唑硼烷的催化机理研究及应用进展

本文介绍了(噁)唑硼烷特性,重点综述了(噁)唑硼烷的催化机理的发展及其催化机理的研究进展,介绍了(噁)唑硼烷的应用现状和进展,展望了(噁)唑硼烷在实际应用中特别是在医药和食品工业上的前景.     

我国硼资源概况及提硼研究进展

简要介绍了我国硼矿资源概况和固体硼矿的提硼方法：萃取法、酸化法、沉淀法、离子交换法、分级结晶法、浮选法等。着重阐述了国内外盐湖卤水提硼的工艺进展,指出了盐湖卤水提硼必将成为21世纪硼化合物生产的主攻方向。     

涂硼MRPC热中子探测器性能的模拟研究

介绍了涂硼MRPC热中子探测器的原理,利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究了涂硼MRPC热中子探测器对于不同能量中子的响应以及不同涂层厚度对于0.025eV热中子的转换效率,分析了其对射线的响应,并计算了该探测器的时间分辨和本征探测效率.通过模拟结果给出了涂硼MRPC热中子探测器对于0.025eV热中子的探测效率.对转换效率进行理论计算验证,模拟结果和理论计算值吻合较好.     

硼的生物效应及健康影响研究进展

硼是动物所必需的一种微量元素，硼缺乏和硼过量都会产生不利的影响。通过动物试验，硼污染问题已经开始引起人们的重视。美国已将硼列入环境雌激素重点研究化学品之一。已有的三项针对硼作业人群的生殖健康影响研究结果不一致。有的研究表明缺硼或硼污染对人体健康均有害。本文对近30年来有关硼的生物效应及其对人体健康影响的研究进展进行了总结，并对今后研究方向提出了建议。     

轻金属硼氢化物可逆储氢材料研究进展

发展高效、安全的储氢材料/技术被公认为是推进氢能规模化商业应用的关键环节.相比于高压气态和低温液态储存方式,材料基固态储氢因能量密度高且安全性好,被认为最有发展前景.在诸多储氢材料中,轻金属配位硼氢化物氢含量多〉10 wt%,在储氢密度方面具有用作车载氢源的潜力,业已成为近年来储氢材料领域的研究热点.在简述轻金属配位硼氢化物储/放氢反应机理研究的基础上,着重从阴/阳离子替代、构建反应复合体系、纳米相结构调制等方面概述了改善硼氢化物综合储/放氢性能的最新研究进展,旨在明确轻金属硼氢化物储氢材料研究中的关键问题及未来研究方向.     

工作气压对磁控溅射法制备硼碳氮薄膜结晶度的影响

本文用六方氮化硼和石墨靶材采用射频（频率为13．56MHz）磁控溅射法沉积硼碳氮薄膜,得到的硼碳氮薄膜可用红外,拉曼表征。工作气压从0．2Pa升高到6．0Pa。我们可以观察到工作气压可以明显的改变硼碳氮薄膜的晶体结构和结晶度。硼碳氯薄膜的半高宽随工作气压的增加而变化并且在工作气压1．0Pa时得到较好结晶度的薄膜。     

立方烷电子结构和光学性质的研究

为了全面了解立方烷的性质,本文利用CASTEP程序包基于密度泛函理论的交换关联函数（GGA）方法对立方烷的电子结构和光学性质进行研究。在计算的过程中首先优化立方烷的晶体结构并与实验值进行对比,结果符合很好。立方烷的能带带隙为5．453CV,吸收系数最大峰值为2．509×10^5cm^-1.然后又研究光学性质的吸收谱,反射谱和能量损失函数。     

金银藤挥发油成分的气-质联用分析与化学计量学解析

目的 定性、定量分析金银藤挥发油成分.方法 采用气相色谱-质谱进行检测,通过化学计量学解析法对二雏色谱/质谱数据进行解析,得到各组分的纯色谱曲线和质谱,从而实现对金银藤挥发油成分的定性、定量分析,并结合程序升温保留指数来鉴定化合物.结果 金银藤的挥发油鉴定了39个成分,定性组分含量占金银藤挥发油成分总含量的94.54%.结论 全银藤挥发油的主要成分为十六烷酸（45.86%）、9,12-十八碳二烯政乙酯（39.02%）、十四烷酸（1.8%）、十五烷酸（1.07%）、十八烷酸（1.02%）.     

