基于半导体量子点的量子通信

光子源和纠缠光子对的制备是量子信息产生和传输过程的源头,是实现量子通信的重要前提条件.半导体量子点固体系统具有可集成性和可扩展性的优点,并且与现有的半导体光电子学技术密切相关,近年来在单光子源和纠缠光子对制备方面取得了重要的进展,是未来全固态量子通信的重要元器件.从量子通信的基本原理出发,阐述了制备单光子源和纠缠光子对的重要性,介绍如何解析推导出圆形常规半导体量子点中的电子结构,描述了圆形拓扑绝缘体量子点中边缘态具有双重简并的电子结构,能级间隔与量子点的具体形状无关,并且具有自旋轨道锁定的特性,总结了实验和理论上在利用这一独特的电子结构制备单光子源和纠缠光子对方面取得的重要进展.     

联合噪声下的量子离物传态

提出了利用四光子纠缠态进行联合退相位噪声和联合转动噪声下的量子离物传态方案.信息态的发送者Alice,根据噪声的不同,制备不同的四光子纠缠态,并把其中两个光子发送给Bob,另两个光子保留.Alice对手中的信息态和其中一个保留态进行联合Bell基测量,从而把信息态的部分信息转移到了Bob手中的光子上,然后Alice和Bob再对相应的光子做单光子测量,Bob根据单光子测量结果对手中未做单光子测量的光子实施合适的酉算符操作,从而得到信息态,实现联合噪声下的量子离物传态.本方案牵涉到两方(Alice和Bob),可以推广到多方可控离物传态.另外方案中仅需要进行联合Bell基测量和单光子测量,在实验上具有可行性.     

单光子计数实验系统及其应用

分析了单光子计数实验中采用脉冲幅度甄别器和光子计数器测量光子数的实验原理，讨论了可能影响实验测量精度及产生误差的原因，并运用MATLAB软件绘制实验曲线，该实验对实验操作者进行必要的实验技能训练的同时又提高了实验测量的精度。     

耦合腔阵列中基于里德堡相互作用调控的量子路由（英文）

建立一个单光子路由器模型,由一个中心腔与作为量子通道的交叉耦合谐振腔波导耦合,中心腔中放置两个具有里德堡相互作用的原子.在经典光场的作用下,一个受Rydberg相互作用调节的三能级原子可被视为一个路由光子的量子发射器.两种Rydberg相互作用对透射光谱有不同的影响.两个不同频率的光子可以被路由,其中一个可通过控制里德堡相互作用和拉比频率关闭,一种频率的光子可以被转移.基于这些特性,该模型是一种实现多频率光子路由器的可行方案,可用于单光子器件的设计.     

无相互作用两光子间的时间纠缠方案

提出了一种在两个独立光源发出的单光子间建立纠缠的新方案. 该方案是基于最近发展起来的时间纠缠概念和技术, 通过后选择的方法建立两个独立光子之间的时间纠缠, 从而提供了一种可用于验证量子非定域性和定域实在论之间矛盾的新方案.     

无相互作用两光子间的时间纠缠方案

提出了一种在两个独立光源发出的单光子间建立纠缠的新方案. 该方案是基于最近发展起来的时间纠缠概念和技术, 通过后选择的方法建立两个独立光子之间的时间纠缠, 从而提供了一种可用于验证量子非定域性和定域实在论之间矛盾的新方案.     

量子信息实验设计的算符分析

定义了适用于单光子两偏振态的升降算符,并利用Fock空间算符的线性变换理论,研究了BS,PBS,半波片,四分之一波片以及 H 变换等,得出了它们的算符表示,找到了新的实验表述方式,从新的角度讨论了量子信息实验,如Teleportation,分析了光子输出的各态的几率.由此总结出了一种研究和设计量子信息实验的有效方法.      

高效实现针对光子丢失问题的容错量子计算

基于两个基本操作——控制路径操作和纠缠子,首先给出非破坏性多光子奇偶校验的实现.随后,将这些操作用于光学量子计算中光子丢失问题的处理.可以实现奇偶量子态的制备,以及单体操作与两体控制非操作,由此可以实现普适容错量子计算.不管是态制备还是门操作都是确定性的,同时方案的实现复杂度也要远低于此前的方案,对于辅助单光子资源的需求也降到很低的程度.并且实现过程中除奇偶校验外,不需要进行任何单光子探测,因此不会造成任何单光子的损失,最大限度地利用了光子资源.比之此前的线性光学方案,我们方案的确定性、高效性、简单性以及资源的高利用率等特点,使得方案更具可行性和更加适用于大规模量子计算.     

