位相和振幅涨落对激光辐射的影响

用统计学原理研究了位相涨落和振幅涨落时对激光辐射的互相干函数和频谱密度的影响,得到了热辐射情况下导出的自相干函数和强度涨落相干函数间的关系式在激光辐射情况下不再适用的结论。     

Observation of stimulated emission by direct three-photon excitation

Multiphoton processes, predicted theoretically in 1931, were for a long time considered to be mainly of academic interest. This view changed when it was shown that a two-photon absorption process could, because of a quadratic dependence of excitation on intensity, produce a spatially confined excitation useful for three-dimensional data storage and imaging. Two-photon absorption has received considerable attention recently because of the development of highly efficient two-photon-sensitive materials, leading to numerous technological applications. These successes have created interest in exploring applications based on three-photon excitations. For a three-photon process, a longer excitation wavelength such as those common in optical communications can be used. Also, the cubic dependence of the three-photon process on the input light intensity provides a stronger spatial confinement, so that a higher contrast in imaging can be obtained. Here we report the observation of a highly directional and up-converted stimulated emission as an amplified spontaneous emission, produced in an organic chromophore solution by a strong simultaneous three-photon absorption at 1.3 microm. This achievement suggests opportunities for a three-photon process in frequency-upconversion lasing, short-pulse optical communications, and the emerging field of biophotonics.     

受激辐射下两原子有效量子纠缠

研究了受激辐射相互作用下两原子体系的量子纠缠特性.运用量子绝热近似方法,获得了体系的有效哈密顿量,讨论了在该哈密顿量下两原子量子纠缠的动力学演化.研究结果说明,在大失谐条件下,受激辐射相互作用可以将两原子制备到最大纠缠的Bell态,在退相干时间内,原子的自发辐射及热环境对量子纠缠的影响不大.     

Phase-resolved measurements of stimulated emission in a laser

Lasers are usually described by their output frequency and intensity. However, laser operation is an inherently nonlinear process. Knowledge about the dynamic behaviour of lasers is thus of great importance for detailed understanding of laser operation and for improvement in performance for applications. Of particular interest is the time domain within the coherence time of the optical transition. This time is determined by the oscillation period of the laser radiation and thus is very short. Rigorous quantum mechanical models predict interesting effects like quantum beats, lasing without inversion, and photon echo processes. As these models are based on quantum coherence and interference, knowledge of the phase within the optical cycle is of particular interest. Laser radiation has so far been measured using intensity detectors, which are sensitive to the square of the electric field. Therefore information about the sign and phase of the laser radiation is lost. Here we use an electro-optic detection scheme to measure the amplitude and phase of stimulated radiation, and correlate this radiation directly with an input probing pulse. We have applied this technique to semiconductor quantum cascade lasers, which are coherent sources operating at frequencies between the optical (>100 THz) and electronic (<0.5 THz) ranges. In addition to the phase information, we can also determine the spectral gain, the bias dependence of this gain, and obtain an insight into the evolution of the laser field.     

锂分子中紫外扩散带受激辐射

本文首次报道了以６２０．０—６６５．０ｕｍ范围内任一波长激光双光子激发模分子或多光子激发锂原子，获得锂分子紫外扩散带受激辐射．文中对有关的辐射特性及激发机制进行了讨论．     

Optical emission from a charge-tunable quantum ring

Quantum dots or rings are artificial nanometre-sized clusters that confine electrons in all three directions. They can be fabricated in a semiconductor system by embedding an island of low-bandgap material in a sea of material with a higher bandgap. Quantum dots are often referred to as artificial atoms because, when filled sequentially with electrons, the charging energies are pronounced for particular electron numbers; this is analogous to Hund's rules in atomic physics. But semiconductors also have a valence band with strong optical transitions to the conduction band. These transitions are the basis for the application of quantum dots as laser emitters, storage devices and fluorescence markers. Here we report how the optical emission (photoluminescence) of a single quantum ring changes as electrons are added one-by-one. We find that the emission energy changes abruptly whenever an electron is added to the artificial atom, and that the sizes of the jumps reveal a shell structure.     

