高合金钢中稀土对晶界沉淀及力学性能的研究

高合金钢中稀土含量的不同，晶界沉淀相的形貌、尺寸、数量和分布状态也不同，这直接影响合金的力学性能。本以高温合金和耐热钢为例探讨稀土元素对晶界沉淀和力学性能的影响.     

基于力学性能和各向异性的排水性沥青磨耗层优化

为了研究排水性沥青混合料的各向异性和力学性能,对排水性沥青磨耗层进行优化,自行改装设计了车辙板渗水系数测试仪.该装置能够模拟实际雨水在路面中渗流的过程.研究对10种级配的沥青混合料进行了力学性能试验以及利用自行制作的渗水试验仪进行了渗水特性试验研究.研究结果表明,排水性沥青磨耗层的力学性能与排水性能呈负相关关系;对于同...     

钢纤维混凝土力学性能和本构关系研究

利用MTS810和直径为74 mm的大尺寸SHPB实验装置开展了钢纤维混凝土的动静态力学性能实验.实验结果表明钢纤维混凝土是一种具有非常明显的钢纤维增强、增韧效应的应变率敏感材料.根据实验应力应变曲线的基本特征,提出了一种钢纤维混凝土的含损伤本构模型.该模型在考虑钢纤维增强、应变率硬化、损伤软化等因素下,描述了钢纤维混凝土的受力响应特性.     

对土的性质及本构关系的研究

总结、分析了在土力学研究中有关土性质的假定,并提出了对土性质的假定原则和一些有关土力学的研究方法·     

泡沫铝:新型超轻多孔金属的制备方法与性能

泡沫铝是一种新型超轻多孔金属,具有超轻、高比强、高比刚、阻尼减振、高冲击能量吸收和优异的热、电、磁性物理和应用性能,实现了结构材料的多功能化,因而展现了广阔的应用前景。泡沫铝可以通过采用熔体发泡法、渗流法、熔模铸造和电镀法、粉末冶金法和吹气法等制备,相应的方法所制备出的泡沫铝具有各自的孔结构,因而可以针对于满足相应的高技术应用需求。     

Processing, microstructure and mechanical properties of biomedical magnesium with a specific two-layer structure

A novel magnesium based scaffold with a two-layer structure was synthesized by powder metallurgical process using salt particles as space holder. The outer layer of the scaffold shows an interconnected porous structure and the inner layer presents a compact structure reinforced by the salt particles. Such a specific structure is introduced primarily for the purpose of a better combination of biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility. Experimental results demonstrate that the structural features and mechanical properties of the magnesium based scaffold with a salt content of 30 wt% prepared by the current method are quite compatible with the cancellous bone. Such a novel Mg-based scaffold has the potential to act as degradable implants for bone substitute application.     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

Cu/Ni多层膜的调制波长与力学性能的关系

为研究Cu/Ni多层膜的调制波长与力学性能的关系,采用计算机控制的单槽双脉冲控电位沉积系统,在Cu基体上沉积Cu/Ni多层膜,分别采用扫描电镜和纳米压痕技术对Cu/Ni多层膜的截面和硬度进行了测试.结果表明:电沉积方法制备的Cu/Ni多层膜具有良好的周期结构;在调制波长为37 nm时硬度达到极值;在调制波长小于37 nm时其硬度值明显下降.实验结果符合理论分析中多层膜的硬度随调制波长的变化规律,但临界调制波长大于理论计算结果.     

Effects of subgrain size and static recrystallization on the mechanical performance of polycrystalline material: A microstructure-based crystal plasticity finite element analysis

In this paper, the effects of subgrain size and static recrystallization on the mechanical performance of polycrystalline material were investigated using a microstructure-based crystal plasticity finite element(CPFE) model. Firstly, polycrystalline microstructures with different mean subgrain sizes were prepared using simple assumption based on experimental observations, and intermediate microstructures during static recrystallization(SRX) were simulated by a cellular automata model adopting curvature driven grain/subgrain growth mechanism. Then, CPFE method was applied to perform stress analysis of plane strain tension on these virtual microstructures. The results show that the subgrains inside pre-existing grains have an effect on the heterogeneity of the stress distributions. The average stress decreases with increasing the mean subgrain radius. As grain/subgrain grows during SRX, the average stress also decreases. It can be deduced that well-defined and finer subgrain structure may strengthen the polycrystalline material, while grain/subgrain growth during SRX process will degrade the strength.     

