壳聚糖—GAF对味精发酵液的絮凝作用研究

利用两种无毒絮凝剂ＧＡＦ和壳聚糖对味精发酵液的絮凝作用进行研究，结果表明：两种絮凝剂联合絮凝味精发酵液效果好，发酵液ＯＤ值降至０．０４５，除菌率９８．５％。同时对壳聚糖的絮凝机制进行研究，得出：低粘度、高氨基含量的壳聚糖效果显著。此外，应用本联合絮凝剂作用于酵母发酵液，效果极佳，透光率达１００％，除菌率为９６．８％。     

l—置换群的弱可迁性

给出了ｌ－置换群是弱２－可迁的等价条件，利用本原分量给出了正规值ｌ－群的等价条件。     

氯化锌与l—苯丙氨酸的配合行为

用半微量相平衡法研究了ＺｎＣｌ２－Ｐｈｅ－Ｈ２Ｏ三元体系在２５℃及全浓度范围内的溶度性质，结果表明，该体系中形成两种化合物：Ｚｎ（Ｐｈｅ）Ｃｌ２．１／２Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｚｎ（Ｐｈｅ）２Ｃｌ２．Ｈ２Ｏ，它们均属水中固液异成分溶解化合物。在相平衡结果指下，在水中制备了两种化合物，通过化学分析、元素分析、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ和ＸＰＳ对它们进行了表征。     

后道味精母液提取谷氨酸后废液的综合利用的方法

本文提出几中对后道味精母液经提取谷氨酸后的废液进行综合利用的方法，可将废液中残留的谷氨酸进行有效的回收和利用，变废为宝，提高企业的经济效益，减轻污染。     

l—置换群的同余

讨论了ｌ－置换群上同余的性质,给出了全序集上的序同态分解,把集合上的映射分解推广到了全序集中。     

格序群的l－子群

本文讨论了格序群的大ｌ－子群与稠ｌ－子群的若干关系．     

Non-vesicular release of glutamate from glial cells by reversed electrogenic glutamate uptake

Glutamate uptake into nerve and glial cells usually functions to keep the extracellular glutamate concentration low in the central nervous system. But one component of glutamate release from neurons is calcium-independent, suggesting a non-vesicular release that may be due to a reversal of glutamate uptake. The activity of the electrogenic glutamate uptake carrier can be monitored by measuring the membrane current it produces, and uptake is activated by intracellular potassium ions. Here we report that raising the potassium concentration around glial cells evokes an outward current component produced by reversed glutamate uptake. This current is activated by intracellular glutamate and sodium, inhibited by extracellular glutamate and sodium, and increased by membrane depolarization. These results demonstrate a non-vesicular mechanism for the release of glutamate from glial cells and neurons. This mechanism may contribute to the neurotoxic rise in extracellular glutamate concentration during brain anoxia.     

Structure of a glutamate transporter homologue from Pyrococcus horikoshii

Glutamate transporters are integral membrane proteins that catalyse the concentrative uptake of glutamate from the synapse to intracellular spaces by harnessing pre-existing ion gradients. In the central nervous system glutamate transporters are essential for normal development and function, and are implicated in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present the crystal structure of a eukaryotic glutamate transporter homologue from Pyrococcus horikoshii. The transporter is a bowl-shaped trimer with a solvent-filled extracellular basin extending halfway across the membrane bilayer. At the bottom of the basin are three independent binding sites, each cradled by two helical hairpins, reaching from opposite sides of the membrane. We propose that transport of glutamate is achieved by movements of the hairpins that allow alternating access to either side of the membrane.     

双乙酸钠的醋酸钠-醋酸法合成研究

以醋酸和三水醋酸钠为原料,在无溶剂的条件下制备双乙酸钠,系统地研究了原料配比、反应时间和水含量等因素对产品质量及收率的影响;得到的优化工艺条件如下:n(醋酸)∶n(醋酸钠)=1.1∶1,反应时间为30 min,水的质量分数为10%,产物收率为96%以上,产品质量达到美国食品级标准。     

Co-release of glutamate and aspartate from cholinergic and GABAergic synaptosomes

