硝化系统中自养细菌动力学参数的测定及其影响因素

自养细菌增长动力学表达式表明,在较低的起始硝态氮浓度和自养细菌浓度条件下,通过分析硝态氮浓度随时间的变化趋势,可以确定自养细菌最大增长速率.采用间歇式活性污泥法测定了自养细菌最大增长速率,分析了测定过程中的影响因素.试验结果表明,硝化系统内自养细菌最大增长速率在20 ℃时的变化范围为0.32～0.54 d-1,平均值为0.45 d-1.温度、溶解氧、接种污泥浓度、起始氨氮浓度以及污水中的有机物均会对自养细菌最大增长速率的测定产生重要影响.     

初始pH值对废水反硝化脱氮的影响

为探讨pH值对硝态氮反硝化体系的影响,设定初始pH范围为4-10,对反硝化过程中NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、TOC和△TOC/△TN的变化规律、反硝化动力学以及抑制机理进行研究. 结果发现：最适宜的反硝化pH值为8,过酸过碱都不利于反硝化过程的进行. 在pH=8时,反应时间最短,硝态氮的去除率为99.4%,TN的降解率为95.5%. 亚硝态氮积累量在pH〈7时小于1 mg/L;pH〉7时,随pH的增大而增大,最大积累率为22%. 硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH=8时最大,为2.52 mg NOx-N/（g MLVSS·h）;亚硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH=7时最大,为1.66 mg NOx-N/（g MLVSS·h）. 因此,反硝化最佳的pH值为7～8.     

自养反硝化技术在工业污水处理厂的应用

针对污水处理厂废水深度脱氮的需求,采用自养反硝化技术进行深度脱氮处理,通过小试和中试研究了硫铁复合填料在不同停留时间、不同温度下的脱氮效果以及进水pH的变化.针对该中试项目开发了一套PLC自控系统,使之可以实现完全自动化控制.小试试验结果表明:低温对硫铁自养反硝化处理效率的影响较大,最低温度不宜低于20℃:进水硝氮平均...     

基于短程硝化的同步脱氮除磷影响因素研究

对以亚硝态氮为电子受体的同步脱氮除磷技术的影响因素进行了研究,分别考察了亚硝态氮最大抑制浓度、碳氮比、碳磷比、pH值等因素对氮和磷去除效果的影响,结果表明,亚硝态氮的最大抑制浓度为150 mg/L,COD∶NO2-N∶P最佳质量比大致为100∶7.69∶2,最佳pH值为7.39±0.2,此时磷的去除率接近100%.     

初始 pH 值对废水反硝化脱氮的影响

为探讨pH值对硝态氮反硝化体系的影响,设定初始pH范围为4～10,对反硝化过程中NO3－‐N、NO2－‐N、TN、TOC和△TOC／△TN的变化规律、反硝化动力学以及抑制机理进行研究．结果发现：最适宜的反硝化pH值为8,过酸过碱都不利于反硝化过程的进行．在pH＝8时,反应时间最短,硝态氮的去除率为99．4％,TN的降解率为95．5％．亚硝态氮积累量在pH＜7时小于1mg／L;pH＞7时,随pH的增大而增大,最大积累率为22％．硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH＝8时最大,为2．52mgNO－x‐N／（gMLVSS·h）;亚硝态氮比反硝化速率在pH＝7时最大,为1．66mgNO－x‐N／（gMLVSS·h）．因此,反硝化最佳的pH值为7～8．     

氮负荷对烟气脱硫脱硝废水反硝化过程的影响

依据烟气脱硫脱硝废水的主要特征配制模拟废水,研究不同硝态氮负荷对该废水反硝化过程中C和N的变化规律及脱氮效果的影响．间歇式批次实验结果表明：氮负荷为50～400 mg/L时,经过12 h后硝态氮去除率达到95％以上,反应过程中有10％～20％硝态氮转化为亚硝态氮．随着氮负荷的增加,T OC的消耗量也在增加,但降解率逐渐减小,去除每毫克硝态氮所需TOC依次为5．40、4．03、3．15、2．96、2．88、2．32和1．9 mg ． TN的去除包括硝态氮、亚硝态氮和部分有机氮的去除,亚硝态氮完全去除时TN也基本去除．反应结束时,不同氮负荷下所需的△TOC/△TN为1．9～4．0．氮负荷从50 mg/L增加至400 mg/L ,容积反硝化速率由2．73 mg NO－3‐N /（L· h）增加至21．90 mg NO3－‐N /（L · h）．△TOC/△TN与容积反硝化速率、氮负荷之间都呈良好的线性关系．     

SBR处理高浓度氨氮废水硝化反应的研究

采用SBR反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水,考察了反应器内氨氮的去除、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的变化情况,并对反应器的工艺运行条件进行了优化。结果表明：在水力停留时间为24h,pH为7．5,溶解氧浓度为3mg／L时,氨氮的去除效率可以达到99％,反应器内的硝态氮生成量稳定,达到85％以上,亚硝态氮很少。污泥特性研究表明,污泥的沉降性能良好,SV在35—40,粒径分布在183μm左右。     

高温和高盐对Nitrosomonas nitrosa WH-1氨氧化活性的联合影响

自养氨氧化细菌是污水处理中的重要细菌,但高温和高盐对其氨氧化活性的联合影响研究仍较为匮乏.该文以纯培养的自养氨氧化细菌Nitrosomonas nitrosa WH-1为例,采用响应面法测定了温度与盐浓度对N.nitrosa WH-1亚硝氮积累速率的联合影响,还测定了不同盐浓度条件(3～18 g·L^-1)和不同温度条件(36℃～48℃)下的最适温度、半数抑制温度和半数抑制盐度.发现高温与高盐对亚硝氮积累速率存在明显的交互作用,当温度由36℃升至42℃,半数抑制盐浓度由8.84 g·L^-1增至10.45 g·L^-1,而盐浓度为15～18 g·L^-1时的最适温度和半数抑制温度也显著高于盐浓度为3～12 g·L^-1时的情况.上述结果说明,高温可以缓解高盐所引起的抑制,且适度的高盐也可以提高自养氨氧化细菌的耐热性.     

不同曝气量对短程硝化特性的影响

通过控制SBR反应器内的温度为35±0.1℃、初始pH为8.0~8.4、初始游离氨(FA)浓度为19~35mg·L-1,在两周内实现了短程硝化的快速启动,并在稳定期考察了曝气量(24、36、48、60 L·h-1)对短程硝化特性的影响.结果表明:在线监测pH的"氨谷"和DO"跳跃点"可判断短程硝化反应的终点,从而控制曝气时间;不同曝气量下,出水亚硝态氮积累率均维持在95%以上,氨氮去除率为100%,反应器内亚硝态氮浓度变化均呈零级反应,其生成速率常数随曝气量增大而增大;当曝气量由低到高时,单位曝气量亚硝态氮比生成速率常数先增大后减小,曝气量为36 L·h-1时最小;综合考虑,短程硝化的曝气量为36 L·h-1时最为经济.     

污泥浓度、pH、NO2- -N对反亚硝化脱氮的影响

反亚硝化脱氮是反硝化过程中的一个重要环节,也是污水短程反硝化脱氮的重要组成部分.本文在亚硝酸氮浓度为30~110 mg.L-1范围内,主要考察了影响反亚硝化速率因素中的pH、NO2--N、MLSS的作用.研究表明,在温度为18℃,pH为7.5时,反亚硝化速率最大;NO2--N浓度为60 mg.L-1时的反亚硝化作用最强;MLSS高则整体反亚硝化脱氮速率快,但MLSS高则单位质量反亚硝化菌的效率低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-