Application of Grey Associative Analysis to the Assessment of Regional Water Security

The assessment of water security is an important content in the security management of water resources due to the fact that the state of water security directly affects both the sustainable development of regional economy and the improvement on the living quality of mankind．Grey associative analysis is introduced and applied to assessment of water security on the basis of grey characteristics of the assessment index system of water security．As a case study shows,grey associative analysis is used for evaluating water security of some provinces in China,and the satisfactory assessment results are obtained．The sequence of provinces in China with regard to water security from good to poor is obtained and,moreover,the water security level of each region is also confirmed．The results obtained accord with the actual state of each region．They are of practical significance and can be used to guide the management of regional water security and a sustainable development of the economy therein．At the same time,the results demonstrate that grey associative analysis provides a new method for assessing water security quantitatively but needs a further study．     

Nuclear Energy—the Strategic Role and Sustainability in China

analyzing the challenges of China’s energy supply, an excellent perspective of nuclear power development in china has been described. Taking into account the midlong term development requirements, a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable nuclear power strategic consideration and proposal is put forward. Thus our national nuclear industry can not only catch up with the world advanced level in proper time, but also possess the enough stamina of sustainability.     

Application of Grey Associative Analysis to the Assessment of Regional Water Security

The assessment of water security is an important content in the security management of water resources due to the fact that the state of water security directly affects both the sustainable development of regional economy and the improvement on the living quality of mankind. Grey associative analysis is introduced and applied to assessment of water security on the basis of grey characteristics of the assessment index system of water security. As a case study shows, grey associative analysis is used for evaluating water security of some provinces in China, and the satisfactory assessment results are obtained. The sequence of provinces in China with regard to water security from good to poor is obtained and, moreover, the water security level of each region is also confirmed. The results obtained accord with the actual state of each region. They are of practical significance and can be used to guide the management of regional water security and a sustainable development of the economy therein. At the same time, the results demonstrate that grey associative analysis provides a new method for assessing water security     

Contributing to Sustainable Development—The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given．It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded．The present situation of China’s higher education and the improvements required were analyzed．Two modes of thinking（reductionism and holism）and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed．The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education,and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary．A proposal of the revision of China’s Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward．     

Urban transport policy response to global climate change in China

Accompanying with the economic development and the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, the energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission of transport sector increased rapidly. From the viewpoint of how the urban traffic management department should cope with the global climate change, based on the economy, institutional reform, planning and policies in China, the paper analyzed the main important problems and obstacles in the development of urban transport, put forward the corresponding policy recommendations which could lead the urban transport system transform to low carbon emission and become more suitable to the climate change.     

Introduction to rainwater management in Australia and suggestions for China’s water problems

Australia is one of the world leaders in water management. The country meets the challenge of water shortage with established integrated water management in which rainwater is taken as a too precious resource to be just drained off. In Australia, rainwater is extensively harvested and polished to provide cheaper supply for potable and non-potable domestic uses, irrigation, landscaping, refilling aquifers and other uses. Implementing dual management over the quantity and quality of storm water and practicing water sensitive urban design (WSUD) in urban areas effectively control non-point-source pollution of waterways by pollutants carried with runoffs, reduce the discharge of rainwater and thus protect properties and lives from damage by floods. These achievements are attributed to constant reinforcement by govenments from federal to local levels in policy, financial, legal and educational aspects, and also to the lasting efforts of professional communities and water industry in developing requisite techniques, demonstrating the benefits and fostering public credence of rainwater reuse. The successful rainwater management practices in Australia suggest rainwater harvesting can be a complimentary means for the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme to solve the water shortage in China’s northern regions, and thus release to a degree the pressure on the Yangtze water resources. Best management practices of rainwater can be an effective controlling strategy for flooding and non-point-source water pollution of waterways. Such in-site source control initiatives have particular significance to protecting slow waterways of weak self-purification ability, like the Three Gorges Reservior.     

Water cycle evolution in the Haihe River Basin in the past 10000 years

The water shortage problem in the Haihe River Basin is the most severe in China, and has restricted its economic development. Over-extraction of groundwater has been very severe in the past 30 years. To solve this problem, scientific decisions should be made from a historical perspective. It is important to describe water cycle evolution in the Haihe River basin over the past 10000 years. Datasets of paleoclimate, paleogeography, palynoflora, historical record, isotopic abundance ratio and content were collected for research on different time scales. Some interesting conclusions were drawn by a comprehensive analysis method. First, radiation was the intrinsic force driving the evolution of water cycle. Generally, precipitation increased with temperature. Second, precipitation was high during 8 ka-5 ka B.P., the so-called Yangshao warm period of the Middle Holocene, which recharged the major part of the Quaternary groundwater. Third, heavy floods during this period transported sediment to the seaside, forming the Coastal Plain where cities such as Tianjin, Huanghua, Cangzhou are now located. In the last 3000 years, intermittent moderate floods did not have enough energy to transport sediment to the sea. Rivers usually overflowed in the piedmont region of the Taihang Mountains, and sediment deposited there formed the Piedmont Plain, where locate Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan, Baoding and other cities. Precipitation had a high correlation with temperature in Haihe River Basin in the past 10000 years: the high temperature usually coupled with high precipitation. Today precipitation in the Haihe River Basin is relatively low, owing to low temperature. This study reveals the relationship between temperature, precipitation and river networks in the past 10000 years in Haihe River Basin, which has great scientific and practical importance in understanding the current water circulation and water shortage.     