Glutamate and aspartate are known to be released in a calcium-dependent fashion by depolarizing stimulation of mammalian brain synaptosomes (isolated nerve endings), an observation which strengthens their claims to be neurotransmitter candidates. The source of these compounds has been interpreted as the exclusively glutamatergic or aspartatergic synaptosome sub-populations assumed to be present in the standard heterogeneous preparations from mammalian brain. Several neurotransmitter-specific synaptosomal surface markers have recently been identified by immunolysis studies and these have allowed separation of subpopulations of synaptosomes by an affinity purification method. These markers appear to be closely related to the biosynthetic enzyme for the principal neurotransmitter released by each sub-category of synaptosome. We have isolated highly purified, metabolically active, GABAergic and cholinergic synaptosomes from cerebral cortex using antisera recognizing either glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), in conjunction with magnetic microspheres covalently coupled to Protein A (ref. 8), and now report that these synaptosomes release both glutamate and aspartate, in addition to their principal neurotransmitter, when treated with chemical depolarizing agents.     

The mechanism of sodium and substrate release from the binding pocket of vSGLT

Membrane co-transport proteins that use a five-helix inverted repeat motif have recently emerged as one of the largest structural classes of secondary active transporters. However, despite many structural advances there is no clear evidence of how ion and substrate transport are coupled. Here we report a comprehensive study of the sodium/galactose transporter from Vibrio parahaemolyticus (vSGLT), consisting of molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical characterization and a new crystal structure of the inward-open conformation at a resolution of 2.7??. Our data show that sodium exit causes a reorientation of transmembrane helix 1 that opens an inner gate required for substrate exit, and also triggers minor rigid-body movements in two sets of transmembrane helical bundles. This cascade of events, initiated by sodium release, ensures proper timing of ion and substrate release. Once set in motion, these molecular changes weaken substrate binding to the transporter and allow galactose readily to enter the intracellular space. Additionally, we identify an allosteric pathway between the sodium-binding sites, the unwound portion of transmembrane helix 1 and the substrate-binding site that is essential in the coupling of co-transport.     

铬酸钠碱性液中氢氧化钠的高效分离研究

为实现铬铁矿碱溶得到的铬酸钠碱性液中Na2CrO4和NaOH的高效分离,研究了铬酸钠碱性液体系的蒸发结晶过程工艺,通过条件优化得到:碱性液的蒸发至碱度为47.67%(w%),结晶温度为40℃时,保温1 h后过滤,可以实现铬酸钠与氢氧化钠的有效分离。     

The sources of sodium escaping from Io revealed by spectral high definition imaging

On Jupiter's moon Io, volcanic plumes and evaporating lava flows provide hot gases to form an atmosphere that is subsequently ionized. Some of Io's plasma is captured by the planet's strong magnetic field to form a co-rotating torus at Io's distance; the remaining ions and electrons form Io's ionosphere. The torus and ionosphere are also depleted by three time-variable processes that produce a banana-shaped cloud orbiting with Io, a giant nebula extending out to about 500 Jupiter radii, and a jet close to Io. No spatial constraints exist for the sources of the first two; they have been inferred only from modelling the patterns seen in the trace gas sodium observed far from Io. Here we report observations that reveal a spatially confined stream that ejects sodium only from the wake of the Io-torus interaction, together with a visually distinct, spherically symmetrical outflow region arising from atmospheric sputtering. The spatial extent of the ionospheric wake that feeds the stream is more than twice that observed by the Galileo spacecraft and modelled successfully. This implies considerable variability, and therefore the need for additional modelling of volcanically-driven, episodic states of the great jovian nebula.     

从铝酸钠溶液中析出一水软铝石的实验研究

通过热力学分析确定了铝酸钠溶液体系中三水铝石、一水软铝石平衡固相与温度和苛性比之间的关系。以三水铝石为前驱体，通过水热法处理，制得蛄晶良好、纯度较高的一水软铝石；升高温度，延长反应时间，减小前驱体粒度以及加入适量苛性碱都有利于三水铝石向一水软铝石的转变。以一水软铝石为晶种分解铝酸钠溶液的实验结果表明：分解原液浓度升高，分解率降低；晶种粒度减小，分解时间延长，分解率升高；在95℃，铝酸钠溶液只析出一水软铝石，且最大分解率可迭43．19％；而在85℃以下，分解产物为三水铝石。实验蛄果与理论分析结果相吻合。