钢-UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件试验研究

为深入研究钢-超高性能混凝土（UHPC）界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的抗剪性能,提出实用的计算方法指导工程设计应用,基于实际工程背景,设计了6组共12个模型试件并进行了推出试验. 试验结果表明：1）UHPC中栓钉剪力连接件、PBL剪力连接件、栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移曲线具有相似的曲线特征,均可分为弹性、塑性损伤及破坏三个阶段. 2）在正常使用阶段,混合剪力连接件中栓钉与PBL共同承受荷载,其分担荷载比例与各自刚度成正比. 针对UHPC中栓钉及PBL的抗剪性能进行理论分析,分别提出了UHPC中栓钉以及PBL的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式、抗剪承载力计算式及抗剪刚度建议取值方法等. 分析栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件中各部分受力分配情况,在荷载按刚度分配原理基础上,提出了UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的荷载-滑移全曲线实用经验公式. 最后利用本文提出的UHPC界面栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件实用公式对实桥墩柱进行验算表明,抗剪安全系数为2.17,剪切滑移量为0.04 mm,符合实际工程承载极限状态及正常使用状态的要求. 本文提出了栓钉与PBL混合剪力连接件的计算方法,为其工程应用奠定了基础.     

焊钉布置对钢-超高性能混凝土组合桥面板收缩效应影响

为探究不同焊钉布置对钢?超高性能混凝土（UHPC）组合桥面板收缩效应的影响规律，进行了常温养护条件下焊钉间距分别为200 mm和300 mm的足尺节段组合桥面板收缩监测试验，并利用有限元分析软件对试验模型进行了收缩模拟，在此基础上开展了不同焊钉间距下组合桥面板收缩效应的参数化分析。试验监测结果表明：试验中UHPC初凝时间约为17 h。钢?UHPC组合桥面板边缘区域UHPC收缩量较中心区域更大，前72 h最大收缩量约为450×10⁶；当焊钉间距从200 mm增加到300 mm后，UHPC受整体约束减弱，其中钢板约束作用下降，最大压应变减小约51.6 %；钢筋约束作用增强，最大压应变值增加约42.9 %。有限元分析表明：UHPC与钢板端部界面处应变差增加20.9 %，滑移最大处焊钉剪应力增加64.7 %。参数化分析可知：当焊钉间距从100 mm增加至400 mm时，跨中UHPC拉应力减小3.7 %；跨中钢板压应力减小17.8 %，钢筋压应力增加86.3 %。以上结果表明焊钉间距增加使钢与UHPC之间组合作用减弱的同时，引起了结构次内力的分布变化，UHPC与钢结构的次内力减小，钢筋承担的约束作用增强，压应力增大。适当地增加焊钉间距可以减小收缩引起UHPC拉应力和钢结构次内力，但需要注意组合作用减弱对力学性能的影响。     

钢-UHPC组合梁单钉连接件抗拔性能分析

为研究钢-UHPC组合梁单钉连接件的抗拔性能,通过6组UHPC中单钉连接件的拉拔试验和ANSYS软件数值计算,分析了栓钉直径、高度对抗拔承载力和破坏模式的影响.提出了钢-UHPC单钉连接件抗拔承载力计算公式,得到了不同UHPC和栓钉强度下栓钉钉杆拉断和UHPC开裂2种典型破坏模式的高径比界限.结果表明,若高径比大于界限值,抗拔试件破坏时栓钉钉杆被拉断,UHPC板完好,属于延性破坏;若高径比小于界限值,试件为UHPC开裂破坏,栓钉脱出,UHPC冲切破坏面与竖直面的夹角约为43°,属于脆性破坏.钢-UHPC单钉连接件抗拔承载力公式的计算值略低于模拟值,相对误差小于10%.     

UHPC矮肋桥面板抗弯性能研究

为研究UHPC矮肋桥面板的抗弯性能并验证其在多跨大跨连续梁中的适用性,以滨州黄河大桥为背景,提出两种UHPC矮肋板方案（平均板厚分别为16.4 cm和14.3 cm）.首先建立实桥有限元模型,得到实际荷载作用下桥面板UHPC应力和栓钉剪力.接着,进行足尺抗弯试验,获得矮肋板从加载至破坏的过程中裂缝萌生与发展特征、荷载-位移曲线和应变分布规律等.试验表明,底部钢板的设置可以有效限制UHPC裂缝的发展,在钢板屈服前裂缝宽度呈线性发展;两种方案开裂应力分别为16.8 MPa和15.6 MPa,经过实桥有限元计算得到两种桥面板方案的纵向受力安全系数分别为2.2和1.5;钢板屈服后主裂缝迅速出现,最终桥面板纵肋受拉裂缝快速发展,顶面出现受压裂缝,认为试件破坏;然后,考虑UHPC材料受拉贡献,结合UHPC规范对结构抗弯承载能力进行验算,结果表明,当采用截面非线性方法并使用材料实际性能参数时,可以预测UHPC矮肋板的极限弯矩,计算值和试验值的比值分别为0.95和1.01.最终,对结构关键设计参数进行分析,结果表明,UHPC抗拉强度对极限弯矩的影响较小,增加钢板厚度是提高其极限弯矩的有效途径,窄而高的纵向加劲肋具有更高的受力效率.     