Fast Reactor Technology Development in China Status and Prospects

China has decided to speedup the nuclear power development. It is programmed that the nuclear power capacity will reach 40 GWe in 2020 and envisaged 60 GWe and 240 GWe in 2030 and 2050 respectively. The basic strategy of PWRFBR matched development with Fast reactor metal fuel closed cycle for a sustainable and quick increasing nuclear energy supply is adopted. Another strategy also decided is that the partitioning and transmutation of MA will be realized using fast burner and ADS.The fast reactor engineering development will be divided into three steps: China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR 65 MWt/20 MWe), China Prototype/Demonstration Fast Reactor (CPFR/CDFR ≥ 1 500 MWt/600 MWe) and China Demonstration Fast Breeder Reactor (CDFBR 1 000～1 500 MWe). The CEFR is under installation and preoperation testing with it’s first criticality planned in 2009. The design study of CPFR is just started in 2006. Recently a discussion for the second step is under way to faster the fast reactor development by a larger than 600 MWe CPFR and as a role of CDFR.     

Integrated simulation of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin

Water resource shortages, water environmental deterioration, and water ecological degradation are becoming increasingly prominent in the Haihe River Basin under the effects of global climate change and intense human activity. Finding ways to solve these problems reasonably is an urgent task in basin water resources management. The water cycle describes the formation and transformation of every water drop, while it interacts with associated water ecology and water environment processes. Therefore, to fundamentally solve the above problems, the three processes must be combined and the evolutionary trends of the ecology and water environment driven by the water cycle must be determined. To comprehensively diagnose and solve the problems of water resources, ecology and water environment in the basin, an integrated simulation platform of the dualistic water cycle and its associated processes in the Haihe River Basin was established by fully analyzing the "natural-social" dualistic characteristics of the evolution of the basin water cycle in this study. Accordingly, it is a supporting tool to evaluate the future trends of water resources, ecology and the water environment by setting scenarios based on the predictions of a climate mode and water control conditions. The results show that with climate change, the water consumption, groundwater overexploitation, and the amount of water flowing to the sea could develop soundly and satisfy the requirements of national economic growth in the future planning year 2030 through the implementation of water consumption control management and the South-North Water Diversion Project. Meanwhile, associated water environmental deterioration can be alleviated, and a growing trend for production capacities of the natural ecosystem and agro-ecosystem is seen. The above results provide a foundation for implementing basin water resources regulation and the most strict water resources management.     

Trend of urban system structure under the restriction of water and land resources in Xinjiang

On the basis of studies on water and land resources affecting urban development and urban system structure in Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the utilization status and shortage of urban water resources. It is considered that both the consumption and waste of urban water resources are in an increase trend. Most cities and towns in Xinjiang are in shortage of water resources, however, waste of water resources are serious, especially in small towns. The development of the megapolis and moderate cities is evidently restricted by limited land resources. Though there are relatively large spaces of expanding the small cities and towns, the output benefits of water and land resources are low. In order to achieve the ordinal expansion of urban system structure in Xinjiang, it is suggested to take the urban spatial development pattern of ＂one circle and three belts＂ and the resources-economized strategy in the rapid development of urbanization.     

The Briefing Relating to the Construction of Dust-Storm Monitoring, Predicting and Service System

Dust-storm is a kind of severe weather, which has comprehensive and significant impacts on socioeconomic development and people‘s livelihood. Enhancing the abihties of dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service will be of great benefit and the important significance to China and its people. At present, the comprehensive operation on dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service is still in a preliminary phase, the abilities of operation can‘ t meet the needs of implementing the real-time and quantitative monitoring and providing the efficient service. The implementation of the project of dust-storm monitoring, predicting and service system will greatly improve the service ability and level for tile sustainable development and make a greater contribution to build the better-off society. The first phase project mainly involves monitoring subsystem, predicting, warning and service subsystem; communications and transmission subsystem, etc. In the first phase construction a series of major measures should be taken to address project overall benefits, such as making better use of current monitoring resource, taking into account the standards of data format and project integrative and extensive abilities and so on.     

