滇西腾冲大松坡锡矿床地质特征及矿床成因探讨

大松坡锡矿床在大地构造位置上位于腾冲地块中著名的腾冲火山区,在成矿带上位于滇西锡成矿带腾冲-梁河成矿亚带.通过对该矿床区域地质背景及特征、控矿因素、矿床成因等研究,结果表明该矿床与区域构造和燕山晚期—喜马拉雅早期岩浆活动有着密切的时空关系和成因联系,成矿物质来源于地壳深部重熔岩浆花岗岩,大松坡锡矿床属于气成高温热液云英岩型脉状矿床.     

湖南加里东期花岗岩成因及铀成矿关系

华南出露大量加里东期花岗岩,其岩石成因、构造背景长期存在争议。湖南省加里东期花岗岩年代学和地球化学数据显示,其主要形成于416～432 Ma之间,岩性主要为花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石类型除少数为I型花岗岩外,大部分为S型花岗岩。地球化学特征为富硅、过铝质和高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,富集Rb、Th、U等元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr等元素;指示岩浆源区为古-中元古代地壳物质部分熔融的产物,部分花岗岩有幔源物质的加入。区域地质背景和岩石地球化学数据指示湖南加里东期岩体形成于碰撞挤压峰期之后挤压减弱、应力松弛的后碰撞构造环境。区域内加里东期花岗岩中铀含量相对较高,为后期铀成矿提供物质来源。     

兰坪-思茅盆地区域构造及铜多金属成矿演化

区域成矿演化受控于区域构造演化,是成矿规律研究中的重要内容.通过对兰坪-思茅地区区域构造演化与成矿系统关系研究,指出该区早古生代以来大地构造演化经历了原特提斯-古特提开启-闭合及多陆块相互作用时期(Pz1-T2)、新特提斯的开启及盆地形成时期(T3-K)和陆内碰撞造山及盆-岭构造系统形成时期(E-Q).伴随构造演化,铜的成矿大致经历了弧后裂谷火山喷流-沉积成矿(S)→洋盆喷流-沉积成矿(Pz2)→俯冲碰撞带幔源岩浆铜镍硫化物成矿(P)→岛弧火山热液及火山沉积成矿(P-T2)→前陆盆地热水沉积成矿(T3)→红层盆地热卤水成矿(J-E)的演化过程.其中,火山喷流沉积型、铜镍硫化物型和改造型是相对重要的3种成矿类型.     

西藏冈底斯西部地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对西藏冈底斯西部措勤县打加错地区粗粒二长花岗岩、中粒二长花岗岩、花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法定年、锆石同位素组成、主量元素测定,获得年龄值分别为(43.5±1.5)Ma、(44.2±2.6)Ma及(44.2±1.7)Ma,结合区域岩浆侵位规律,根据侵入岩地质特征、岩石学、同位素年代学、岩石化学等特征,将研究区出露的花岗岩划分为喜山早期侵入岩,属冈底斯-念青唐古拉中酸性杂岩带南亚带重要组成部分之一。其物质来源与上地壳变质泥岩的部分熔融有关,所形成的构造环境与区域构造背景息息相关,是始新世末喜马拉雅陆块同冈底斯陆块碰撞,陆-陆碰撞造山结束后相对松弛阶段的产物,构造环境同碰撞花岗岩。     

红柳沟—拉配泉蛇绿构造混杂岩带岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

为了查明阿尔金造山带构造演化特征,文中通过对红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿构造混杂带中大量早古生代基性—超基性和酸性岩的调查研究和岩石地球化学分析,结果表明:基性岩体富集Rb,Ba大离子亲石元素和U,La,明显亏损Nb,Ta,Sr等高场强元素,具有弱的铕负异常特征(δEu=0.78~1.08),显示了MORB型和OIB型玄武岩特征;中酸性岩体主要岩石类型包括闪长岩—石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩—二长花岗岩,地球化学显示与俯冲—碰撞作用相关的岩浆岩特征。结合区域地质背景,揭示了阿尔金造山带在早古生代处于洋陆转化的构造演化阶段。     

运用于滇西锡矿床找寻的石油成矿理论

在滇西锡矿床的远景研究中,滇西锡矿床的形成经历了类似石油成矿的地质作用,原始分散的锡在漫长的地质作用过程中,经历了变质、混合岩化、花岗岩化和重熔混染及岩浆分异作用,使锡元素从基底岩系(相当于寒武系公养河群或更老地层)中活化转移出来富集成矿。这一     