嵌入微腔中的量子点散射一维波导中的单光子

本文采用全量子力学的方法研究了嵌入微腔中的量子点散射一维波导中的单光子问题。通过实空间的方法得到了单光子透射和反射振幅。分析表明,通过调节激光脉冲的强度和频率可以实现对一维波导中单光子传输特性的控制。     

基于几率波探测下的量子雷达系统原理

从技术体制上划分,量子雷达分为有源量子雷达和无源量子雷达.根据探测波是实波还是几率波,有源量子雷达可分为实波量子雷达和几率波量子雷达.量子雷达还可分为线性量子雷达和非线性量子雷达.非线性量子雷达根据探测波采用纠缠光子和干涉几率波的不同而分为两种;还可进一步分为测回波和不测回波两种.利用几率波在空间的几率关联特性,通过对本地几率波的测量而获得空间的目标信息.为此我们将量子光栅与超导单光子探测器相结合,提出一种新型的、更高效的单光子检测器件,用于实现这种新型、不测回波信号的有源量子雷达.这一技术使量子雷达性能产生了巨大提升.     

Generating single microwave photons in a circuit

Microwaves have widespread use in classical communication technologies, from long-distance broadcasts to short-distance signals within a computer chip. Like all forms of light, microwaves, even those guided by the wires of an integrated circuit, consist of discrete photons. To enable quantum communication between distant parts of a quantum computer, the signals must also be quantum, consisting of single photons, for example. However, conventional sources can generate only classical light, not single photons. One way to realize a single-photon source is to collect the fluorescence of a single atom. Early experiments measured the quantum nature of continuous radiation, and further advances allowed triggered sources of photons on demand. To allow efficient photon collection, emitters are typically placed inside optical or microwave cavities, but these sources are difficult to employ for quantum communication on wires within an integrated circuit. Here we demonstrate an on-chip, on-demand single-photon source, where the microwave photons are injected into a wire with high efficiency and spectral purity. This is accomplished in a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture, with a microwave transmission line cavity that enhances the spontaneous emission of a single superconducting qubit. When the qubit spontaneously emits, the generated photon acts as a flying qubit, transmitting the quantum information across a chip. We perform tomography of both the qubit and the emitted photons, clearly showing that both the quantum phase and amplitude are transferred during the emission. Both the average power and voltage of the photon source are characterized to verify performance of the system. This single-photon source is an important addition to a rapidly growing toolbox for quantum optics on a chip.     

Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling

Conventional lasers (from table-top systems to microscopic devices) typically operate in the so-called weak-coupling regime, involving large numbers of atoms and photons; individual quanta have a negligible impact on the system dynamics. However, this is no longer the case when the system approaches the regime of strong coupling for which the number of atoms and photons can become quite small. Indeed, the lasing properties of a single atom in a resonant cavity have been extensively investigated theoretically. Here we report the experimental realization of a one-atom laser operated in the regime of strong coupling. We exploit recent advances in cavity quantum electrodynamics that allow one atom to be isolated in an optical cavity in a regime for which one photon is sufficient to saturate the atomic transition. The observed characteristics of the atom-cavity system are qualitatively different from those of the familiar many-atom case. Specifically, our measurements of the intracavity photon number versus pump intensity indicate that there is no threshold for lasing, and we infer that the output flux from the cavity mode exceeds that from atomic fluorescence by more than tenfold. Observations of the second-order intensity correlation function demonstrate that our one-atom laser generates manifestly quantum (nonclassical) light, typified by photon anti-bunching and sub-poissonian photon statistics.     

