大质量中子星内部中微子辐射的相对论效应研究

通过相对论平均场理论和相关冷却理论,我们采用四组常用的核物质参数组(GL85,GM1,GPS250,GPS300)研究含有相对论效应和不含相对论效应两种情况下的大质量中子星冷却性质.结果表明,中微子辐射的相对论效应在大质量中子星(比如脉冲星PSR J1614-2230)内部表现得较为显著.四组参数组中,GPS300参数组导致中微子发射率下降的幅度最大,而GM1参数组使得冷却速度降幅最明显.     

中子星中的超子相

本文一方面采用相对论平均场理论来研究超子Λ、∑和≡对中子星的粒子分布、质量半径关系等方面性质的影响。另一方面,又从弱相互作用理论出发,讨论超子如何改变直接Urca过程的发生范围和中微子发射率,进而研究超子对中子星冷却性质的影响。结果表明,超子对中子星的影响是复杂的、多方面的、且不可忽略的。     

核子耦合参数对中子星中超子相的影响

中子星中超子的出现以及超子的比例对中子星的性质具有重要影响,不同的核子相互作用模型如何影响中子星中的超子是一个重要物理问题.从相对论平均场理论出发,选取不同核子耦合参数,计算了中子星中超子的数密度,发现不同类核子耦合参数对中子星中超子出现和中子星向超子星转变的转变密度有不同影响,而且核子相互作用的σ介子势和ω介子势影响显著,而ρ介子势影响较小.这些结果对大质量中子星性质的理论研究具有重要参考价值.     

广义相对论中荷电的晚期恒星

在本文中,我们研究了静态荷电的球对称星体,给出了它的Einstein场方程内部精确解,建立了相应的星体结构的微分方程、Emden方程和中子星结构方程。计算指出,由于电荷作用,处于平衡态的白矮星临界质量、中子星临界质量将大于不带电的Chandrasekhar临界质量和Oppenheimer—Volkoff临界质量。     

高密天体特征分析

对恒星演化后期的三类高密星体（白矮星，中子星，黑洞）的基本性质和概念作了简明介绍．     

中子星辐射引力红移的量子真空极化修正

测量中子星表面辐射谱的引力红移被认为是探究这类致密天体基本物理特性最为直接有效的手段. 但是,脉冲星、磁星这些强磁化中子星表面的辐射红移不仅源于引力的作用, 还需要考虑星体表面的磁化等离子体以及由超强磁场所诱导的量子电动力学(quantum electrodynamics, QED) 真空极化效应对辐射的电磁作用. 运用Gordon有效度规理论研究磁化等离子体以及QED真空极化效应对星体辐射的影响. 计算结果表明, 一般情况下对辐射引力红移的修正起主要作用的是星体表面的磁化等离子体, 但在某些特定情况下, 还必须考虑QED真空极化效应的作用.     

有限温度下强超子-超子相互作用对中子星的影响

文章在相对论平均场的框架内研究了有限温度下强超子-超子（YY）相互作用对中子星物质的影响．结果表明，包含强YY相互作用后，（1）星体会被进一步的超子化；（2）星体最大质量变小而相应的半径变大．另一方面，随着温度的升高，YY项对中子星物质的主要影响迅速减弱．在高于约46MeV时，强YY项在中子星里的效果是可以忽略的．     

大质量中子星可包含超子

在相对论平均场理论(RMFT)框架下考虑超子自由度, 用7个参数组计算中子星的质量, 并分析超子耦合常数对中子星最大质量的影响. 结果表明: 对应状态方程（EOS）较硬的3个参数组（NLSH,NL3,NL2）, 中子星的最大质量可达已观测到中子星PSR J0348+0432和PSR J1614-2230及双中子星合并GW170817中给出的质量, 即大质量中子星结构中可包含超子相； 随着超子耦合常数χ的增大, 状态方程变硬, 中子星最大质量增大； 当NLSH参数组的χ≥0.6时, 中子星最大质量均大于2M⊙（M⊙为太阳质量）. 因此, 合理选择状态方程较硬的参数组与较强超子耦合常数可获得大质量中子星.     

超子对中子星的影响

通过相对论平均场模型以及弱相互作用理论研究∑超子对中子星的影响。结果表明,∑超子对三种介子场均有影响,进而改变了中子星内部的粒子分布、质量——半径关系等。∑超子在冷却方面的效应更加明显,一方面,它们改变电子和肚子的直接Urca过程的发生范围,另一方面也使得中微子发射率大幅降低,因此∑超子可能并不利于中子星冷却。     

核子“直接URCA”过程发生的条件和中子星的冷却机制

讨论了核子的“直接ＵＲＣＡ”过程发生的条件，发现在ＵＶ１４＋ＵＶⅡ态式描述的中子星物质中，核子的“直接ＵＲＣＡ”过程发生的条件是质子数分数必须超过０．１４；强调在中子昨丙“标准冷却”机制和“非标准冷却”机械可能同时存在；对几个没质量中子星的冷却过程的计算结果表明，引力 质量小于约１．６Ｍ的中子星核内应发生“标准冷却”过程，而在引力质量大于约１．６Ｍ的中子星核内可能存在２种冷却机制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-