中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）的胚胎发育

对中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)胚胎发育过程的外部形态及器官发育特点进行了详细地描述,为中国大鲵胚胎发育制定出完整的分期标准.中国大鲵胚胎发育过程依据形态学和组织学特征可以划分为6个阶段:卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段、孵化阶段,共20个时期.从整体上来看,中国大鲵的胚胎发育特征与东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)、黑斑蛙(R.nigromaculata)大体相似,主要的差异表现在早期卵裂方式以及消化系统的发育方面.形态学及组织学观察表明,中国大鲵卵裂并非盘状卵裂类型.同时,中国大鲵胚胎发育过程中前三次卵裂均为经裂,胚胎消化系统的发生发育迟缓,无平衡器或口吸盘等,这些均为中国大鲵胚胎发育的显著特点.     

中国大鲵胚胎发育形态特性比较研究

通过观察在全人工繁育条件下大鲵的胚胎发育及器官的形成过程,对比仿天然生态养殖的大鲵胚胎发育过程,对大鲵从受精卵到孵化为幼苗出膜进行了连续系统的形态学观察.结果发现:人工繁育的大鲵在胚胎发育至神经胚期和器官形成期,有明显的"神经沟出现"、"视泡形成"和"心脏跳动"的特征,因而在传统分期的基础上增加了"神经沟期"、"视泡形成期"和"心脏跳动期",从而将大鲵的胚胎发育过程细化为23个时期;虽然同种大鲵的人工繁育和仿生态养殖方式绝大部分发育时期的外形特征基本相同,但在卵裂期和神经胚期依旧存在差异;并利用人工繁育技术,提高其孵化率,为进一步研究大鲵的人工繁育提供理论基础和实验材料.     

中国大鲵小肠电和小肠运动的神经控制

以小肠电和小肠纵肌张力为指标，通过观察经典神经递质及其阻断剂的效应，探讨了中国大鲵小肠电和小肠运动的神经调节机制．     

中国大鲵皮肤的组织学观察

本文研究了中国大鲵皮肤的组织学结构,结果表明:(1)中国大鲵皮肤存在着丰富的皮肤呼吸结构。(2)中国大鲵皮肤上的疣瘤在头部的背面及腹面构成特定图形,这是其特有的。(3)同爬行类的鳄蜥相比较,中国大鲵皮肤结构仍呈以水生为主的特性。     

铜离子对中国大鲵幼体的胁迫效应

为研究铜离子暴露对中国大鲵的毒性效应,以中国大鲵幼体为研究对象,采用慢性染毒法,将大鲵幼体暴露于0mg/L、1.0mg/L、1.5mg/L和3.0mg/L的铜溶液中30d,观察铜离子胁迫下的大鲵幼体临床症。之后立即对大鲵幼体进行解剖并观察其皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织的病理变化,同时采集大鲵幼体的皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠,利用石蜡切片和HE染色对大鲵幼体的组织病理损伤进行观察。结果表明,随着铜离子浓度的增加,大鲵幼体异常行为与其体表黏液的分泌也越加频繁;铜离子胁迫会导致大鲵幼体膀胱显著膨大并充斥大量尿液;铜离子对大鲵幼体皮肤的真皮结构、肝脏和胰脏细胞会产生一定的病理损伤,但对大鲵幼体皮肤、肝脏、胰脏和小肠组织结构未造成毒害效应。本研究表明,铜离子胁迫30d后会对大鲵幼体产生一定的毒性效应,并且毒性程度与铜离子的浓度呈正相关关系。     

中国大鲵的骨学研究

中国大鲵(Megalobatrachus davidianus Blanchard)属于两栖纲、有尾目、隐鳃鲵科、大鲵属。它是我国的珍贵动物。 隐鳃鲵科(Cryptobranchidae)分为两属:隐鳃鲵属(Cryptobranchus)和大鲵属(Megalo-batrachus),断裂分布在北美东部和亚洲东部。中国大鲵是隐鳃鲵科在我国仅有的一种,主要分布在华中、华南、西南、云贵等地。作为有尾两栖类的代表动物,它是研究脊椎动物由水上陆进化历史的好材料。     

中国大鲵（Andrias davidianus）产卵期输卵管分泌特征及卵外胶膜研究

利用组织学观察、扫描电子显微镜及凝胶电泳分析技术,研究中国大鲵产卵期输卵管结构及分泌特征,探讨了输卵管与卵外胶膜形成的关系．产卵期中国大鲵输卵管显著增长,管壁增厚,管径增大,输卵管粘膜上皮向腔内突起形成皱襞,内表面纤毛密集,单管状腺分支增多,腺细胞内充满胶质．产卵期中国大鲵输卵管这些结构特征与其功能是相适应的．产卵期中国大鲵输卵管液蛋白成分电泳检测显示中国大鲵输卵管液的分泌主要集中在弯曲部的中后段．卵外胶膜与输卵管液的蛋白成分比较也表明：弯曲部中后段输卵管液与卵外胶膜存在有较多相同蛋白带,该段是构建中国大鲵卵外胶膜的主要场所。     

中国大鲵复合体谱系多样性及贵州分布中国大鲵的分类评估

为探索新生代地质构造演化在塑造贵州及周边地区地质景观过程中,对现存动物分布模式的影响,选择中国大鲵复合体Andrias davidianus comlex作为研究物种,以线粒体基因组作为分子标记,探讨中新世地质构造事件对于中国大鲵复合体的系统发育和谱系分化.系统发育分析表明:在中国大鲵复合体中,有与地理区域相关的7个主...     

中国大鲵5个野生种群的AFLP分析

 采用AFLP技术对中国大鲵四川、贵州、湖北、陕西及河南五个野生种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平进行了评估。9对引物组合在5个野生种群中共扩增出507条带,其中多态性条带为354。多态位点比例（69.82%）、香农信息指数（0.362 9）和基因多样性指数（0.241 4）等参数均较高,显示中国大鲵遗传多样性水平较为丰富。AMOVA分析发现,中国大鲵遗传多样性绝大部分位于种群内（97.94%）。种群间遗传分化较弱（Фst = 0.021,P<0.001）。根据种群间遗传距离构建的UPGMA树基本依照流域进行聚类,结合化石证据,推测中国大鲵由北向南进行扩散。     

中国大鲵雌性生殖系统的解剖学和组织学研究

用光镜和电镜观察了冬季大鲵卵巢卵母细胞的发育过程以及输卵管管壁的显微和超微结构，对大鲵冬季卵母细胞中的线粒体和大小卵母细胞的变化进行了详尽的观察，靠近卵核区域的线粒体大多数是原线粒体，它们没有形成明显的嵴，有的处于增殖状态，散在卵质中的线粒体大多数是成熟的线粒体，有的有明显的嵴，另外还分析了输卵管管壁的各种形态的腺体细胞的结构，讨论了卵母细胞中线粒体变化的原因和冬季大鲵儿卵母细胞的分期，比较了中国大鲵的输卵管管壁与中国林蛙输卵管管壁显微和超微结构的差别。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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