Quantum interference between two single photons emitted by independently trapped atoms

When two indistinguishable single photons are fed into the two input ports of a beam splitter, the photons will coalesce and leave together from the same output port. This is a quantum interference effect, which occurs because two possible paths-in which the photons leave by different output ports-interfere destructively. This effect was first observed in parametric downconversion (in which a nonlinear crystal splits a single photon into two photons of lower energy), then from two separate downconversion crystals, as well as with single photons produced one after the other by the same quantum emitter. With the recent developments in quantum information research, much attention has been devoted to this interference effect as a resource for quantum data processing using linear optics techniques. To ensure the scalability of schemes based on these ideas, it is crucial that indistinguishable photons are emitted by a collection of synchronized, but otherwise independent sources. Here we demonstrate the quantum interference of two single photons emitted by two independently trapped single atoms, bridging the gap towards the simultaneous emission of many indistinguishable single photons by different emitters. Our data analysis shows that the observed coalescence is mainly limited by wavefront matching of the light emitted by the two atoms, and to a lesser extent by the motion of each atom in its own trap.     

Twenty years of quantum contextuality at USTC

Quantum contextuality is one of the most perplexing and peculiar features of quantum mechanics. Concisely, it refers to the observation that the result of a single measurement in quantum mechanics depends on the set of joint measurements actually performed. The study of contextuality has a long history at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Here we review the theoretical and experimental advances in this direction achieved at USTC over the last twenty years. We start by introducing the renowned simplest proof of state-independent contextuality. We then present several experimental tests of quantum versus noncontextual theories with photons. Finally, we discuss the investigation of the role of contextuality in general quantum information science and its application in quantum computation.     

相对论质子-质子碰撞过程中产生的大横动量光子研究

利用微扰量子色动力学和部分子模型,研究了相对论质子-质子碰撞产生的大横动量光子.在微扰量子色动力学中,大横动量光子的产生源主要有康普顿散射、夸克-反夸克湮灭、胶子夸克单圈以及部分子散射末态的光子碎裂等.理论计算结果能够较好地解释各能区质子-质子碰撞产生的光子实验数据.     

非共振k光子调控光场量子统计特性

将双模纠缠相干光场中一束光场与腔中单个二能级原子发生非共振k光子相互作用,经腔QED演化之后,对原子作选择性测量,通过调节相互作用时间、跃迁光子数和失谐量,实现控制腔外光场量子统计特性的目的.经过比较分析发现相比于单光子过程和非简并多光子过程光场的反聚束和压缩效应变化更加明显.     

One-way quantum identity authentication based on public key

Based on public key, a quantum identity authenticated （QIA） system is proposed without quantum entanglement. The public key acts as the authentication key of a user. Following the idea of the classical public key infrastructure （PKI）, a trusted center of authentication （CA） is involved. The user selects a public key randomly and CA generates a private key for the user according to his public key. When it is necessary to perform QIA, the user sends a sequence of single photons encoded with its private key and a message to CA. According to the corresponding secret key kept by CA, CA performs the unitary operations on the single photon sequence. At last, the receiver can judge whether the user is an impersonator.     

Generation of single optical plasmons in metallic nanowires coupled to quantum dots

Control over the interaction between single photons and individual optical emitters is an outstanding problem in quantum science and engineering. It is of interest for ultimate control over light quanta, as well as for potential applications such as efficient photon collection, single-photon switching and transistors, and long-range optical coupling of quantum bits. Recently, substantial advances have been made towards these goals, based on modifying photon fields around an emitter using high-finesse optical cavities. Here we demonstrate a cavity-free, broadband approach for engineering photon-emitter interactions via subwavelength confinement of optical fields near metallic nanostructures. When a single CdSe quantum dot is optically excited in close proximity to a silver nanowire, emission from the quantum dot couples directly to guided surface plasmons in the nanowire, causing the wire's ends to light up. Non-classical photon correlations between the emission from the quantum dot and the ends of the nanowire demonstrate that the latter stems from the generation of single, quantized plasmons. Results from a large number of devices show that efficient coupling is accompanied by more than 2.5-fold enhancement of the quantum dot spontaneous emission, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Single photon response of superconducting nanowire single photon detector

Single photon detection is one of the key technologies for quantum key distribution in quantum communication. As a novel single photon detection technology, superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) surpasses conventional semiconducting single photon detectors with high count rate and low dark count rate. In this article, we introduce SNSPD fabricated from NbN ultrathin superconducting film and lab-based SNSPD system. The characteristics of single photon response pulse of SNSPD are analyzed in detail. Also discussed is the relationship between waveform of single photon response and system bandwidth. Circuit model is made to analyze the performance of SNSPD. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental data. Those results are valuable for understanding the mechanism of SNSPD and building future SNSPD system for quantum communication.