液体泄漏破碎行为数值模拟

液体泄漏破碎行为研究对核反应堆安全分析具有重要意义,泄漏破碎形成的粒径尺寸分布是影响燃烧速率的重要因素.利用计算流体力学程序FLUENT对液体泄漏破碎进行三维模拟计算,与相关实验结果对比表明:液体流动轨迹、液滴索特尔平均直径(sauter mean diameter,SMD)与实验吻合较好,验证了流体体积法-离散颗粒法(volume of fluid-discrete particle model,VOF-DPM)模型模拟液体泄漏破碎行为的适用性.在此基础上分析了不同工质及不同流速对液体破碎行为的影响.研究表明,在液体喷射速度和管道破口直径相同的情况下,工质表面张力越大,破碎形成液滴尺寸越小;随着液体喷射流速增大,所得粒径平均直径减小;液体破碎粒径沿径向方向分布较为对称,液滴在喷射中心区域粒径较小轴向方向靠近破口处粒径较大.     

高环境压力下幂律流体射流液滴粒度特性试验

基于自行搭建的射流系统和定容燃烧弹系统,采用三维相位多普勒技术,实现对幂律流体圆柱射流在封闭空间内不同工况下破碎液滴粒度场分布规律的测量.结果表明,对于同一种幂律流体,在相同的喷射压力、环境压力和喷嘴结构参数下,索特平均直径(SMD)随射流轴向位置的增大而减小;在同一轴向位置,SMD基本沿径向两侧呈对称分布,越远离中心SMD越大,射流速度越大,这种对称分布现象越明显;控制其他参数相同,SMD随着射流速度的增大而逐渐变小;随着环境压力的增大,SMD逐渐减小;喷嘴其他参数相同,SMD随着喷嘴直径的减小而逐渐减小;对于不同的幂律流体,黏度越大,SMD越大.试验结果与不稳定性理论分析所给出的幂律流体射流破碎规律是一致的.     

GDI喷油器超高压乙醇喷雾微观特性试验

为系统研究超高喷射压力下缸内直喷(GDI)喷油器乙醇喷雾的微观特性,采用相位多普勒粒子分析(PDPA)系统对10~50,MPa喷射压力下的喷雾进行了测试,并结合纹影法所获取的喷雾图像分析了喷雾形态发展、液滴粒径粒速的空间分布及随时间的变化规律.研究结果表明:提高喷射压力,枝状结构形成时刻提前,喷雾破碎过程加快;提高喷射压力,喷雾头部粒速增加,贯穿距变大;喷雾锥角随喷射压力的提高小幅度上升;提高喷射压力,乙醇液滴的索特平均直径(SMD)、DV90和DV50明显下降,但DV10下降幅度相对较小,处于剧烈破碎区的液滴粒径减小;超高压喷射有效抑制了25,μm以上大粒径液滴生成,降低粒径分布的离散程度,粒径为5,μm左右的液滴数量比例最大;超高压喷射下,在同一水平面不同测点位置,SMD的差异较小;随着测点距喷孔距离的增大,小液滴聚合现象会导致SMD变大.     

旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性

以自来水为喷淋介质,对旋流压力式喷嘴低压喷淋特性进行试验研究.分析喷嘴流量和喷孔直径对喷淋角、液滴Sauter平均直径(SMD)的影响规律,研究旋流压力式喷嘴喷淋液滴尺寸分布、喷淋介质径向通量分布及喷淋周相均匀度.结果表明,喷嘴流量越大,喷淋角越大,液滴尺寸越小;喷孔直径增加,喷淋角和液滴尺寸均增大.低压喷淋液滴SMD集中在250～550μm之间,属于大颗粒,得出计算液滴SMD的关联式.喷淋通量在中心最大,喷嘴流量增大,边缘区喷淋通量逐渐增加,介质喷淋周相均匀性较好.实验结果可以为旋流压力式喷嘴,以及惰性粒子流化床干燥器的设计和改进,提供实验依据.     