石墨烯的电分析应用研究新进展

综述了石墨烯的电化学特征以犀近几年来石墨烯在电分析方面的重要研究进展,并对石墨烯的制备方法进行了评述;认为寻求高导电率石墨烯的制备方法、深入探讨石墨烯的电化学催化机理,以及将基于石墨烯的电化学生物传感技术应用于食品、环境、生命科学等领域中电活性分子的实时在线检测将是石墨烯在电分析领域的重要研究方向。     

基于AMESim的两自由度高频激振转阀的仿真研究

传统的伺服阀大部分都是滑阀式,虽然控制精度高、性能稳定,但其工作频宽有限,难以满足高频大流量液压系统的需求。为此,提出一种两自由度的高频激振转阀。首先介绍其结构与工作原理,并根据流体连续性方程、阀口流量方程等理论推导出转阀的数学模型和提出提高激振频率的方法。然后采用AMESim建立高频激振转阀的仿真模型,分析系统压力、系统流量和阀口面积的影响,发现转阀阀口的流量与压力都跟随系统压力和阀口面积的增大而提高,但两者都不受系统流量的影响。     

Effect of consumption of green and black tea on the level of various enzymes in rats

Summary Drinking of both green and black tea as the only liquid ingested resulted in significant decreases in the activity of transketolase in whole blood of rats both before and after the in vitro addition, of thiamin diphosphate. Liver transketolase activity was decreased only by green tea. Mucosal transketolase activity was not affected by either type of tea. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was not affected by either type of tea, while whole blood LDH was decreased by both green and black tea. Neither tea had any affect on mucosal alkaline phosphatase, but thiamin diphosphatase activity was decreased by both teas. An increase in liver total thiamin resulted from the drinking of both types of tea.     

PD-L1在人子宫颈癌细胞异常表达并促T细胞凋亡

目的 探讨人子宫颈癌中负性协同刺激分子PD-L1的表达和它与肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的关系以及PD-L1融合蛋白促宫颈癌患者外周血活化T细胞凋亡的作用.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测67例宫颈癌组织及20例正常宫颈组织中PD-L1的表达,分析PD-L1同临床病理特征的相关性,免疫荧光观察肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞数量,TUNEL法检测T细胞凋亡,体外实验将PD-L1融合蛋白细胞加入PHA刺激活化的宫颈癌患者外周血T细胞中共同培养,流式细胞术分析T细胞凋亡率和CD8+/CD4+T细胞比例.结论 正常子宫颈组织不表达PD-L1;宫颈癌组织中PD-L1的表达率为70％.宫颈癌PD-L1的表达与宫颈癌浸润深度相关(P＜0.05).PD-L1阳性病例肿瘤局部浸润淋巴细胞存在凋亡且CD8+T细胞数量明显减少;PD-L1融合蛋白组T细胞凋亡率明显高于抗PD-1组和空白对照组T细胞,分别为32.7％、18.3％和17.9％;CD8+T/CD4+T细胞的比值低于加入抗PD-1组和空白对照组,分别为0.864、0.894和0 907.结论 PD-L1在子宫颈癌中高表达且与肿瘤浸润程度及肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞数量减少有关,PD-L1能促进活化的T细胞尤其是CD8+T细胞的凋亡.     

Involvement of D-amino acid oxidase in elimination of D-serine in mouse brain

The physiological role of D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1. 4. 3. 3) in mouse brain is described. The presence of D-enantiomers of neutral common amino acids was surveyed in the brain. D-serine was shown to be present at high concentration only in regions where the enzyme activity was low. In normal mice whose D-amino acid oxidase activity was much higher in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum, free D-serine content was apparently lower in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. In mice of a mutant strain lacking D-amino acid-oxidase activity, the free D-serine level was remarkably high both in the cerebrum and cerebellum. The results suggest that the enzyme is involved in the elimination of free D-serine in the cerebellum.     

小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型的建立

目的研究建立稳定的昆明小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型。方法取40只雌性昆明小鼠，随机分为A／B两组，每组20只。分别在小鼠背部建立深达皮下筋膜层的u型皮瓣。A组为3．3×1．5cm皮瓣组．B组为2．5×1．5CITI皮瓣组。皮瓣游离缘垫以医用橡胶，缝合切口，造成皮肤缺血模型，术后观察皮瓣发绀水肿及坏死情况，并用散斑全景实时血流成像仪（MoorFLH）检测皮瓣血流。结果肉眼观察，3．3×1．5cm皮瓣组在术后第2天，50％小鼠皮瓣末端坏死，坏死面积达皮瓣面积的（37．20±4．83）％。术后第3天100％小鼠皮瓣末端坏死。并随时间的延长，坏死面积逐渐扩大。2．5×1．5皮瓣组在术后第1天皮瓣出现发绀，水肿，发绀水肿面积占（77．46±4．51）％，术后第3，第5天发绀水肿区面积逐渐减小，至术后第7天，发绀、水肿完全消退。散斑全景实时血流成像仪（MoorFLPI）检测皮肤血流显示，术后第1天皮瓣显著性缺血（P〈0．05），术后第7天血流基本恢复到术前水平。结论成功建立了昆明小鼠皮肤局部缺血模型，为进一步研究组织微血管再生的机理和策略提供简单而稳定的动物模型。     

