节理裂隙边坡锚注加固力学模型与实验研究

对加锚注浆节理模型进行力学分析,并与注浆胶结裂隙岩体模型力学试验结果进行对比验证。研究结果表明:压力注浆能够提高加锚节理裂隙边坡弱面的抗剪强度及抗剪刚度;裂隙注浆胶结体强度与浆液配比、注浆压力、裂隙所含介质的组成以及岩体赋存应力场、渗流场有关;锚杆与注浆体共同作用能够发挥两者各自的力学特性,从而提高边坡的加固效果。     

改性水泥-水玻璃注浆材料防渗性能试验研究

为了使水泥-水玻璃注浆材料在注浆中得到更广泛的应用,通过室内配比试验和扫描电镜分析对5%膨润土掺量下水泥-水玻璃体积比和粉煤灰掺量对水泥-水玻璃(C-S)浆液性质的影响进行研究,并开展现场试验对该改性浆液的防渗性能进行了研究。结果表明:(1)改性C-S双液的凝胶时间有所延长,且凝胶时间随着C-S体积比的增大而缩短、粉煤灰掺量的增大而延长;(2)浆液结石体的抗压强度和抗折强度都随C-S体积比的增大都呈现先增大后减小的趋势并在体积比约为2时达到最大,浆液结石体的抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增大而降低,结石体7 d抗折强度随着粉煤灰掺量的增加先增加后减小,试验条件下,粉煤灰掺量为25%取得最大抗折强度;(3)通过扫描电镜对结石体微观结构分析得出,粉煤灰掺量为25%、C-S体积比为2的配比下水泥的水化反应最充分,粉煤灰的微集料反应发挥最佳;(4)通过现场防渗试验验证了研发浆液材料的防渗性能满足规范要求。改性C-S浆液较好地结合了几种材料的优点,建议采用的材料配比为25%粉煤灰、5%膨润土、70%水泥,C-S体积比为2。     

运营期渗漏水隧道注浆材料适用性

根据运营期渗漏水隧道注浆治理对注浆材料的要求,研究普通硅酸盐水泥、水泥-水玻璃、超细水泥及聚合物水泥主要性能参数,设计开元隧道3个地质条件相似试验段,采用普通水泥、超细水泥及聚合物水泥进行现场注浆,通过雷达探测及现场工况进行注浆效果评估,结合注浆技术可行性、注浆效果及经济性,分析运营期隧道不同渗漏水条件下注浆材料适用性。研究结果表明:聚合物水泥浆液流动度、结石率及结石体强度较大,聚合物水泥浆液对含水构造渗漏水通道封堵密实;超细水泥适用于微孔隙及微裂隙渗水区域,聚合物水泥适用于裂隙密集渗漏水区或表面渗水区,普通水泥适用于空洞较大区域,水泥-水玻璃浆液适用于流量水压较大漏水区域。     

不同土体中水泥-水玻璃浆液的扩散规律

为研究不同土体中水泥-水玻璃浆液扩散规律,基于浆液劈裂土体形成的裂缝形状和宾汉流体在平板裂缝中的流变方程,推导出不同土体中水泥-水玻璃浆液黏度、流量、注浆压力差、浆液扩散距离的计算公式,计算分析不同土体中水泥-水玻璃浆液的黏度、注浆压力以及裂隙高度对浆液扩散距离的影响。研究结果表明:浆液扩散距离随浆液黏度的增大呈非线性减小,随注浆压力的增大呈非线性增大,裂隙高度增大使浆液扩散距离迅速增大;通过注浆后工程现场取芯试验对计算结果进行分析,验证了不同土体中浆液扩散距离和劈裂缝高度的关系。     

预置节理岩体锚注加固机理研究

通过应用室内力学实验,建立实验模型,模型主要对节理岩体、锚固节理岩体以及锚注节理岩体的抗剪强度和本构关系进行对比分析。试验结果显示:锚杆加固、注浆加固、以及锚注加固能够很好的提高节理试件的刚度和抗剪强度;从粘聚力和内摩擦角的增幅变化中,发现粘聚力的增幅大于内摩擦角的增幅。通过室内锚注试件的剪切实验和锚注节理边坡的控制效应,发现锚注加固可以有效控制节理岩体的变形和位移,同时对矿山节理岩体的控制和利用有理论指导意义。     

岩体弱面注浆对边坡稳定性影响的模型及数值分析

针对实际工程中岩体边坡加固技术的不足,从边坡稳定内因出发,基于提高边坡岩体自身抗剪强度的思想,提出了压力注浆加固的方法.从力学机理出发,研究了注浆胶结体对加锚弱面力学性能的影响,在力学基础上为注浆工艺提供了论证.通过ANSYS建立数值模型,利用本文自编ANSYS-FLAC3D转换程序导入FLAC3D进行数值分析,在分别改变弱面抗剪强度参数c、φ值的条件下,得到c、φ与安全系数K之间的关系.分析结果表明,通过注浆提高弱面的c、φ值,能够从本质上提高边坡的稳定性.研究结果为岩体边坡压力注浆加固方法提供了可靠依据.图9,表1,参10.     

