黄土地铁隧道施工围岩及地表变形规律

以西安地铁3号线某暗挖站区间双线地铁隧道施工为背景,采用有限差分软件FLAC3 D建立土体三维力学模型对双线地铁隧道台阶法施工过程进行动态模拟;并结合现场实测数据分析台阶法施工引起的地铁隧道围岩及地表变形规律。结果表明:(1)台阶法施工诱发的横向地表沉降呈"V"形,最大地表沉降出现在隧道中线偏右方约3 m,最终形成的沉降槽宽度约为隧道洞径的2倍。(2)台阶法施工诱发的纵向地表沉降在开挖面前地表沉降量最大,随着开挖掌子面距离越远,沉降量越小,最后在开挖进尺40 m附近趋于稳定。(3)隧道拱顶纵向沉降曲线与地表沉降变化趋势基本一致。帮部围岩变形呈现出先快速增长后逐渐平稳的趋势,且影响范围逐渐增大。所得结论可为双线地铁隧道施工和变形预测提供参考。     

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道不同工法对地表沉降的影响

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道施工期地表沉降量对施工安全具有重要意义。本文采用有限差分软件FLAC3D对Ⅵ级围岩条件下大跨度浅埋暗挖地铁隧道进行了数值模拟,分析了不同的施工方法对地表沉降的影响。结果表明：不同的施工方法对地表沉降影响显著,双侧壁导坑法和CRD法在软弱围岩条件下能很好地控制地表沉降,CD法在围岩相对较好时也能满足沉降控制要求;在相同条件下,双侧壁导坑法施工引起的地表沉降稍小于CRD法,CD法的沉降最大;在围岩较差时,地表最终沉降曲线中心稍偏向后开挖一侧,随着围岩条件变好,这种趋势逐渐减弱,地表沉降曲线将对称分布于隧道中线二侧。     

地铁浅埋暗挖施工对地表沉降及邻近桥基的影响

针对地铁隧道开挖诱发地表下沉,致使已有桥基变位的问题,采取经验法的叠加原理预测双线隧道开挖对地表沉降曲线的影响。以西安地铁3#线某区间为工程背景,采用三维有限差分数值(FLAC3D)软件模拟浅埋暗挖不同工况对地表和邻近桩基沉降的影响。理论分析及数值模拟结果均表明:双线隧道引发的地表沉降呈"U"型曲线分布,且沉降槽宽度影响范围和地表沉降均较单线隧道大。环形开挖预留核心土法可作为该区间隧道的主要施工工法。现场监测分析表明:该施工工法能有效地降低地表沉降和桩基变形,对黄土地区该类隧道工程具有一定的指导意义和借鉴价值。     

硬岩地区浅埋暗挖隧道施工地表沉降特征模型试验研究

城市地铁隧道开挖会对围岩产生扰动并破坏其稳定性,严重时甚至引起地层失稳而造成路面塌陷事故。为研究城市地铁浅埋暗挖隧道施工所引起的地表沉降基本特征,本文以青岛硬岩(花岗岩)地层为例,通过室内三维模型试验对隧道开挖过程进行了动态模拟,总结出不同工况下开挖所引起的地表沉降规律,同时将数值模拟结果与室内试验结果作对比分析。研究结果表明：浅埋隧道的开挖会引起以地表沉降为主的地层变形,其横向沉降数值分布会呈现出“两侧小中间大”的沉降槽,这与数值模拟结果较为相符,即隧道正上方的沉降变形最大,越是偏离隧道中轴线则地表受开挖扰动越小;而纵向地表沉降则分为“缓慢变形”“剧烈变形”以及“变形稳定”三个阶段,上述阶段的影响范围基本维持在距掌子面-1.6D~1.6D(D为隧道洞径)之间。因此,试验所得结果可以应用在硬岩地区浅埋暗挖施工当中。     

南宁地铁盾构双线隧道地表沉降预测模型研究

依托南宁地铁2号线土压平衡盾构施工的双线隧道,通过对施工现场地表沉降的监测分析,揭示了双线隧道左、右线先后开挖过程中的地表横向沉降规律与地表沉降变形的历时变化规律。在此基础上,采用Peck沉降槽理论,考虑双线隧道盾构施工的相互影响,引入左线隧道施工对右线隧道地表沉降影响系数和右线隧道施工对左线隧道地表沉降影响系数,并提出这两个影响系数的确定方法,对相互影响范围内的双线隧道地表沉降公式进行修正,从而提出了一种采用分段函数形式表达的地铁双线隧道盾构施工引起地表沉降的预测模型,并验证了该预测模型的可靠性。     

