重庆垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属浸出特征研究

研究了重庆垃圾焚烧飞灰四季的腐蚀性和浸出毒性,并以秋季的焚烧飞灰为代表研究了Pb,Zn,Ni,Cr,Cu,Cd,Mn等7种重金属在不同液固比、浸出时间和初始pH值下的浸出特性．结果表明：春夏两季飞灰的浸出液pH值在10．30左右,而秋冬两季的浸出液pH值在12．00左右,四季飞灰都不具腐蚀性;所研究的7种重金属都没有浸出毒性,秋冬两季的Pb,Cr,Cu浸出量较高,夏季的Mn,Ni,Cr浸出量较高,而重金属浸出总量秋冬两季高于春夏两季;重金属的浸出量通常随液固比的增加而增加．重金属的浸出量随浸出时间的增加也呈增大的趋势．重金属的浸出量随pH值的增大呈减小趋势,各重金属在pH=1时浸出量最大,表明在酸性环境下较易浸出．     

铝型材厂工业污泥中重金属含量及其浸出特性研究

通过7种来源不同的铝型材污泥试样,在分析其含水率、灰分、pH值基本理化特性的基础上,讨论了铝型材污泥的化学组成、重金属含量及其浸出特性.结果表明,铝型材污泥属于中性偏酸性物质,主要由Al2O3组成,含量在50%以上.各试样中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd及Cr的总含量的分布趋势基本是一致的,其中Pb、Cd的含量较低,Cu、Zn、Ni及 Cr的含量较高.浸出毒性试验表明铝型材污泥属于非危险废物,但污泥中各重金属的浸出特性又各自不同,可能主要与它们在试样中的总含量和浸出液的最终pH值有关.     

重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属含量及浸出毒性分析

采用筛分法研究了重庆市春、秋季生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的粒径分布,分析了各粒径颗粒中Cu,Zn,Mn,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr和Hg的总量.并研究了在GB5085.3-2007和USEPA-TCLP浸出条件下不同粒径范围内的重金属浸出量的差异.结果表明,秋季飞灰粒径相对春季较小,春秋两季90%以上的飞灰粒径小于250μm,其中春季飞灰粒径为83～105μm的最多,约占总量的40%,而秋季飞灰粒径为105～149μm的最多,约占总量的45%.飞灰中除Ni以外,其他重金属总量随粒径减小呈先减小后增大的趋势,其中秋季飞灰重金属总量除Fe和Zn外均比春季含量高.国标GB5085.3-2007体系下飞灰的浸出毒性鉴别显示重庆市春秋两季垃圾焚烧飞灰中Cu,Zn和Ni以及春季Cr未超出浸出毒性限值,Pb,Cd和秋季Cr分别超出国家标准.TCLP浸出体系下春秋浸出毒性鉴别结果Pb,Cr和Cd均超出标准限值,表明不同浸出方法对重金属的浸出量影响很大.     

铝型材厂工业污泥中重金属的含量及浸出特性

在分析7种来源不同的铝型材污泥试样的含水率、灰分、pH值等基本理化特性的基础上,讨论了铝型材污泥的化学组成、重金属含量及重金属浸出特性.结果表明:铝型材污泥属于中性偏碱性物质,主要由含量在50%以上的Al2O3组成;各试样中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cd及Cr的总含量的分布趋势基本一致,其中Ph、Cd的含量较低,Cu、Zn、Ni及Cr的含量较高.浸出毒性试验表明铝型材污泥属于非危险废物,污泥中各重金属的浸出特性各不相同,这可能主要与它们在试样中的总含量及浸出液的最终pH值有关.     

垃圾焚烧发电厂飞灰浸出毒性的研究

探讨了液固比、初始pH值及浸出时间对飞灰中重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni、Cu、Mn、Hg、As的浸出影响.结果表明:各重金属的浸出量都随着液固比增加而增加,其中Ni、Cu、Mn、Cd的浸出量在液固比大于25后变化较平缓,As在液固比大于60后浸出量有所降低;重金属在浸取液的pH≤1.95时的浸出浓度远远大于其在浸取液的pH≥6.13时的浸出浓度;随着浸出时间的增加,Hg的浸出浓度先下降后上升,Cr的是先上升,30h后变化不大;Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Mn浸出时间在2h-6h后浸出浓度迅速减小,As则快速增加,而后都变化不大;在液固比、初始pH值及浸出时间三个影响因素中,pH值对重金属的浸出影响较大,重金属在酸性环境下较易浸出,但Pb在碱性情况下也易于浸出.     