桂北九毛锡矿区岩浆岩含矿性及其成因探讨

根据对桂北九毛锡矿区岩浆岩野外地质、岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学等方面的工作,结合成矿大地构造背景,本文着重讨论了与该锡矿成矿有关的超基性岩和花岗岩的含矿性及成因。在本区基性—超基性岩形成过程中锡元素的分异聚集作用,为锡矿成矿奠定了物质基础。花岗岩的形成和演化为成矿带来了大量热流体及部分成矿元素。主要与超基性岩有关的九毛锡矿是一种新的锡矿类型。     

一种可能的多陆块、小洋盆、弱俯冲的动力学特征及其花岗岩演化特点——以秦岭造山带核部花岗岩为例

板块俯冲碰撞理论曾是花岗岩构造动力学、地球动力学研究的主线．如根据碰撞前的俯冲、同碰撞、后碰撞、碰撞后四个阶段提出了对应的四组花岗岩系列．很多造山带花岗岩具有这种演化(如由俯冲型Ⅰ型→碰撞型S型)的特点,从而常常成为人们的一种思维定势．但近年来的研究显示,花岗岩生成演化及其地球动力学背景具有多样性．我们的研究表明,秦岭造山带核部花岗岩在长达700Ma期间发育两期S→H(混合花岗岩,相当于Ⅰ型,Castro,1991;1999)型花岗岩演化．晋宁期较早为S型花岗岩体,多呈线形片麻岩体;略晚为Hss型花岗岩体;之后为Hm型(幔源组分较多)．加里东—海西期中略早的为S型花岗岩;略晚的为H型花岗岩体．初步估算,H型花岗岩体中,幔源组分可达10％～70％,显示了由S→H(或Ⅰ)型花岗岩的连续过渡特点．这种S→H型花岗岩的演化可能揭示了在每次构造旋回中,早期以大陆内部物质的调整和再分配的作用为主;晚期以洋陆或壳幔相互作用为主,这有别于一般的板块俯冲→碰撞演化特点．按照目前的认识,这种S→H型花岗岩的演化至少有以下三种动力学解释：(1)大陆构造体制的俯冲碰撞(S型为主)→拆沉(H型为主);(2)或小洋盆构造体制的弱俯冲(岩浆少)→碰撞(S型为主)→拆沉(H型为主);(3)小洋盆构造体制的弱俯冲(初期S型为主,略后H型为主)→洋壳断沉或大陆弱碰撞后的拆沉(H型为主)．从目前秦岭造山带各学科综合研究成果来看,后一种可能较大．对此,本文提出了一种多陆块、小洋盆、弱俯冲的动力学特征及其花岗岩演化特点．种种迹象表明,中国造山带可能不一定都是在经典(具开阔大洋)板块构造体制下发育起来的．作者探讨性提出多陆块、小洋盆、弱俯冲的动力学特征,它可能具有一定的普遍意义：上述S→H型花岗岩演化也许就是这种大陆动力学演化特点的表征之一．就秦岭造山带而言,其形成演化的构造背景曾有板块构造体制和陆内裂陷、断陷等不同认识,这可能都从不同侧面反映了某种共同的特性;多陆块、小洋盆、弱俯冲的构造体制和动力学特征有可能是这些现象的综合反映,而使两种不同认识达到某种程度的统一;这可能是客观的实体特性所决定的．     

赣北地区锡矿成矿地质特征及成矿规律分析

为了解赣北地区锡矿成矿地质特征及成矿规律,在收集前人工作成果的基础上,对锡矿密切相关的围岩含矿建造、控矿构造及岩浆岩成矿专属性开展分析与研究。结果表明,赣北地区新元古界双桥山群和晋宁期花岗岩是锡多金属矿成矿物质的基础,矿田或矿集区主要位于NW向(或多组复合)构造控制复式杂岩体岩基之中,矿床或矿体则主要受白(二)云母花岗岩岩瘤(脉)制约,主要分布于岩体接触带附近,尤其在白(二)云母花岗岩体上拱凸的内外接触带更为明显,白垩纪晚期伸展作用形成的NNE向构造往往控制着矿体展布。本研究成果可为今后的锡矿找矿工作提供依据和方向。     

内生锡矿成矿系列的地质特征及其成矿规律

内生锡矿床可划成三个成矿系列,即火山作用锡矿、岩浆期后锡矿、花岗岩化锡矿。三者产于不同地质背景,具有不同的矿床特征与成矿规律,找矿方向与评价准则也随之而异。沿着从火山作用锡矿→岩浆期后锡矿→花岗岩化锡矿的方向,矿床形成深度由浅到深,成矿时期从新到老。岩浆期后锡矿成矿分带性有两个模式,一是硅铝质岩石中的正常分带,另一是碳酸盐岩石中的反常分带,后者与成矿时的碱性环境和围岩的屏蔽作用有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to