垂直荷重对不同材料改良膨胀土抗剪强度影响研究

通过不同垂直荷重下的直剪试验,探究石灰、水泥、粉煤灰改良膨胀土的内摩擦角、黏聚力以及抗剪强度随垂直荷重级数的改变而变化的规律,验证不同材料改良时的抗剪强度曲线与莫尔-库伦强度理论的相符程度。研究表明,在改良材料及掺量一定时,随着垂直荷重的增加,改良膨胀土内摩擦角逐渐减小,黏聚力逐渐增大。粉煤灰改良时内摩擦角减小幅度最大,黏聚力增长幅度最小;水泥改良时内摩擦角减小幅度最小而黏聚力增长幅度最大;石灰改良时内摩擦角及黏聚力的变化幅度居中。当垂直荷重级数相同时,掺3种材料对膨胀土抗剪强度提高幅度依次为:水泥、石灰、粉煤灰。当垂直荷重级数相同时,掺石灰对膨胀土内摩擦角的提高幅度最大,而对黏聚力的提高来说,掺水泥效果最好;掺石灰改良时,试验所取的垂直荷重对抗剪强度指标的影响程度较大,而粉煤灰改良时,抗剪强度与垂直荷重的关系接近库伦定律,垂直荷重的取值对抗剪强度指标的影响较小。     

全风化花岗岩地层单-双液浆加固试验研究

针对全风化花岗岩注浆治理工程中的浆液选型及注浆参数调控问题,通过注浆模拟试验,对水泥浆液和水泥-水玻璃浆液(C-S浆液)2种浆液的加固效果进行对比分析研究。研究结果表明,单-双液浆在地层中均以劈裂扩散为主,但扩散模式具有显著差异:水泥浆液呈直线式和放射式2种,其主控因素为水灰比;而C-S浆液的扩散模式主要为放射式和网络式,扩散模式受水灰比和注浆压力双因素影响。2种浆液注入地层后,加固体试样抗压强度、抗崩解性均显著增高,根据对加固效果的作用关系可将水灰比分为注浆压力作用区(水灰比为0.80～1.13)和C-S浆液优势区(水灰比为1.13～1.50),水泥浆液多适用于深部高压加固区,C-S浆液多适用于浅部低压加固区。在满足注浆工程要求前提下,C-S浆液加固体压缩可变形性和残余强度比水泥浆液加固体的高,加固地层更为稳定。通过工程现场验证,研究成果对类似地层的注浆加固治理具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

不同膨胀比下高聚物抗剪强度试验研究

高聚物材料作为一种优良的注浆加固材料被逐步运用于岩土工程的众多领域,了解其强度和变形特性对深入了解高聚物注浆加固体的加固机理和综合强度有重要意义.基于此,采用直剪仪进行了不同膨胀比条件下高聚物的抗剪强度试验,研究了不同膨胀比下高聚物剪应力-位移、变形和强度特性.结果表明:高聚物膨胀比和竖向压应力对高聚物强度和剪胀特性影响较大;高聚物的剪应力-位移变化规律与黏土和砂土较为类似,剪切位移较小时剪应力快速上升,随后保持稳定;高聚物有与砂土十分接近的剪胀性,膨胀比和竖向压应力越低则剪胀性越明显;随着高聚物膨胀比的增加,其黏聚力和摩擦角均逐渐减小,近似呈幂函数关系.     

水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料工程性能及孔隙结构

水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料由于其凝胶时间短、早期强度高、材料经济且来源广泛等诸多优点,而被大量用于工程注浆堵水中.通过黏度试验、凝胶时间试验、线膨胀试验与低温氮气吸附试验,深化了对双液注浆材料基本性能的认识,同时结合试验结果提出最优双液注浆材料配合比.凝胶时间试验表明,在水泥掺量增加、温度升高的过程中,浆液的凝胶时间从148~367s减少到71~211s;黏度试验表明,由20℃升温到50℃时,黏度从10.39~178.57m2/s非线性降低到6.84~83.58m2/s,浆液表现出明显的非牛顿流体的特性;浆液结石体低温氮气吸附条件下,浆液孔径分布在2~10nm,浆液孔隙分布均匀,不易发生渗漏现象;凝固后的浆液结石体线膨胀系数在30℃到60℃有下降趋势,但浆液仍表现为热膨胀性,而在大于70℃时线膨胀系数变为负值,浆液结石体出现收缩性质.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.