植物转座元件及其表观遗传调控?

植物的转座元件对于植物基因组的组成、进化和基因表达都具有重要影响.植物绝大部分的转座元件都处于沉默状态.植物机体通过一套识别转座元件并进行表观遗传沉默的有效机制,可逆地调控着转座元件的激活与沉默.本文综述了转座元件沉默和激活的表观遗传机制.     

继承系统中可废止的继承扩张性质

为进一步研究分层知识结构,阐明可废止继承系统的理论,从一致性角度和框架方法出发,构造两种带有可废止特例推理的扩张,并证明它们的存在性,表明其合理性.对继承系统的深入研究,便于进行有效搜索,丰富计算机语言及人工智能的知识描述.     

卵巢癌中的表观遗传修饰

介绍了在卵巢癌的发展和治疗中表观遗传学的重要性，特别强调了在卵巢癌中内源性和获得性耐药性遗传途径中异常的DNA甲基化和组蛋白去乙酰化的重要性．通过表观遗传治疗反转肿瘤抑制基因沉寂和其他参与药物级联反应的基因沉寂为出现耐药性的卵巢癌患者带来了新的希望．     

The inheritance of PN-COOPN

An appropriate combination of COOP and Petri nets is required in order to profit from the strength of both methods. This paper gives an overview of our ongoing research on PN-COOPN, which is a paradigm and development environment for concurrent object-oriented programming based on Petri nets. We describe the object model and programming notation and emphasis the inheritance part for PN-COOPN. Supported by the Foundation of National 863 Project. Zhang Qian, born in 1973, Ph. D     

线粒体病的母系遗传

本文综述了线粒体病的特点,并对线粒体病的母系遗传方式进行了分析。     

Oligopeptide-repeat expansions modulate 'protein-only' inheritance in yeast.

The yeast [PSI+] element represents a new type of genetic inheritance, in which changes in phenotype are transmitted by a 'protein only' mechanism reminiscent of the 'protein-only' transmission of mammalian prion diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms for both are poorly understood and it is not clear how similar they might be. Sup35, the [PSI+] protein determinant, and PrP, the mammalian prion determinant, have different functions, different cellular locations and no sequence similarity; however, each contains five imperfect oligopeptide repeats-PQGGYQQYN in Sup35 and PHGGGWGQ in PrP. Repeat expansions in PrP produce spontaneous prion diseases. Here we show that replacing the wild-type SUP35 gene with a repeat-expansion mutation induces new [PSI+] elements, the first mutation of its type among these newly described elements of inheritance. In vitro, fully denatured repeat-expansion peptides can adopt conformations rich in beta-sheets and form higher-order structures much more rapidly than wild-type peptides. Our results provide insight into the nature of the conformational changes underlying protein-based mechanisms of inheritance and suggest a link between this process and those producing neurodegenerative prion diseases in mammals.     

Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in mice.

For nearly 20 years it has been assumed on the basis of low-resolution experiments that mitochondrial (mt)DNA, in contrast to the genes in the nucleus, has an exclusively maternal mode of inheritance in animals. Using the polymerase chain reaction, paternally inherited mtDNA molecules have now been detected in mice at a frequency of 10(-4), relative to the maternal contributions. These mice were hybrids between two inbred strains (C57BL/6J and Mus spretus) whose mtDNAs can be distinguished easily. This new mode of inheritance provides a mechanism for generating heteroplasmy and may explain mitochondrial disorders exhibiting biparental transmission.     

植物逆境响应的表观遗传调控研究进展

由发育和胁迫条件所导致的基因表达的变化通常依赖于DNA的甲基化修饰、组蛋白修饰、染色质结构以及小RNA等表观修饰。大量研究表明,这种表观修饰在胁迫条件下植物基因的表达中起非常重要的作用。大部分这种由胁迫诱导产生的修饰变化在胁迫条件被解除后能重新回到原来的水平,也有一些修饰的变化十分稳定,这些修饰变化作为胁迫记忆可以通过有丝分裂和减数分裂被遗传。表观遗传的应激记忆可能帮助植物更有效地应对以后的胁迫。     

Genome-wide non-mendelian inheritance of extra-genomic information in Arabidopsis

