正交试验法优化阿昔洛韦固体纳米粒的处方

采用正交试验法筛选阿昔洛韦固体脂质纳米粒最优处方。利用(W/O/W)复乳-超声法制备阿昔洛韦固体脂质纳米粒,以包封率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验设计筛选出最优处方。单硬脂酸甘油酯用量1.5%、大豆卵磷脂用量0.4%、泊洛沙姆188浓度2%、油相与内水相体积比(Vo/V)i 6。正交试验优化阿昔洛韦固体纳米粒处方有效、可行。     

激素类药物醋酸地塞米松纳米粒的制备及其质量评价

以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体,应用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备醋酸地塞米松纳米粒,测定其粒径、药物包封率等性质。经过正交优化试验确定其优选方案为：载体材料单硬脂酸甘油酯的用量为0.3g,表面活性剂为硬脂酸聚烃氧酯（S-40）/泊洛沙姆（F68）（质量比为7/3）的混合物,有机相氯仿与水相的体积比为5：75,蒸发有机相氯仿时的真空度为0.05MPa。制备所得的醋酸地塞米松纳米粒球体均匀度好,平均粒径在100nm左右,载药纳米粒的包封率在89.03%左右。     

替莫唑胺酯纳米粒的制备及抗脑胶质瘤活性研究

制备并优化替莫唑胺辛酯纳米粒(TOE-NPs),对其进行体外表征及抗脑胶质瘤效果考察.采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化替莫唑胺辛酯纳米粒处方;对采用最优处方制备的纳米粒的粒径、包封率、载药量、体外药物释放特性等进行评价,以大鼠脑胶质瘤细胞(C6)为模型细胞考察抗胶质瘤效果.纳米粒最优处方为:有机相与水相体积比(1:3.3),聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)质量浓度8.80 mg/mL,理论载药量17.77%,所制备的替莫唑胺辛酯纳米粒粒径为136.2±3.4 nm,包封率为(93.29±1.93)%,120 h累计释放率为(88.13±2.39)%,MTT结果显示替莫唑胺辛酯纳米粒对C6细胞的生长抑制活性强于替莫唑胺纳米粒(IC_(50),28.16μmol/L和169.12μmol/L,P 0.01).所优选的纳米粒处方合理可行,替莫唑胺辛酯纳米粒有明显的缓释特性和较强的体外抗胶质瘤活性.     

丁香苦苷单体与丁香苦苷PLGA纳米粒药动学比较

测定大鼠血浆中含丁香苦苷的量,并对具有抗乙肝病毒的丁香苦苷单体和丁香苦苷PLGA纳米粒进行大鼠体内药动学比较研究.采用色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(5μm,250×4.6 mm)流动相为甲醇-水(50∶50,V/V);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为221 nm;进样量为20μL.测定Wistar大鼠尾静脉注射丁香苦苷后不同时间血浆中的药物质量浓度.给药剂量相同(10 mg/mL)时,丁香苦苷PLGA溶液的T1/2α和T1/2β值是丁香苦苷溶液的1.23倍和2.25倍.AUC值是丁香苦苷溶液的3.09倍,血浆清除率约为丁香苦苷溶液的1/3.经过数据拟合发现丁香苦苷单体与丁香苦苷PLGA纳米粒在大鼠体内过程均符合二室模型,载药纳米粒给药后,使丁香苦苷能在体内较长时间维持较高的血药质量浓度,起到一定的缓释作用.     

士的宁固体脂质纳米粒的制备及冻干工艺

为制备士的宁固体脂质纳米粒(S-SLN)及其冻干工艺研究,采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备SSLN,在正交实验基础上,以S-SLN包封率为评价指标确定最优处方工艺,通过包封率变化率筛选冻干保护剂,并制成冻干粉.结果表明,最佳制备工艺为:单硬脂酸甘油酯30 mg,药物/单硬脂酸甘油酯比例为1∶10,单硬脂酸/卵磷脂比例为1∶2,泊洛沙姆浓度(F-68)为0.3%.通过冻干粉包封率变化率研究证实2%甘露醇为最佳冻干保护剂,S-SLN冻干粉为白色、质地疏松固体,表面光滑,复溶后分散良好.乳化溶剂挥发法制备士的宁固体脂质纳米粒冻干粉,工艺技术稳定可行,外观性状理想,粒径较小,包封率高,稳定性好,为后续S-SLN内外研究奠定良好的基础.     