桥面铺装疲劳性能参数及可靠性

探讨桥面铺装层疲劳开裂机理,并对其疲劳力学性能指标进行分析研究,以钢桥铺装层为例,得出其最大横向拉应力、最大横向剪应力、最大横向拉应变、最大纵向拉应力、最大纵向剪应力、最大纵向拉应变和其表面最大弯沉与铺装层厚度和铺装层材料弹性模量之间关系,建立起桥面铺装结构层的可靠度研究方法,提出桥面铺装可靠度各指标与大修周期的最优分配模型。     

钢-超薄UHPC组合桥面板界面抗剪性能研究

针对正交异性钢板-超薄超高性能混凝土(Ultra High Performance Concrete,UHPC)(厚度为35mmUHPC板+20mm磨耗层)组合桥面板中,UHPC层过薄而无法采用常规抗剪连接件形式的问题,提出一种新型钢筋网局部焊接抗剪连接件.通过推出试验测得了焊接抗剪件的荷载-滑移关系曲线和抗剪承载力,以某长江大桥为背景,对焊接抗剪件的布置方式进行了研究.试验结果表明:焊接抗剪件的推出试验破坏过程属于脆性破坏,破坏前界面相对滑移较小,焊缝长度为50mm的焊接抗剪件极限抗剪承载力为119kN.与栓钉相比,相同荷载比值下采用焊接抗剪件的界面相对滑移小,焊接抗剪件的抗剪刚度大于栓钉.计算结果表明:钢-超薄UHPC组合桥面板在布置抗剪件时,需关注UHPC层底部受力.加大抗剪连接件布置密度可减小UHPC层底部横、纵桥向拉应力,降幅可达36.3%.     

荒漠地区耐久性沥青路面结构设计指标与路面结构力学分析

通过分析荒漠地区恶劣自然环境下的重荷载交通沥青路面使用状况,采用有限元分析,提出了采用路面性能指数PCI、路表面弯沉与路面车辙作为路面结构的设计指标;得出了荒漠地区耐久性沥青路面结构受力分布.结果表明:不同轴载作用下路表最大竖向变形与轴载近似成线性关系,随着轴载的增大,最大竖向变形逐渐增大;路表最大拉应力以轮轴线呈现对称分布;路面结构层内的剪应力随着深度增加而增大,在距路表5 cm处剪应力达到峰值.研究成果可为荒漠地区耐久性沥青路面选材与结构设计提供科学的理论支撑与技术指导.     

钢-UHPC组合板群钉效应有限元分析

建立考虑栓钉焊缝影响的钢-UHPC组合板推出试件的精细化有限元模型,在验证模型有效性和合理性的基础上,深入分析栓钉与UHPC相互作用机理与试件的受力全过程行为,探究栓钉间距对其抗剪性能的影响.有限元分析结果表明：与无焊缝模型相比,有焊缝模型中的栓钉抗剪承载力与试验值更接近,因此有限元模型中应考虑焊缝的影响;直径和间距对栓钉承载力同样影响显著,且随着栓钉直径增大和间距减小,UHPC板会出现开裂甚至可能破坏.以水平抗剪时栓钉先于UHPC破坏为原则,建议直径d为13 mm的栓钉,其间距不宜小于2.5d;直径d为16和19 mm的栓钉,其间距不宜小于3.5d.对于栓钉承载力考虑群钉效应的折减系数η_G,建议当间距不小于8.0d时,可取为1.0(不考虑群钉效应);当间距大于建议的最小值且小于8.0d时,取0.94.     

预应力混凝土桥梁弯曲孔道接触应力研究

大跨度预应力混凝土桥梁运营过程中,箱梁跨中下挠与腹板开裂现象十分普遍.从结构受力分析,混凝土箱梁徐变效应所带来的跨中下挠,客观上表明梁体处于拉应力状态,与结构设计意图大相径庭,意味着预应力混凝土结构设计理论尚存在某些弊端.为探究预应力钢束与弯曲孔道间接触应力的分布规律以及孔道相关参数的影响,基于赫兹接触理论,通过一组预应力弯曲孔道模型挤压试验,借助CT扫描技术获取试验模型的形变数据,并结合有限元分析软件ANSYS进行数值模拟.结果表明其接触应力分布呈钟形,接触应力大小与张拉力正相关,与曲率半径负相关,接触应力梯度与接触角度负相关.研究结论对预应力混凝土构件设计理论的修正具有参考意义.     

无筋超高性能混凝土板的受弯性能及承载力计算

为明确无筋超高性能混凝土（Ultra High Performance Concrete,UHPC）单向板和周边支承方板的受弯性能,分别对其进行了跨中局部荷载作用下受弯性能的破坏性试验. 基于本文及其他文献的试验结果,考虑钢纤维特征参数的影响,建立了UHPC材料的受拉本构. 通过数值分析,提出了无筋UHPC板截面受拉区等效均布应力折减系数k的计算公式. 根据试验和分析结果,建立了无筋UHPC单向板和周边支承方板抗弯承载能力的简化计算方法. 结果表明：无筋UHPC单向板和周边支承方板均发生由UHPC抗拉性能所控制的受拉破坏. 由于UHPC内钢纤维的增强作用,无筋UHPC板的抗弯承载能力和极限变形分别较相应的开裂荷载和开裂变形明显提高且表现出一定的延性破坏特征,但UHPC的受拉塑性尚不足以保证周边支承方板中完全塑性铰线机构的形成,塑性铰线法的上限解不适于预测周边支承方板的极限荷载,而静力法的下限解却能给出精度较高且偏于安全的预测结果;试验结果验证了所提无筋UHPC单向板和周边支承方板极限承载能力简化计算方法的适用性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that