A fundamental tenet of classical mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably inherited from one generation to the next, resulting in predictable segregation patterns of differing alleles. Although several exceptions to this principle are known, all represent specialized cases that are mechanistically restricted to either a limited set of specific genes (for example mating type conversion in yeast) or specific types of alleles (for example alleles containing transposons or repeated sequences). Here we show that Arabidopsis plants homozygous for recessive mutant alleles of the organ fusion gene HOTHEAD (HTH) can inherit allele-specific DNA sequence information that was not present in the chromosomal genome of their parents but was present in previous generations. This previously undescribed process is shown to occur at all DNA sequence polymorphisms examined and therefore seems to be a general mechanism for extra-genomic inheritance of DNA sequence information. We postulate that these genetic restoration events are the result of a template-directed process that makes use of an ancestral RNA-sequence cache.     

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Chromatin modifiers regulate lifespan in several organisms, raising the question of whether changes in chromatin states in the parental generation could be incompletely reprogrammed in the next generation and thereby affect the lifespan of descendants. The histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) complex, composed of ASH-2, WDR-5 and the histone methyltransferase SET-2, regulates Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. Here we show that deficiencies in the H3K4me3 chromatin modifiers ASH-2, WDR-5 or SET-2 in the parental generation extend the lifespan of descendants up until the third generation. The transgenerational inheritance of lifespan extension by members of the ASH-2 complex is dependent on the H3K4me3 demethylase RBR-2, and requires the presence of a functioning germline in the descendants. Transgenerational inheritance of lifespan is specific for the H3K4me3 methylation complex and is associated with epigenetic changes in gene expression. Thus, manipulation of specific chromatin modifiers only in parents can induce an epigenetic memory of longevity in descendants.     

民族风格旋律的继承和创新

对民族风格旋律的探究,发现其规律及其发展轨迹,探讨出它的继承与创新所必需的条件,是一件意义重大的事情。现代音乐如何继承民族风格旋律,又如何进行民族风格旋律的创新,是音乐实践中的一个永恒话题。艺术的创新并不要求取缔过去的审美、艺术经验,而是要把这些经验最优秀的方面加以发扬光大,所以要把艺术的继承和创新辩证地统一起来。希望在与民歌的共存环境中,能获得某种情感交流,受到民歌本身的艺术语言和文化内涵的熏陶。     

The evolutionary inheritance of elemental stoichiometry in marine phytoplankton

Phytoplankton is a nineteenth century ecological construct for a biologically diverse group of pelagic photoautotrophs that share common metabolic functions but not evolutionary histories. In contrast to terrestrial plants, a major schism occurred in the evolution of the eukaryotic phytoplankton that gave rise to two major plastid superfamilies. The green superfamily appropriated chlorophyll b, whereas the red superfamily uses chlorophyll c as an accessory photosynthetic pigment. Fossil evidence suggests that the green superfamily dominated Palaeozoic oceans. However, after the end-Permian extinction, members of the red superfamily rose to ecological prominence. The processes responsible for this shift are obscure. Here we present an analysis of major nutrients and trace elements in 15 species of marine phytoplankton from the two superfamilies. Our results indicate that there are systematic phylogenetic differences in the two plastid types where macronutrient (carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus) stoichiometries primarily reflect ancestral pre-symbiotic host cell phenotypes, but trace element composition reflects differences in the acquired plastids. The compositional differences between the two plastid superfamilies suggest that changes in ocean redox state strongly influenced the evolution and selection of eukaryotic phytoplankton since the Proterozoic era.     

植物的交流

植物神经生物学是植物科学近年发展起来的新兴领域，研究内容主要包括：植物细胞和组织问的信号传导、植物与微生物相互作用以及植物群落中不同信号的他感作用等。     

论曹植对屈骚的继承

曹植的诗歌精神及其艺术形式能够取得卓异的成就,除其本身的天赋灵质及人生的深沉感慨之外,也有对前代优秀成果的继承,其对屈骚的继承大致体现为以下几个方面：一、与屈骚儒家人生价值理念一脉相承;二、对屈骚“怨”的主题的继承;三、对屈骚“香草美人”模式的借鉴。