包载盐酸阿霉素的明胶-泊洛沙姆脂质体制备与表征

采用W/W型明胶-泊洛沙姆乳液体系结合二次冻干技术制备包载盐酸阿霉素的明胶-泊洛沙姆纳米脂质体。采用Sephadex G-50凝胶柱结合高压液相法建立盐酸阿霉素纳米脂质体的主药含量测定方法。通过溶液外观、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率的测定,表征盐酸阿霉素纳米脂质体的各项性能。结果表明,制备的盐酸阿霉素纳米脂质体呈现良好的圆整形态,颗粒不聚集,平均粒径为(187.02±9.56)nm,盐酸阿霉素纳米脂质体表面Zeta电位为-(16.8±1.43)mV,包封率达到(86.3±2.3)%。W/W型乳液体系结合二次冻干技术有利于制备高质量的盐酸阿霉素纳米脂质体。     

虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

以卵磷脂和硬脂酸为脂质材料,分别运用薄膜-超声分散法、乳化蒸发-低温固化法、溶剂-乳化挥发法、高压匀质法制备虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒,以筛选虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的最佳制备工艺.采用透射电镜观察虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的形态,激光纳米粒度仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位,HPLC法测定药物包封率,并进行虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒的初步稳定性考察.结果表明,运用高压匀质法制备虎杖总蒽醌固体脂质纳米粒为类圆球状,粒径较均匀.平均粒径为(100±21)nm,包封率为(87.0±0.69)%,平均Zeta电位为-66.3 mV,且在4℃条件下贮存3个月无明显变化,说明本实验工艺合理、可行.同时,制备的纳米粒大小均匀,且稳定性良好.     

黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒的制备及大鼠在体肠吸收研究

选用硬脂酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯混合脂质作为载体,以卵磷脂作为乳化剂制备黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒(BC-SLN),并考察其大鼠在体肠吸收特性.采用热匀质法(hot homogenization technique,HHT)制备BC-SLN,采用循环灌注技术评价黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒和黄芩苷溶液大鼠在体肠吸收特性.制得的BC-SLN平均粒径为(150.8±47.2)nm,zeta电位为(-39.85±0.86) mV,载药量为(4.86±0.37)%,包封率为(88.52±0.32)%,大鼠在体肠吸收实验表明,BC-SLN与黄芩苷溶液相比,吸收速率常数Ka和每小时吸收百分率p均呈增加趋势,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒能够促进黄芩苷大鼠肠吸收.     

荷载JQ1 /紫杉醇 PLGA纳米粒的制备

研究荷载JQ1/紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒的制备,并考察其对黑色素瘤细胞表面PD-L1表达情况的影响。采用乳化溶剂蒸发法制备荷载JQ1/紫杉醇的PLGA纳米粒,并对所制备的纳米粒进行粒径、形貌等理化性质表征;尾静脉注射荷载JQ-1/紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒后,考察大鼠体内的药动学参数;以B16黑色素瘤细胞为模型,应用流式细胞术分析PLGA纳米粒对B16细胞表面PD-L1表达情况的影响。结果表明,所制备的PLGA纳米粒平均粒径为210 nm,其外观呈光滑圆球状。大鼠体内单次静脉注射PLGA纳米粒后,呈二室模型分布,紫杉醇与JQ1主要的药动学参数如下:分布相半衰期为0.142 8、0.169 9 h,消除相半衰期为5.27、2.37 h,血药浓度曲线下面积为8.155、3.793 (μg·h)/mL,清除率为122.612、131.795 mL/(h·kg),表观分布体积为766.07、396.25 mL/kg。流式分析结果表明经PLGA纳米粒组处理后,可降低B16黑色素瘤细胞表面PD-L1的表达。表明所制备的PLGA纳米粒可作为紫杉醇与JQ1两种药物共递送的传输载体,有望提高免疫治疗肿瘤的效果。     

pDNA-巯基壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及Box-Behnken效应面法工艺优化

以巯基壳聚糖(TCS)为基因载体,采用离子交联法制备能用于基因口服研究的质粒DNA-巯基壳聚糖纳米粒(pDNA-TCS-NPs).分别以TCS质量浓度、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)质量浓度、pH值和转速为考察对象,以pDNA-TCS-NPs粒径和Zeta电位为评价指标,采用4因素3水平Box-Behnken 效应面法筛选最佳制备工艺,并对其外观形态,包封率等体外性质进行考察.结果表明:TCS质量浓度为0.80 mg·mL^-1,TPP质量浓度为0.65 mg·mL^-1,pH=5.3,转速为2 000 r·min^-1是最优制备工艺,可制得粒径为(134.21±1.34)nm,Zeta电位为(24.36±0.29)mV,包封率在(80.26±0.56)%,形状规则且分散良好的pDNA-巯基壳聚糖纳米粒;Box-Behnken 实验设计可用于预测和优化pDNA-TCS-NP制备工艺优化筛选.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.