩展.     

Dependence of mechanical behavior on grain size of metastable Ti–Nb–O titanium alloy

Cold-rolled metastable β-type Ti–38Nb-0.2O alloy was subjected to annealing treatment to obtain different precipitates and grain sizes. The influence of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The alloy annealed at 673 ?K or 773 ?K exhibited a single-stage yielding with high strength and low uniform elongation, due to the residual work hardening and the precipitation of ω or α phases. The alloy annealed at above 873 ?K exhibited an obvious double yielding behavior resulting from the stress-induced martensitic transformation. The grain growth kinetics of single β phase alloy is sensitive to temperature, and it is suggested that the existence of oxygen decreases the grain growth exponent and increases the required activation energy for grain growth. The critical stress for slip decreased monotonously with the increase of grain size, following the classic Hall-Petch relationship. However, the critical stress for martensitic transformation decreased to a minimum and then increased again, as the grain size increased. The results are worth for design of the heat-treatment parameters of the Ti–38Nb-0.2O alloy for engineering applications.     

Hot deformation behaviors of WE71 alloy under plain strain compression at elevated temperature

Hot deformation behaviors of WE71 (Mg–7Y-1Nd-0.5Zr) alloy was investigated by plain strain compression tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 350 °C to 500 °C and strain rates varying from 0.01 s^-1 to 10 s^-1. Results show that the hot deformation of WE71 was accompanied by the precipitation of rich Zr phase with granular shape and block-shaped phase rich in element Y. When deformed at low temperature and high strain rate, the softening behavior of the alloy was synergically determined by shear bands propagation, adiabatic heating, twinning formation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). For the conditions of high temperature and high strain rate, DRX was the major softening mechanism while the formation and annihilation of extension twinning resulted in a special flow curve characteristic at the strain of around 0.3. According to the microstructural observations, it can be concluded that the irregular flow curves of WE71 alloy during plain strain compression process are mainly ascribed to shear bands propagation, adiabatic heating, twinning formation and DRX.     

A multi-component nanocrystalline FeCrV alloy with improved mechanical properties and excellent irradiation resistance

An equiatomic low-activated FeCrV ternary alloy was prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The BCC solid solution alloy exhibited an excellent strength-ductility synergy properties, which was 1.85 ?GPa compressive yield strength, 3.04 ?GPa fracture strength and more than 28% plasticity at room temperature. Even at an elevated temperature of 600 ?°C, its yield strength was still more than 1 ?GPa, revealing a pronounced high temperature resistance. The FeCrV alloy had a homogeneous microstructure with high-density dislocations. A nanocrystalline characteristic was demonstrated and the average grain size was about 322 ?nm, leading to the improved mechanical properties. The strengthening mechanism was discussed in detail and the contributions of strengthening factors were calculated. The FeCrV alloy was irradiated up to 160 dpa with 2 ?MeV Au²⁺ ions at 573 ?K. The nanoindentation test was carried out to simply evaluate the hardening degree under such a high dose irradiation with heavy ions. The semi-quantitative analysis results show that FeCrV alloy has an excellent irradiation tolerance compared with pure Fe.     

10CrNiMo高强钢的低周疲劳特性

采用圆形横截面光滑试样,通过轴向不同应变幅控制的低周疲劳试验,研究了10CrNiMo高强钢的低周疲劳特性,包括循环应力-应变行为、应变-寿命特点、循环应力响应及其力学滞后现象,给出了相应的疲劳参数、循环软硬化特性及应变滞后规律.对裂纹扩展方向及试样疲劳断口的观察表明:裂纹扩展面与轴向力呈现多角度关系,裂纹萌生于试样表面,沿断口周边分布,且具有多源性;疲劳裂纹主要以锐化--钝化机制扩展.     

残余应力与拘束对GH4169合金疲劳及蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响研究

为深入理解残余应力与拘束在疲劳载荷下的交互作用,以镍基高温合金GH4169为研究对象,选用紧凑拉伸(CT)试样,对不同拘束CT试样的上方施加不同大小的预加载荷从而在裂尖产生不同应力。将该应力作为残余应力,系统研究残余应力和拘束交互作用下GH4169合金的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明：随着裂尖残余压应力的增加,不同拘束下GH4169合金的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率均降低。与低拘束试样相比,高拘束试样的疲劳和蠕变–疲劳裂纹扩展速率对残余应力的变化更加敏感,这主要与裂尖Mises应力和垂直于裂纹扩展方向的正应力有关。与疲劳裂纹扩展速率相比,蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展速率对残余应力的变化更加敏感。     

焊接对热轧H型钢高应变低周疲劳行为的影响

对热轧H型钢热轧和焊接后的高应变低周疲劳循环应力响应曲线、循环应力应变关系和应变寿命关系进行了分析,通过Coffin-Manson公式得到疲劳寿命计算公式,计算出Nf=100周时的循环韧度值σa·Δεt。结果表明,H型钢焊接试样的循环韧度比热轧试样的循环韧度降低38%。热轧试样表现出明显的循环稳定特性,焊接试样表现出循环软化直接断裂的应力响应特征。焊接试样的断口扫描电镜观察发现,疲劳裂纹在焊接接头的粗晶区表面处萌生,断口瞬断区具有明显的韧窝特征,表明材料焊接后保持较高的韧性。     

The mechanism of flow softening in subtransus hot working of two-phase titanium alloy with equiaxed structure

Understanding the mechanism of high temperature deformation is important for controlling the forming quality of the titanium alloy forgings. In the present work, the flow softening mechanism in subtransus deformation of titanium alloys with equiaxed structure was investigated by interrupted isothermal compression tests. The results show that limited strain hardening followed by continuous flow softening occurs in high temperature deformation of a twophase TA15 titanium alloy. The flow softening can not be rationalized by dynamic recrystallization. Instead, the increase of mobile dislocations during deformation is an important reason for flow softening. The grain boundaries （including the α-β interfaces） act as an important source for the generation of mobile dislocations. The continuous flow softening results from the significant deformation heterogeneity in subtransus working.     

TA2钛合金绝热剪切带起始实验研究

本文利用分离式霍普金森压杆加载TA2钛合金扁平帽型试样,结合高速红外测温与金相观察,分析动态加载下帽型试样受迫剪切的力学响应以及绝热剪切带温度演化,并讨论绝热剪切失稳起始条件.结果显示,TA2钛合金绝热剪切带起始时的温度约为470 K.在该温度下,材料热软化不足以引起本构软化,因此热软化可能不是绝热剪切起始必要条件,相反可能是由于剪切局域化带产生导致带内温度的急剧上升.以温度达到470 K时刻作为绝热剪切带起始条件,得到随加载率增大,帽型试样绝热剪切起始时的压缩位移随加载率增大呈下降趋势.     

Fatigue small crack growth threshold determination of a high-Nb TiAl alloy at different temperatures by in-situ observation

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the fatigue crack growth threshold of a high-Nb TiAl alloy at the different temperatures based on scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in-situ observation. The results indicated that the fatigue crack growth threshold △Kth of a nearly lamellar high-Nb TiAl alloy with 8% Nb content at room temperature and 750℃ was determined as 12.89 MPa.m^1/2 and 8.69 MPa.m^1/2, respectively. The effect of the elevated temperature on the fatigue crack growth threshold cannot be ignored. At the same time, the early stage of fatigue crack propagation exhibited multicrack initiation and bridge-link behavior.