盾构隧道施工对管片环和地表沉隆变位的影响研究

结合某地铁区间盾构隧道所处围岩地质状况,引入荷载释放系数,采用三维有限元法对盾构隧道施工所引起的隧道应力场和位移场、管片环整环变形、地表三维沉隆变位与横、纵向沉隆曲线分布变化规律进行了深入研究,得到如下结论:(1)隧道施工将引起呈带状分布于隧道拱顶的较大管片环应力,且该应力随施工进程增幅较小。(2)管片环最大和最小位移分别呈带状分布于盾构隧道拱顶和拱底,且随着掌子面的前行略有增加并渐趋稳定。管片环呈横向变形趋势发展,拱顶下沉量最大,拱腰外扩量次之,而拱底隆起量最小。(3)随着掌子面的逼近,前方约15m处地表形成隆起,随后下沉且该沉降速率较大,两侧土体向隧道中线移动,地表沉降槽较大但渐趋稳定。     

曲线平行双隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律分析

曲线双隧道开挖不同于直线型隧道,近年来曲线线型多应用于地铁隧道。为研究地铁常见的曲线平行双隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律,基于吉隆坡MRT一期北段工程的施工实测数据,对4个位于不同曲线半径处的观测面沉降数据进行了分析。分析结果表明:单线曲线隧道引起的地表沉降槽有不对称现象,最大沉降值位置在隧道轴线下方;当覆土厚度等于隧道轴线距离时,曲线平行双隧道引起的地表沉降槽为对称的高斯分布,最大沉降位置在双线隧道中线位置处;随着曲线半径减小,地表沉降量将增大,当半径减小到300 m时沉降显著增加,减小千斤顶速度对减小沉降量影响不明显,应保持合理的土仓压力并适度提高注浆量。     

盾构近距穿越桥梁施工对地表及桥梁桩基的影响

结合某地铁区间隧道盾构施工近距穿越桥梁桩基的复杂条件,选取桥台与桥墩基础影响最大断面,对盾构施工引起地表沉降及桥梁桩基的变形、应力及内力进行三维数值模拟计算。结果表明:①双线隧道盾构推进引起地表最大沉降位于双线隧道中间某处,大于单线隧道引起的地表最大沉降,地表沉降随着两条隧道间距的减小而增加;②右线隧道盾构施工引起B0C0桥台桩基近隧道边桩产生的最大变形与内力均发生在距桩顶13 m处,最大横向挠曲变形、纵向挠曲变形分别为2. 0、4. 8 cm,边桩内力致使桥台桩基超出承载能力,承台发生倾向隧道一侧的倾斜和水平面内扭转,严重影响桩基的安全;③双线隧道盾构施工引起B7C7桥墩桩基近隧道边桩桩顶处产生最大位移,最大横向水平位移、纵向水平位移分别为2. 6、5. 2 cm,右侧桥墩桩基承台产生的最大横向水平位移、竖向位移、纵向水平位移分别为3. 2、3. 4、4. 6 cm,承台发生倾向隧道一侧的倾斜和水平面内扭转,倾斜值为0. 001 8,接近规范规定的允许值,盾构施工时须引起注意。基于上述分析结果,提出盾构近距推进时的施工监测及施工参数调整的建议。     

台阶长度对软岩隧道台阶法施工影响分析

软弱围岩隧道施工时,围岩变形过大会对施工安全造成威胁.本文利用数值软件建立成昆铁路新白石岩隧道V级围岩洞口段的三维模型,模拟分析比对微台阶法和短台阶法隧道开挖引起的围岩位移和应力变化情况.结果表明:减小开挖台阶长度能够有效减小上台阶开挖引起的拱顶沉降和地表整体沉降;采用微台阶法施工可减小开挖引起的围压变形,保证施工的安全进行.     

大跨度土质隧道自然成拱优化数值模拟研究

土质隧道围岩在工程实际施工中具有明显的弹塑性变形特征.通过运用FLAC3D软件,模拟隧道实际开挖过程,可得到隧道开挖过程中围岩应力分布及周边位移变化量,为隧道的施工提供预警信息和优化隧道设计提供理论支持.在控制地表变形方面,采用交叉中隔壁法(Cross diaphragm-CRD)施工时,地表最大沉降量为20.37 mm,而双侧壁导坑法则为25.8 mm,结果表明CRD法在控制围岩变形方面要优于双侧壁导坑法.因此,为了避免隧道在开挖过程中发生塌方等事故,应优先采用CRD法开挖.然而,运用FLAC3D软件模拟CRD法开挖过程,得到开挖隧道上部导洞所引起地表的沉降量占总沉降量的50%以上.因此,对CRD法上部导洞的开挖工序进行优化,能有效地降低塌方等事故发生的概率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that