激光诱导Cu等离子体发射光谱的实验研究

利用Q－开关Nd：YAG激光器产生的1．06μm、10ns的脉冲激光聚焦在空气中的Cu靶上，观测了激光诱导的Cu等离子体发射光谱．采用激光能量为45mJ／pulse，分析了波长为440～540nm的空间分辨发射光谱．在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件近似下，根据谱线的相对强度，得到等离子体电子温度约在10^4K以上．给出了靶面附近电子温度和谱线半高全宽的空间演化规律．     

低能段的光学渡越辐射

光学渡越辐射（ＯＴＲ）作为中高能段束流诊断方法，已被广泛地研究。低能ＯＴＲ的分布不像高能时那样集中于反射方向附近一个极小的角度内，而是在沿反射方向的很大的立体角内分布，且斜入射时强度分布极不对称。这使低能ＯＴＲ 的实验装置与高能时有些不同。为此，从Ｍａｘｗ ｅｌｌ＇ｓ 方程组出发详细推导了电子斜入射时适用于各能段的光学渡越辐射光强的空间分布公式。以此为基础建立了实验装置，并利用ＣＣＤ摄像机得到了４ ＭｅＶ 电子束流的ＯＴＲ光斑，为进一步的研究打下基础     

基于时域声辐射模态的结构噪声主动控制研究

以平板为例，在时域里对声辐射模态进行了初步研究．研究表明时域声辐射模态既与时间无关，也互相独立，使得计算和控制声功率得以简化．针对瞬时声功率主要由第一阶辐射模态的声功率所决定的特点，在时域里进行结构噪声的主动控制研究，提出了新的主动控制策略，即通过抵消第一阶辐射模态的声功率使得总的声功率得以有效降低．在此基础上，建立基于FXLMS算法的自适应前馈控制系统，进行仿真计算，结果证明了主动控制策略是有效的．     

基于碳减排处理技术的碳排放权价值分析

将实物期权的思想引入碳排放权价值的研究.先通过B-S模型分析不考虑碳减排处理技术的碳排放权价值,再进行基于碳减排处理技术的碳排放权价值分析.得到含有碳减排处理技术的碳排放权的价值模型.     

基于图像量测的光学触摸式测量系统的研发

基于现有测量系统的基础上,创造性的开发出光学触摸式的测量系统(Optical Touching system).新开发的系统的精度较以往系统有了一定程度的提高.OTS系统具有操作方便的特点,它是利用数字图像技术对被测量物体的图像进行处理、分析、研究,以获得物体的尺寸、位置、数量、外形轮廓等参数.     

Decoherence of matter waves by thermal emission of radiation

Emergent quantum technologies have led to increasing interest in decoherence--the processes that limit the appearance of quantum effects and turn them into classical phenomena. One important cause of decoherence is the interaction of a quantum system with its environment, which 'entangles' the two and distributes the quantum coherence over so many degrees of freedom as to render it unobservable. Decoherence theory has been complemented by experiments using matter waves coupled to external photons or molecules, and by investigations using coherent photon states, trapped ions and electron interferometers. Large molecules are particularly suitable for the investigation of the quantum-classical transition because they can store much energy in numerous internal degrees of freedom; the internal energy can be converted into thermal radiation and thus induce decoherence. Here we report matter wave interferometer experiments in which C70 molecules lose their quantum behaviour by thermal emission of radiation. We find good quantitative agreement between our experimental observations and microscopic decoherence theory. Decoherence by emission of thermal radiation is a general mechanism that should be relevant to all macroscopic bodies.     

基于声发射的岩石疲劳损伤演化

通过砂岩试件疲劳破坏的声发射实验,分析了砂岩疲劳破坏过程的声发射特性,研究了岩石的疲劳损伤演化规律.按岩石整个疲劳过程的声发射特征及损伤演化规律,并参考岩石不可逆变形发展的三阶段规律可以将其分为四个阶段.岩石疲劳损伤破坏具有突发性,在岩石失稳阶段损伤加速演化.如果以声发射监测和预测岩石疲劳破坏,在损伤量0.4左右即进入失稳阶段,在损伤量0.3左右即进入失效阶段.     