脂肪胺、醛、醇、醚的气相碱性与分子结构之间定量关系的研究

根据化学热力学原理和量子力学原理,发现脂肪胺、醛、醇、醚的气相碱性的大小主要取决于分子中亲核基团的特性和烷基基团上的氢原子数目和级数,据此提出了一种合理表征脂肪胺、醛、醇、醚的气相碱性与分子结构之间的定量关系式.对73种化合物气相碱性的计算结果表明,计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意,平均误差为0.508%.     

Effects of Ce-rich RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy with duplex structure

The effects of Ce-rich RE on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd-x RE(x = 0, 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys were investigated. The results indicated that the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy mainly consisted of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi, MgLi2 Al and Al2 Nd phases. With the addition of Ce-rich RE in the alloy,Al3 RE and Al2 RE phases generated and gradually grew into net-like or block-like structure. With the addition of RE, Al-RE phases generated by consuming Al element and, thus, less Al element was dissolved in the matrix and less AlLi phase formed. Furthermore, less AlLi phase means that more Li element released to cause the increase ofβ-Li phase and refine the α-Mg phase. Under the influence of these factors, adding more RE led to higher elongation and lower tensile strength and hardness. With the addition of Ce-rich RE, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy gradually decreased from 180 to 152 MPa and from 215 to 193 MPa, respectively, while the elongation was remarkably improved from 21.1% to 40.2%.     

尼龙1010／6力学性能与组成关系研究

通过尼龙１０１０／６共聚物单轴拉伸应力－应变曲线，研究了该系列共聚物的力学性能与组成的关系。发现两种共聚组分重量比接近６０：４０时，杨氏模量、弯曲模量及屈服应力较小，而相应的屈服应变、断裂应变及断裂能较大。     

聚苯醚合金力学性能与群子参数的关系

以聚苯醚合金为研究对象,详细讨论了各种添加剂组分及其用量对共混体系力学性能的影响,考察了合金的力学性能变化与群子参数之间的关系.结果表明,当群子参数R1≥R2时,添加剂的加入会对合金的破坏起到促进作用,使合金力学性能降低;当R1≤R2时,添加剂的加入会对合金的破坏起到保护作用,使其力学性能提高.     

织物的基本物理力学量及其与风格的关系

能够比较全面地科学地反映出织物风格差异的物理力学参数是织物风格客观定量评价的着急估 织物的综合风格－基本风格－基本物理力学指标之间关系的基础上，认为基本风张对综合风格的影响顺序是ＮＵＭＥＲＩ、ＦＵＫＵＲＡＭＩ、ＫＯＳＨＩ。     

压力对A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能的影响

对A380铝合金进行了挤压铸造成型和传统重力铸造成型,并制得试样.采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、定量金相分析、拉伸性能测试等手段,研究在不同压力下挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能.结果表明:当压力在0~75MPa范围内时,随着压力的增加,一次枝晶臂尺寸和气孔率得到大幅下降,共晶组织体积分数增加;二次枝晶臂间距减小;针状富铁β-Al5FeSi相尺寸大幅度减小,同时有部分汉字状α-Al8(Fe,Mn)3Si2相生成.当压力在75~100MPa范围内时,压力继续增加对合金组织细化、第二相形貌改善和力学性能提高的作用不明显.挤压铸造试件与重力铸造试件相比,气孔率减小,显微组织细化,力学性能显著提高.当压力为75MPa时,挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别比重力铸造提高19%和65%.     

一种新的进化策略及其全局收敛性

在求解单峰最优化问题算法的基础上,给出了一种新的进化策略.针对连续函数优化问题,利用中心极限定理,在较弱的条件下,首先证明了基于均匀分布的(μ λ)-ES算法依概率收敛,然后给出了采用一般连续性随机变量作为变异算子的(μ λ)-ES算法依概率收敛的证明.数值结果表明:采用基于均匀分布的进化策略求解维数较高的连续函数优化问题能够快速有效地收敛到全局最优解.     

分子摩尔质量与链烷烃物理化学性质的相关性研究

用M,M，P，q，n等分子参数表征链烷烃的分子大小、取代参量和相邻取代基的相互作用，并以其为独立变量，通过回归方法建立模型预测链烷烃的某些物理化学性质,85种链烷烃的沸点、标准生成焓、标准熵、标准自由能以及1-9个碳原子链烷烃的气化焓、摩尔体积、摩尔折光度的预测表明该模型的原理简单、方法实用．为预测链烷烃物理化学性质提供了可靠的手段。     

压力容器用钢的低周疲劳行为与常规机械性能的关系

本文从疲劳应变能的角度推导出了应变-寿命关系式。通过测定常规机械性能,就可预测材料在不同应变幅下的低周疲劳寿命;讨论了低周疲劳抗力与常规机械性能之间的关系,指出了材料本身对低周疲劳行为的主要影响因素;提出了选择抗低周疲劳材料的基本原则。