重金属沉渣土著微生物浸出后余渣的潜在毒性

在pH值为3.0、温度为30 ℃、矿浆质量分数为7%的优化浸出条件下,通过摇瓶试验,结合X射线衍射分析、BCR法3步连续提取,研究了土著微生物浸出重金属沉渣后余渣中重金属的潜在毒性。结果表明：土著微生物浸出7 d后,沉渣中Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Zn含量分别由原来的4 530,7 650,830,29 530,62350 mg/kg降低至730,1280,390,13 810,15650 mg/kg.浸出过程沉渣中Cd,Mn,Cu,Pb,Zn等重金属的酸可提取态相对含量显著降低,残渣态相对含量提高.余渣环境活性和潜在危害低于《危险废物鉴别标准》（GB 5085.3-2007）的规定,土著微生物浸出能有效实现重金属沉渣的资源化和无害化.     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中Zn、Pb、Cu的浸出特性

测定了飞灰中Zn、Pb、Cu的浸出毒性及浸出率与pH值的关系,并利用MINTEQA2模型对它们的浸出率以及不同pH值下的主要存在形态进行了模拟。结果表明:Pb、Cu、Zn的模拟浸出值与实测浸出值基本相符,模拟浸出值可反映实际浸出情况;pH值在8~12之间时Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出率接近0;pH<7.5时,Zn的浸出率高达70%~80%,pH值>12时,随着pH值的增加,Pb与Zn的浸出能力逐渐增强;pH<2时,Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出率较大,表明三种重金属在强酸条件下容易浸出。了解重金属在不同pH值下的浸出情况可以帮助预测各种环境中重金属的潜在危害性,并可通过改变环境pH值控制重金属的浸出。     

固化对淤泥中重金属的稳定化效果

采用添加量为100 kg/m3的固化剂对遭受重金属污染的淤泥进行固化试验,根据试验结果研究了原泥中重金属Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb和Zn的含量及固化处理前后重金属的赋存形态分布,并对原泥和固化淤泥进行了浸出毒性试验.试验结果表明:在淤泥固化处理过程中,重金属的赋存形态发生了改变,稳定态质量分数有了不同程度的增加;Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni和Zn得到很好的稳定化处理,5种重金属的浸出量、浸出率均有明显降低而且达到标准要求;固化剂对重金属的稳定化作用,除了通过改变重金属的赋存形态,促进重金属非稳定态向稳定态转变来实现外,还可以通过其他方式来实现.     

废弃印刷电路板中有毒有害金属含量及浸出特征研究

针对废弃印刷电路板所含重金属的环境风险问题,对汽车、电视机、路由器等电路板中8种主要有毒有害金属含量进行分析,并在此基础上对各金属的赋存形态及浸出特征进行分析评价。实验结果显示：实验范围内电路板中各金属物质的含量差别较大,Fe、Cu、Pb、Cr、Sb、Sn、Cd和As的含量在0.015～294.9 mg/g之间,Cd和As虽然含量较低,但毒性较高。电路板中Cu、As、Sn、Sb的主要赋存形态为残渣态,生态风险等级低;Pb以酸可提取态和氧化态为主,Fe、Cr和Cd以酸可提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态4种形态存在,生态风险等级高。在模拟中性和酸性降雨以及垃圾渗滤液的环境条件下,Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb和Sn均有浸出,Pb在模拟垃圾渗滤液浸出实验中浸出率较高,而As在模拟中性和酸性降雨的浸出率更高。各模拟环境条件下的浸出液中Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb和Sn浓度均超过GB/T 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类指标限值。     

微生物浸出有色冶炼废渣中Pb的研究

采用微生物浸出有色冶炼废渣中Pb,考察浸出时间、浸出温度、培养基pH值及矿浆浓度对Pb浸出效果的影响,得出最佳浸出条件。研究结果表明：微生物能够有效浸出有色冶炼废渣中的有价金属Pb,浸出效果受浸出时间、浸出温度、培养基pH值及矿浆浓度影响,最佳浸出条件为：浸出时间为4d、浸出温度为30℃、培养基pH为5、矿浆浓度为5%;在最优条件下Pb浸出率高达84.8%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that