内混式扇形空气雾化喷嘴参数分析

采用Eulerian-Lagrangian耦合算法,对内混式空气雾化喷嘴的性能参数进行了数值模拟,结果表明:气液质量流量比为定值时,随着喷嘴孔口宽度的增大,雾化角和液滴的速度逐渐减小,索特尔平均粒径(SMD)不断增大;为了获得更细小的液滴,喷嘴孔口宽度不宜过大;喷嘴孔口宽度为定值时,SMD随气液质量流量比的增加,先逐渐减小,达到极小值后,又逐渐增大,喷嘴孔口宽度为0.6mm时,SMD的极小值约为39.5μm。     

气泡雾化喷嘴下游流场的特性分析

用Fluent软件对气泡雾化喷嘴下游不同截面雾化液滴的平均直径和速度分布进行了模拟计算.分析了雾化粒径与喷嘴直径、气液质量比、气体压力和液体流率之间的关系,以及雾化粒径和流动速度随喷嘴距离(轴向和径向)的变化规律.结果表明,雾化粒径与喷嘴直径之间呈近似正比关系,与气液质量比之间呈近似反比关系,而与气体压力和液体流率之间则存在最优匹配问题.随着喷嘴距离的增大,雾化粒径增大,而流动速度减慢.     

幂律流体旋流射流的喷雾特性实验

采用高速摄影技术和三维相位多普勒分析技术,测量了幂律流体旋流射流的破碎形貌、液滴速度和粒径分布,获得了其破碎特征及规律.结果表明,幂律流体旋流射流随喷射压力增加可以划分为3种射流模式,即带旋转的圆柱射流模式、液线液滴共存模式和充分发展模式.黏性越大的流体,要达到同样的射流模式所需要的喷射压力也越大.液滴的轴向速度w、径向速度u和索特平均直径(SMD)在径向各位置呈中心小两侧大的分布规律,切向速度v接近于零.三维速度在轴向各位置随z的增加均有不同程度的减小,SMD也有减小的趋势.不同压力对轴向速度w的影响更为明显,且更多地影响了液滴的二次破碎.     

医用压缩雾化器结构优化与雾化效果数值模拟

医用压缩雾化器结构对呼吸系统疾病的雾化吸入治疗起决定作用。通过流体体积法-离散颗粒法( volume of fluid-discrete particle model,VOF-DPM)的方法,研究了医用压缩雾化器喷嘴结构、气体流速和液体通道宽度等对雾化效果的影响。结果表明,压缩雾化后液滴的动能和5以下的液滴粒径占比与气体流速成正比;随着液体通道宽度的增加,雾化后液滴的动能会增加,但是5以下的液滴粒径占比会相对减小;使用锥型破碎挡板结构,不仅能提升雾化后液滴的动能,而且能够使5以下的液滴粒径占比相比原来提升5%-7%左右。这些分析结果对后续医用压缩雾化器的性能表征和结构优化设计具有指导意义。     

蒸发环境下液滴初始粒径对煤油喷雾模拟预测的影响

采用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法分别在非蒸发、蒸发环境中完成了煤油破碎、雾化过程模拟,分别采用索特直径、贯穿长度等实验数据对预测结果进行了对比分析。假设离散相的液体颗粒粒径在喷嘴出口处满足RosinRammler分布,通过在喷嘴出口处设定不同的初始液体粒径分布参数,得到了不同算例的预测结果。通过与实验数据的对比发现,在非蒸发环境下液体初始粒径对于预测结果影响较小,而在蒸发环境下其对于计算结果存在比较明显的影响,较小的初始液滴粒径会降低喷雾的贯穿长度、会造成液滴在离开喷嘴之后的速度偏快。     

动量比对单排槽针栓喷注器雾化特性的影响

为了获得单排槽气液针栓喷注器的破碎过程和雾化特性,通过试验和数值仿真方法研究了不同动量比下的破碎变形过程、雾场浓度和粒径分布。结果表明,径向液束在轴向气膜的剪切作用下发生变形和破碎,穿透深度和破碎长度均随着动量比的提高而增大;雾场中心的浓度随动量比提高而降低,使得雾场中心接近空心;随着局部动量比的提高,液滴粒径的最大值逐渐增大,液滴粒径的最小值逐渐减小,液滴的粒径范围逐渐拓宽;雾场液体浓度和粒径沿周向分布有相邻喷注单元之间明显的分区特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that