基于PEMS的混合动力客车排放和油耗性能评价

在中国城市客车行驶工况条件下,运用车栽排放测试技术（portable emission measurement system,简称PEMS）研究了某重型混合动力客车在怠速运转时采取停机和不停机两种不同控制策略下的实际排放因子和燃油消耗率．试验研究结果表明,停机模式比不停机模式可提高该车燃油经济性4．6％,但CO排放因子却增加了53．6％;怠速不停机时,HC＋NOx排放增加20．6％．同时说明对于混合动力车辆的油耗和排放,特别是排放的评价,应当采取基于整车的评价方法．     

Jurassic radiation of large Branchiopoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea) using secondary structure-based phylogeny and relaxed molecular clocks

The phylogenetic relationships of large Branchiopoda have been one of the most controversial issues in the studies of Crustacea. This study attempts to tackle systematic problems concerning “conchostracan” and anostracan evolution, by analyzing ribosomal RNA sequences of both mitochondrial (12S) and nuclear genes (18S). Phylogenetic trees are reconstructed with these data from 27 genera belonging to 18 families, using maximum parsimony procedures, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques under mixed and doublet models. The results suggest that Diplostraca (Conchostraca+Cladocera) form a monophyletic group, with Spincaudata and Cladoceromorpha being sister groups and Laevicaudata a basal lineage of Diplostraca; Notostraca and Diplostraca together form the monophyletic Phyllopoda. Within Diplostraca, Conchostraca is paraphyletic in contrast to the traditional systematic classification. Relaxed molecular clock analysis, using multiple fossil calibration points, indicates that the conchostracan three genera—Imnadia, Caenestheriella， and Caenestheria, emerged during Jurassic; most anostracan groups, such as Polyartemiinae, Chirocephalinae, Branchinectidae, and Streptocephalidae, experienced an adaptive radiation during Jurassic, and probably related with the fragmentation of the Pangea supercontinent.     

Jurassic radiation of large Branchiopoda (Arthropoda: Crustacea) using secondary structure-based phylogeny and relaxed molecular clocks

The phylogenetic relationships of large Branchiopoda have been one of the most controversial issues in the studies of Crustacea. This study attempts to tackle systematic problems concerning “conchostracan” and anostracan evolution, by analyzing ribosomal RNA sequences of both mitochondrial (12S) and nuclear genes (18S). Phylogenetic trees are reconstructed with these data from 27 genera belonging to 18 families, using maximum parsimony procedures, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analysis coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques under mixed and doublet models. The results suggest that Diplostraca (Conchostraca+Cladocera) form a monophyletic group, with Spincaudata and Cladoceromorpha being sister groups and Laevicaudata a basal lineage of Diplostraca; Notostraca and Diplostraca together form the monophyletic Phyllopoda. Within Diplostraca, Conchostraca is paraphyletic in contrast to the traditional systematic classification. Relaxed molecular clock analysis, using multiple fossil calibration points, indicates that the conchostracan three genera—Imnadia, Caenestheriella， and Caenestheria, emerged during Jurassic; most anostracan groups, such as Polyartemiinae, Chirocephalinae, Branchinectidae, and Streptocephalidae, experienced an adaptive radiation during Jurassic, and probably related with the fragmentation of the Pangea supercontinent.     

基于离散超小波变换的光码正交码

在光码分多址系统中,提高系统容量需要增大光正交码的长度,从而压缩光脉冲,而超短光脉冲的产生不易实现。针对这一问题,提出了一种研究光正交码的新方法,采用离散超小波变换对光正交码进行变换,经变换之后得到的新光正交码集仍具有良好的自相关性与互相关性。由此,对光正交码的研究与构造可转化为对新正交码的研究与构造。且采用该方法构造的光正交码在光码分多址系统中能有效地提高系统容量。     

一种基于网络编码的光网络保护机制

采取共享保护的模式,改进一种新的基于单链路故障的1＋N保护机制．此机制在核心节点处进行线性组合,在不通过故障监测和定位的情况下仍然能准确地恢复出由于链路故障丢失的数据．与传统的专有保护相比较,通过仿真实验表明,1＋N保护方案可以减少波长资源消耗,能节省较多资源,仍然可用短时间进行故障恢复．