完全(α,β)-绝对纯幺半群

完全右内射幺半群是一类具有重要研究价值的半群,完全α-绝对纯幺半群和完全右FC-内射(FSF-内射)幺半群是其两种不同的推广.通过引入(α,β)-绝对纯S-系的概念,将完全α-绝对纯幺半群和完全右FC-内射(FSF-内射)幺半群进一步推广为完全(α,β)-绝对纯幺半群,即所有S-系是(α,β)-绝对纯的幺半群.讨论了(α,β)-绝对纯S-系的性质,给出了完全(α,β)-绝对纯幺半群的理想-同余刻画, 从而完全α-绝对纯幺半群和完全右FC-内射(FSF-内射)幺半群等的对应结论都可由此结果推出.     

型F的右适当幺半群

右适当幺半群S称为型F的,如果S是F-rpp半群.目的是给出型F的右适当幺半群的F*-幺半群结构定理:半群S是型F的右适当幺半群当且仅当S同构于F*(M,X,Y),这里F*(M,X,Y)是F*幺半群系统.此结果推广了F-逆半群的相关结果.     

完全右P-内射幺半群

本文对幺半群S的任意右商滤子P,给出了完全右P－内射幺半群的“理想一同余”形式的刻划,推广了有关内射S－系的结果。     

纯整系的圈积

在Ｓ、Ｔ都是幺半群且Ｔ含有右零元，Ａ是左Ｓ－系，Ｂ是左Ｔ－系，Ｗ＝Ｓ×Ｆ（Ａ．Ｔ）是由Ａ决定的Ｓ和Ｔ的圈积的假设下，给出了左Ｗ－系ＡｗｒＢ是纯整系的充要条件。利用该结果可得到一种构造纯整系的新方法。     

关于S-系的覆盖

设S是幺半群,FGWI,WPF,ST_F分别表示有限生成弱内射右S-系、弱拉回平坦右S-系和强挠自由右S-系的类。证明了在有左零元的左reversible幺半群上,每一个右S-系A_i∈FGWI当且仅当_(i∈I)A_i∈FGWI;在Noetherian幺半群上,任意fg-弱内射S-系的有向上极限是fg-弱内射的;同时考虑了WPF-覆盖和STF-覆盖,给出了每一个右S-系都有FGWI-覆盖的条件。证明了若S是有有限几何型的有限生成幺半群,每一个右S-系都有WPF-覆盖,以及在任意幺半群S上,每一个右S-系都有ST_F-覆盖。     

拟投射系

设S是幺半群，称A是拟投射S-系，如果对于S-满同态f:A→B和任意S-同态g:A→B，存在S-同态h:A→A使得fh=g.研究了拟投射S-系的性质，得出结论：(1)S是(半)完全幺半群任意右S-系(有限生成)有一个拟投射复盖S-系；(2)S是右遗传幺半群S的任意投射系是拟投射的.     

关于正则系是弱内射系的幺半群

设S是幺半群。 研究了所有正则右S-系是弱内射系的幺半群的特征,纠正了Moon给出的错误结论, 并讨论了正则系是fgdu-弱内射S-系的幺半群的等价刻画。     

*-左Ample幺半群的最小*-右可消同余

利用幺半群的*-右可消性,构造出*-左ample幺半群的最小*-右可消同余,改进了型A幺半群的最小右可消同余.     

模糊理想刻画的弱左正则幺半群

介绍弱左正则幺半群的概念,指出在可交换半群中,完全正则、弱左（右）正则和完全幂等是等价的．进一步地,通过模糊理想、模糊左理想和模糊右理想的性质刻画了弱左正则幺半群,给出了一个幺半群是弱左正则的等价条件．     

幺半群S-系范畴的若干自然同构函子

给出了幺半群S-系范畴的若干对自然同构的函子.研究了Hom函子和张量函子的性质,得到了幺半群的一些刻画.在幺半群S-系范畴中得到若干函子的自然同构.另外,对左R右S-双系U,左R-系(右S-系)M,证明了:M是U-无挠的当且仅当U上生成M.     

F—纯子模

设F是环R上的右Gabriel拓扑,文中用线性方程组给出了S-R-模N是S-R-模M的F-纯子模的充分必要条件,并对绝对F-纯模进行了刻划。     

F—平坦模与F—平坦维数

引入F-纯正合序列的概念,利用它讨论了F-平坦模及模的F-平坦维数。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of