分级混凝过程的效能与影响因素

对比常规混凝过程和分级混凝过程的絮体特性和混凝效能,对分级混凝过程中混凝剂的分级投加间隔和分级投加比等参数进行研究。研究结果表明,混凝剂分级投加可降低沉后水浊度,形成更大的絮体,且絮体结构更松散;混凝剂分级投加间隔对浊度和絮体特性有显著影响,当投加间隔为60 s时,沉后水浊度达到最低值,为2.06 NTU,絮体的成长比速率和当量直径均达到最大值,分别为49.60×10-4 s-1和123.0μm;混凝剂分级投加比对沉后水浊度和絮体特性也有一定的影响,当分级投加比为4/8,3/9和2/10时,易形成结构较松散、粒径较大的絮体,沉后水浊度较低,其中,当投加比为4/8时,浊度达到最低值,为1.81 NTU,比常规混凝低40.85%;分级混凝过程显著提高了混凝效能和浊度去除率。     

酸改性蛭石连续化絮凝装置的设计与研究

针对酸改性蛭石絮凝剂建立了一套连续絮凝装置,考察无机矿物蛭石絮凝剂对有机胶体牛奶模拟废水浊度和COD的去除率、Zeta电位以及沉降速度的影响,并与传统无机絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行对比.由实验结果可知:连续絮凝装置出水浊度和COD去除率虽然比间歇的烧杯实验上清液低,但仍然可以分别达到91.4%和73%,传统PAC即使在最佳条件下,出水浊度和COD去除率只有39.3%和33.2%.酸改性蛭石絮凝剂电中和效果和形成的絮体沉降速度都优于传统的PAC,在最佳投加量下,蛭石絮凝剂上清液的Zeta电位接近0 m V,絮体易于絮凝,而PAC的Zeta电位为–6 m V,难以压缩而松散.     

不同形态藻类的混凝效果及絮体特性

采用氯化铁和硫酸铝作为混凝剂，分别研究了不同形态结构的铜绿微囊藻、针杆藻和水华鱼腥藻的混凝效果及絮体特性。结果表明：在铁盐、铝盐混凝剂不同投加量下，铁盐对3种藻的混凝去除效果优于铝盐；3种藻在铁盐和铝盐各自达到最佳混凝效果时的混凝剂投加量：铁盐>铝盐。铜绿微囊藻的整体混凝效果最差，针杆藻的最好。相比于铝盐，3种藻在采用铁盐混凝时形成絮体的分形维数值更大；针杆藻絮体的整体分形维数最大（最大值：1.72），铜绿微囊藻的最小（最大值：1.17），表明藻种形态对混凝絮体结构的影响。3种藻在采用铁盐混凝时的絮体粒径（d50）均大于铝盐絮体，絮体强度和恢复因子小于铝盐絮体的对应值。当采用铁盐混凝剂时，铜绿微囊藻絮体d50的最大值（632μm）小于针杆藻（765μm）和水华鱼腥藻（777μm）；针杆藻絮体的恢复因子最大（26.54%），水华鱼腥藻的恢复因子最小（11.04%）。3种藻絮体到达等电点的铁盐投加量大于铝盐投加量，藻絮体Zeta电位可用于分析藻类混凝时最佳去除率对应的投加量。铜绿微囊藻以电性中和混凝机制为主，吸附架桥和网捕卷扫机制则可能对水华鱼腥藻和针杆藻的絮凝作用更重要。     

疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降特性及絮体形态

疏浚工程中会产生大量的疏浚泥浆,其浓度低、颗粒细小、长期悬浮难以沉降,占用大量土地。利用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为混凝剂加速泥浆泥水分离,通过沉降界面高度、沉降速率及沉降后上覆水的浊度,确定混凝剂的最佳投加量,利用激光粒度仪和显微镜对絮体粒径及絮体形态进行分析,探究疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降特性及混凝机制,并提出混凝沉降模式。结果表明,在PAM作用下,疏浚泥浆在高混合强度、短时间内即形成较大、较密实的絮体,5 min内基本处于沉降稳定状态;PAM最佳投加量与泥浆含固量有关,为0.8wt%,此时沉降高度最高、沉降速度最快、上覆水浊度最低、絮体粒径基本保持不变、絮体分形维数为最大值。疏浚泥浆的混凝沉降过程经历快速沉降、缓慢沉降、稳定三个阶段,即絮团的沉降、压缩、自重固结过程。     