Y型明渠交汇水流分离区的数值分析

针对Y型明渠交汇口的水流特性，应用三维各向异性的雷诺应力模型，采用交错网格上的有限体积法离散控制方程，用SIMPLE算法求解压力-速度场。数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果吻合较好，并据此重点探讨了不同交汇角条件下交汇口分离区尺寸的变化规律，提出Y型交汇水流分离区的定义和分离区尺寸与汇流比的函数关系。     

Inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin released from the roots of corn seedlings

Summary When the specific activities of the catechin oxidases (catechin as the substrate) which were released from the roots of the seedlings of alfalfa, tomato, wheat, lettuce and corn were compared, it was found that the oxidizing activity was absent from the root exudate of corn seedlings. A 6.3 kDa protein was purified from the root exudate of corn seedlings and in the presence of this protein, the oxidation of catechin was inhibited. This inhibitor is responsible for the inability of the root exudate of corn seedlings to oxidize catechin.     

地源热泵垂直换热器的热响应测试与数值模拟

分析了进出口温度、速度和埋管深度等地源热泵垂直换热器换热性能的影响因素。在青奥村进行实地岩土热响应测试基础上,采用了GAMBIT建立双U形管换热器与周围土壤换热的物理模型,并用FLUENT进行了数值计算。结果表明,在科学的建立数学与物理模型基础上,得到的模拟结果与试验结果误差在10％之内,可以认为模拟结果是有效的,同时应该根据实际需要确定埋管深度,而不是盲目的增大埋管深度来增加换热量。     

The history of science as the progress of the human spirit: The historiography of astronomy in the eighteenth century

In the eighteenth century, the historiography of astronomy was part of a wider discussion concerning the history of the human spirit. The concept of the human spirit was very popular among Enlightenment authors because it gave the history of human knowledge continuity, unity and meaning. Using this concept, scientists and historians of science such as Montucla, Lalande, Bailly and Laplace could present the history of astronomy in terms of a progress towards contemporary science that was slow and could be interrupted at times, but was still constant, regular, and necessary. In my paper I intend to explain how the originally philosophical concept of the human spirit was transferred to the history of astronomy. I also introduce the basic principles to which the development of the spirit is subject in astronomy, according to historians of astronomy. The third part of the paper describes how historians of astronomy took into account the effect of social and natural factors on the history of astronomy.     

Effects of Freund's complete adjuvant on the dirunal rhythms of neuroendocrine processes and ornithine decarboxylase activity in various tissues of male rats

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on the diurnal rhythms of hormonal parameters in serum and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in various tissues of male rats. On days 1–2 after FCA, increase of ODC activity (used to evaluate the level of activation) was observed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the kidney was reduced. This was accompanied by an increase in serum corticosterone. On days 3–4 after FCA, ODC activity remained elevated in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues, while the ODC activity in the testes and panceas was reduced; kidney ODC activity returned to baseline. This was associated with increased serum levels of prolactin (Prl) and luteinizing hormone, but decreased growth hormone, testosterone and insulin. The increase in ODC activity in the thymus, as well as the reduced ODC activity in the testes and kidney, can be obtained with paraffin. Furthermore, bromocryptine microcapsules (CBLA) reduced the FCA-induced increase of ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues (days 3–4) but did not affect the changes in other tissues. The increase in ODC activity in the pituitary gland, liver and lymphoid tissues is specific for FCA. A role for Prl in the induction of ODC in liver and lymphoid tissues is suggested by the fact that CBLA suppresses this enhancement.     

Effect of consumption of green and black tea on the level of various enzymes in rats

Drinking of both green and black tea as the only liquid ingested resulted in significant decreases in the activity of transketolase in whole blood of rats both before and after the in vitro addition of thiamin diphosphate. Liver transketolase activity was decreased only by green tea. Mucosal transketolase activity was not affected by either type of tea. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was not affected by either type of tea, while whole blood LDH was decreased by both green and black tea. Neither tea had any affect on mucosal alkaline phosphatase, but thiamin diphosphatase activity was decreased by both teas. An increase in liver total thiamin resulted from the drinking of both types of tea.