Research on Planning ＆ Evaluaion for Track Traffic Under China’s Sustainable Development Strategy

The author advances some basic problems of planning ＆ evaluating for track traffic in the proeess of putting sustainable develop-ment strategy in practice and stresses the study of planning and evaluating methiod system for track traffic and environment strategy.sum-maries and main creative points presented in the thesis are as follows:①The changes of track traffic planning obiects cause by the concept of sustainable development are analyzed;②The theory ＆?A method of tracd planning optimal decision isset up ;③Environment im-pact assessment for track traffic planning is advanced;⑤Urbun mass transit network plannin is studied;④Planning of intrcity rail sys-tem——the alignment ofptimizattion of deicated passenger line and high speed railway line is studied;⑥An overall evaluation index sys-tem for sustainable development of track traffic planning is estahlished;⑦The track traffie building capacity for sustainable development is studied.Further more,the effect of the mehod and models with empirical studies is verified.The corresponding pplication software is re-alized to provide information service and decision-making support to traffic planning for putting theory into practice.     

Introducing Seawater China for Sustainablefrom Bohai Sea to WestDevelopment in the Area

Sustained and profound aridization process in north-west China in Tertiary and Quaternary period and time of mankind history are discussed. The rain-creased function of 3 set high mountain condensation systems in north-west China is recognized once more. A sandstorm happened on 20th March 2002 in Alasan and Ejinaqi areas was very strong and arrived in Japan and Korea. For saving Alasan area from sandstorm a way of introducing sea water from Bohai to Alasan has been proposed. Four problems are replied in this paper. It is concluded that introducing sea water from Bohai to west China is the best way for sustainable development of west China.     

A Milestone in China’s Space History —The White Paper on China’s Space Activities

The white paper document titled“China’s Space Activities”,released in November２０００by the Information Office of the State Council,represents the first time for China to fully,systematically and publicly introduce to the world China’s space development strategy and concerned policies．Its release is a milestone event in the country’s space history,bearing great importance and profound influence to its future space efforts．The paper here describes the shaping processes of some important new ideas and concepts,including the connotative meaning of“space activities in a broad sense”and the roles and positions of different sectors in such activities．It also briefly discusses related policies concerning the country’s space development and short term concepts and plans on its civil space activities．     

Railway intelligent transportation system and its applications

With the development of artificial intelligence, communication, computer and other related technologies, it becomes feasible to rebuild traditional railway with such advanced technologies in order to establish a new generation railway transport system. The railway intelligent transportation system is the trend of railway transportation system in China, and it is also the research focus of international railway transport industry. This paper presents the definition, characters, architecture, key technologies and developing pattern of the RITS(railway intelligent transportation system). Then three typical applications are introduced. Finally, the prospect of the RITS is summarized.     

Optimal Dispatching of Large—scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method,is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water sup-ply systems.     

Ways to Achieve Sustainable Development for the Steel Enterprises

Sustainable development strategy is the only choice for steel companies in China. Starting with environment protection, energysaving and integrated resource utilization, supported by technology advancement and environmental investment, sustainable development strategy can be implemented to drive the circular economy. Thereby, the responsibility to realize the long-term harmony and synergy between society and enterprises is taken by Baosteel.     

Status and trend of hydrogeological experiments concerning the side-wall flow effect in porous media

Hydrogeological experiments provide an important means to understand groundwater seepage and solute transport problems. Basic hydrogeological parame- ters can be obtained for use in assessing groundwater resources. In current porous-media research, studies of side-wall flow are in a preliminary and qualitative phase, and lack systematic and comprehensive understanding. Side-wall flow refers to the non-uniform infiltration and solute transport that occurs near the seepage device boundary. Flow dynamics depends on the fluid under the specific hydraulic conditions, physical properties and chemical composition, medium permeability, the rough- ness of the side wall, geometric features, and physical chemistry. Such phenomena not only occur in indoor water flows and solute transport, but also under natural conditions in the field. Side-wall flow has features both in common as well as distinct from preferential flows. In porous-media experiments, once side-wall flow commences, it affects the groundwater flow field and chemistry field, resulting in parameter values deviating from actual values. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the influence of side-wail flow, a definition of the side-wall flow effect in porous media is given. Three directions of research are identified concern- ing side-wall flow： the mechanism of the side-wall flows effect, the study of its quantitative impact on seepage flow and solute transport, and the methods and measures that need to be taken in hydrogeological experiments to reduce （or prevent） side-wall flow development.     

Practical Optimal Control of Large-scale Water Distribution Network

According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which can be solved by the hierarchical optimization method, was established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Hangzhou (China) was compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study showed that the developed model is a promising optimization method to control the large-scale water supply systems.