PAC与PAM联用处理低温低浊度原水的生产应用

东北地区冬季,由于原水水温低,浊度低,导致净化工艺中反应速度慢,混凝所形成的絮体轻,不宜下沉。这是水处理工艺中的一项难题。针对低温低浊度原水,该水厂联用聚合氯化铝（PAC）与聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的投加方式,取得了较好的处理效果,提高了出厂水的水质。     

低浊度矿井水再利用的实验研究

针对低浊度矿井水的特点,采用试验方法,选用无机高分子絮凝剂聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铝与有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺复配使用,实验研究絮凝剂对矿井水浊度去除效果。通过正交混凝实验,研究了混凝药剂的投加量、混合转速、混合时间、反应转速及反应时间对混凝效果的影响,确定了处理矿井水的最佳混凝药剂及投药量及最佳水力条件。     

混凝法去除热轧浊环水中污染物的研究

采用混凝的方法去除热轧浊环水中的污染物,进行混凝剂筛选,确定最佳混凝剂为聚合硫酸铁。试验结果表明聚合硫酸铁处理热轧浊环水具有加药量少、絮体生成快、污染物去除率高,且不需投加助凝剂和抗冲击负荷能力强等优点。在其加药量为10mg／L、酸度值pH8的条件下,SS、油和浊度的去除率分别达到98％、89％和97．6％。     

混凝法去除热轧浊环水中污染物的研究

采用混凝的方法去除热轧浊环水中的污染物进行混凝剂筛选,确定最佳混凝剂为聚合硫酸铁。试验结果表明聚合硫酸铁处理热轧浊环水具有加药量少、絮体生成快、污染物去除率高,且不需投加助凝剂和抗冲击负荷能力强等优点。在其加药量为10mg／L、酸度值pH8的条件下,SS、油和浊度的去除率分别达到98％、89％和97．6％。     

磁化技术在污水处理中的研究

论述了将磁化技术运用在混凝实验中的效果,实验结果表明,配水浊度为8NTU时、COD为70mg/L左右进行磁化混凝实验,进行单因素实验分析,当混凝剂聚合硫酸铁投加量为0.04g/L、磁化时间为4min、磁化强度为680Gs时,然后将配水进行搅拌、静置后,其上清液浊度、COD值分别降至0.35NTU、13.35mg/L,絮凝效果最佳。     

聚硅铁短时混凝过滤应急工艺及效果

为保证污染的快速有效处理，基于聚硅铁(PSF)的优异混凝效果及其絮体的快速沉淀性能，以模拟生活污水为试验水样，对短时混凝沉淀工艺(短时工艺)的絮凝和沉淀时间等参数的选择及其对过滤的影响进行研究，对比研究聚硅铁和聚合氯化铝(PAC)在混凝过滤的短时和常规工艺下的去除效果，并利用扫描电镜对其絮体进行分析，最后观察短时工艺对于实际生活污水的处理效果。结果表明，在混凝沉淀试验中，絮凝2 min、沉淀3 min时的PSF短时工艺就能达到与常规工艺较为接近的污染物去除水平。投加量为0.162 mmol/L时，浊度和COD_Cr平均去除差异率分别为0.59%和11.5%。在过滤试验中，短时PSF工艺的滤后水水质稳定，平均COD_Cr去除率达到85.53%,比PAC短时工艺高了7.16%。扫描电镜图片表明短时PSF工艺的絮体比PAC絮体结构紧凑，颗粒粒径大，具有更好的絮凝沉淀效果。在处理实际生活污水的试验中，投加量达到0.162 mmol/L时，PSF短时工艺对于浊度和COD_Cr的去除效果比PAC短时工艺分别高了27.88%和11.11%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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